4099High intensity endurance and strength training in water polo Olympic team players: impact on arterial wall properties

Abstract Background Regular physical activity is recommended for health improvement. However the upper intensity threshold associated with best health outcome is difficult to determine. Water polo (WP) Olympic athletes present unique characteristics with very high intensity work, long training sessions and a combination of endurance and strength training. Purpose To examine how long term, intense mixed endurance and strength training affect peripheral and central hemodynamics and biomarkers of cardiovascular health. Methods The study population consisted of 20 WP Olympic team player's, 20 matched recreational active subjects (RA) and 20 sedentary control subjects (Cl). Reflected waves were assessed with the Augmentation index (AIx), central aortic stiffness with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function with flow mediated dilation (FMD). Results From Cl subjects to RA active subjects and to WP players there was a stepwise decrease in aortic systolic pressure (116±16 mmHg vs. 107±14 mmHg vs. 106±6 mmHg, p=0.03) while there was no difference in branchial systolic pressure (p=0.52). There was also a stepwise improvement in AIx (−4.22±9.97% vs. −6.97±11.28% vs. −12.14±6.62%, p=0.03) and FMD (6.61±1.78% vs. 7.78±1.98% vs. 8.3±2.05%, p=0.04) according to the intensity of exercise and WP players had lower AIx and higher FMD compared to RA subjects and to Cl subjects. Conclusions In young WP Olympic team players intense mixed endurance and strength training has no adverse impact on arterial wall properties and endothelial function with a parallel improvement in central hemodynamics. These findings highlight that there are no definitive data to support on any adverse vascular related impact of ultra-endurance training while mixed endurance and strength training may be associated with a favorable vascular profile.

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High-Intensity Endurance and Strength Training in Water Polo Olympic Team Players: Impact on Arterial Wall Properties

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000508648 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Georgios Marinos ◽

Marina Zaromitidou ◽

Dimitris Athanasiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Water Polo ◽

Wall Properties

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Abstract 12770: The Significant Role of Endothelium and Arterial Wall Properties in Patients With Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.12770 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Georgia Siasou ◽

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Marilita M Moschos ◽

Nikolaos Gouliopoulos ◽

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Significant Role ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) is another type of glaucoma observed in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. It is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material not only to the anterior segment of the eye, but also to the vessels, heart and other organs. Hypothesis: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are impaired in patients with POAG and PEG supporting the significant role of vascular function impairment in the progression of the disease. Methods: Forty four POAG patients, 22 PEG and 38 healthy subjects (Cl) were included in this study. All subjects were free of cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial wave reflections Results: Between the three study groups CL, POAG, PEG there was no difference in age (67±10years vs. 70±9years vs. 66±12yeras, p=0.12) or prevalence of male sex (70% vs. 57% vs. 50%, p=0.21). Importantly, there was a linear impairment of FMD (7.35±2.77% vs. 6.58±3.18% vs. 4.88±3.29%, p=0.006), PWV (7.98±1.56m/sec vs. 9.20±1.84m/sec vs. 9.22±2.16m/sec, p=0.004) and AIx (21.29±8.77% vs. 25.14±5.71% vs. 28.20±8.75%, p=0.002) from CL to POAG and PEG. Interestingly post hoc test after Scheffe correction revealed also that PEG subjects had not only significantly impaired FMD, compared to control subjects, but also compared to POAG subjects (4.88±3.29% vs. 6.58±3.18%, p=0.02). Conclusions: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are significantly impaired in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. These findings shed some light in the pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and support the theory that pseudoexfoliative fibrils may also accumulate and damage the arterial wall.

