P3821Resting heart rate in late adolescence and long term risk of cardiomyopathy - A nationwide study of one million Swedish men

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lindgren ◽  
J R Robertson ◽  
M A Adiels ◽  
M S Schaufelberger ◽  
M A Aberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Causal Pathway

Abstract Background/Introduction Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a known risk factor for HF. Whether elevated RHR is also associated with cardiomyopathy (CM), a common cause of heart failure in the young, is unknown. Purpose To investigate the association of resting heart rate (RHR) measured in late adolescence with long term risk of various subtypes of CM with special attention to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an important predictor of RHR and myocardial dysfunction. Methods We followed a cohort of Swedish men enrolled for conscription in 1968–2005 (n=1,008,485; mean age=18.3 years) until December 2014. Outcomes of CM were collected from the national inpatient- (IPR), outpatient- (OPR) and cause of death registries and were divided into categories: 1) dilated, 2) hypertrophic, 3) alcohol/drug-induced, and 4) other. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the longitudinal association between RHR and outcomes while adjusting for potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI), arterial blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). CRF was measured by maximum capacity ergometer testing as part of the enlistment protocol. Results During a mean follow up of 34 years, there were 3500 cases of a first hospitalization for CM (mean age at diagnosis, 50.1 years). Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of the RHR distribution, we found a positive association between RHR and dilated CM (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58 [confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–1.82]) after adjustment for BMI, age at conscription, conscription year, test center, and baseline comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, congenital heart disease). There no significant association with alcohol/drug-induced (HR=1.32 [CI=0.94–1.85]) or other categories of CM. Conclusion Adolescent RHR is associated with future risk CM, independently of blood pressure, BMI and CRF. The association was driven by dilated CM. These findings are suggestive of a causal pathway between elevated heart rate and adverse cardiac remodeling that warrants further investigation. Acknowledgement/Funding The Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare

Effects of isoproterenol on the cardiovascular system of fetal sheep exposed to long-term high-altitude hypoxemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1793-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamitomo ◽  
T. Ohtsuka ◽  
R. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Isoproterenol Infusion

We exposed fetuses to high-altitude (3,820 m) hypoxemia from 30 to 130 days gestation, when we measured fetal heart rate, right and left ventricular outputs with electromagnetic flow probes, and arterial blood pressure during an isoproterenol dose-response infusion. We also measured the distribution of cardiac output with radiolabeled microspheres during the maximal isoproterenol dose. Baseline fetal arterial blood pressure was higher in long-term hypoxemic fetuses (50.1 +/- 1.3 vs. 43.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg) but fell during the isoproterenol infusion to 41.3 +/- 1.4 and 37.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg, respectively, at the highest dose. Heart rate was the same in both groups and did not differ during isoproterenol infusion. Baseline fetal cardiac output was lower in the hypoxemic group (339 +/- 18 vs. 436 +/- 19 ml.min-1.kg-1) due mainly to a reduction in right ventricular output. During the isoproterenol infusion, right ventricular output increased to the same extent in both hypoxemic and normoxic fetuses (approximately 35%); however, left ventricular output increased only approximately 15% in the hypoxemic group compared with approximately 40% in the normoxic group. The percent change in individual organ blood flows during isoproterenol infusion in the hypoxemic groups was not significantly different from the normoxic group. All of the mechanisms that might be responsible for the differential response of the fetal left and right ventricles to long-term hypoxia are not understood and need further exploration.

Reduced parasympathetic control of heart rate in obese dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. H629-H637 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Van Vliet ◽  
J. E. Hall ◽  
H. L. Mizelle ◽  
J. P. Montani ◽  
M. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Parasympathetic Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Affect Heart Rate

We investigated why resting heart rate is elevated in dogs fed a high saturated fat diet for 12.7 +/- 1.8 wk. Obese dogs exhibited elevated body weight (59%), blood pressure (14%), and heart rate (25%). Differences in resting heart rate (control, 58 +/- 5 beats/min; obese, 83 +/- 7 beats/min) were abolished after hexamethonium, indicating an autonomic mechanism. Hexamethonium also reduced blood pressure in obese (20 +/- 4 mmHg) but not control (9 +/- 6 mmHg) animals. Propranolol did not affect heart rate in either group, excluding a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Subsequent administration of atropine increased heart rate more in control than in obese dogs (110 +/- 9 vs. 57 +/- 11 beats/min). The sensitivity of the cardiac limb of the baroreflex (Oxford method) was reduced by 46% in the obese group, confirming impairment of the parasympathetic control of heart rate. The standard deviation of blood pressure measurements was normal when expressed as a percentage of the mean arterial blood pressure (control, 11.2 +/- 0.4%; obese, 11.2 +/- 0.5%). Our results indicate that the development of obesity in dogs fed a high saturated fat diet is accompanied by an attenuated resting and reflex parasympathetic control of heart rate.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of the Physiology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System of the Ferret, Mustela Putorius Furo

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. R. Andrews ◽  
A. J. Bower ◽  
O. Illman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Vagal Innervation

Summary The resting heart rate was monitored in SO urethane-anaesthetized (387 ± 54 beats/min) and 4 conscious (341 ± 39 beats/min) ferrets. The arterial blood pressure in the anaesthetized animals was 140/110 ± 35/31 mmHg. The circulatory responses to vagal stimulation, carotid artery occlusion and a variety of humoral agents were examined. The vagal innervation of the heart and of the distribution of the great vessels are described.

scholarly journals Resting heart rate in late adolescence and long term risk of cardiovascular disease in Swedish men

2018 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lindgren ◽  
Josefina Robertson ◽  
Martin Adiels ◽  
Maria Schaufelberger ◽  
Maria Åberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

An Industry Survey With Focus on Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology Study Design and Data