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Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20070332 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 115 (9) ◽

pp. 283-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Inga E. Schjerve ◽

Gjertrud A. Tyldum ◽

Arnt E. Tjønna ◽

Tomas Stølen ◽

Jan P. Loennechen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Strength Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

High Intensity ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Work Capacity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Training Programmes

Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85–95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60–70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed ‘high-intensity’ leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α) levels and improved Ca2+ transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in smokers: A cross over study

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.081 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 340-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Dimitris Tousoulis ◽

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

Marina Zaromitidou ◽

Aleksis Verveniotis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Wall Properties

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Endurance Training Depletes Antioxidant System but Does Not Affect Endothelial Functions in Women with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Trial with a Comparison to Endurance-Strength Training

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1639

Author(s):

Małgorzata Jamka ◽

Paweł Bogdański ◽

Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska ◽

Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Obese Women ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

The Impact

Limited data suggested that inclusion of a strength component into endurance exercises might intensify the beneficial effect of training. However, the available data is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on anthropometric parameters, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, antioxidant status, and inflammatory markers in abdominally obese women without serious comorbidities. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) groups. During the three-month intervention, both groups performed supervised sixty-minute training three times a week. All studied parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention period. In total, 85 women completed the study. Both training significantly decreased anthropometric parameters. Besides, endurance training decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, central aortic systolic pressure, pulse wave velocity, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), interleukin (IL) 8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while endurance-strength training decreased MMP-2 concentrations, and increased IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and MMP-9 levels. We observed significant differences between groups for GSH, TAS, and MMP-9 levels. In summary, endurance and endurance-strength training did not differ in the impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. However, endurance training significantly depleted the antioxidant defense, simultaneously reducing MMP-9 levels. The study was retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832.

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405Acute and short-term effects of diesel exhaust fumes exposure on arterial wall properties, inflammatory process and fibrosis-fibrinolysis status

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

P Fountoulakis ◽

E Oikonomou ◽

T Papaioannou ◽

T Psaltopoulou ◽

S Tsalamandris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Diesel Exhaust ◽

Protein C ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽

Short Term ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Wall Properties ◽

Exhaust Fumes ◽

Exhaust Particles

Abstract Introduction Exhaust fumes from diesel engines are a complex mixture of toxic compounds with a wide variety of harmful effects. The acute effects of diesel exhaust fumes on the cardiovascular system are well-known. However, their short-term impact has not been thoroughly studied. Purpose To study the acute and short-term (24 h) effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) on endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory process and fibrosis-fibrinolysis status. Methods In this blind cross over study, 40 healthy volunteers (median age 40 years old) have been exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and then to filtered air (FA) over a 2-hour session with a wash out period of 4 weeks. Exposure to DEPs was calibrated based on the mass of microparticles less than 2,5 microns in diameter (PM 2,5). Flow-mediated-dilation (FMD) was used to estimate endothelial function. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) assessed central aortic stiffness and arterial reflected waves respectively. C reactive protein (CRP) was measured to determine the inflammatory status, as well as fibrinogen and protein C levels to evaluate the impact on the coagulation cascade. All measurements were performed before each session (T0), at the end of the 2 hours exposure session (T2) and 24 hours after completion of each session (T24). Variables with normal distribution are presented as mean±SD otherwise as median±SEM. Results At T0 of DEP and FA exposure there was no significant difference in FMD, PWV, AIX, CRP, protein C and fibrinogen levels. Exposure to DEP decreased significantly FMD (T0: 11.97±4.61% vs T2: 7.71±3.36% vs. T24: 6.17±3.19%, p<0.001) and increased PWV (T0: 6.09±1.03m/sec vs T2: 7.22±1.31m/sec vs. T24: 6.90±1.03m/sec, p<0.001), AIx (T0: 8.17±3.19% vs T2: 12.71±3.36% vs. T24: 13.17±4.61%, p<0.001), CRP (T0: 1.41±0.18 mg/L vs T2: 1.99±0.21mg/L vs. T24: 2.08±0.24mg/L, p=0.04) and fibrinogen levels (T0: 269±44 mg/dL vs T2: 331±75 mg/dL vs. T24: 307±51 mg/dL, p=0.002). Protein C was significantly reduced (T0: 121±26% vs T2: 104±21% vs. T24: 105±20%, p=0.003). Exposure to FA had no significant impact on the study parameters. Graph of results Conclusion Exposure to diesel exhaust fumes may have significant adverse effects on the cardiovascular system with impairment of endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory status and fibrosis-fibrinolysis parameters not only during the exposure period but as far as 24 hours after exposure. Acknowledgement/Funding None

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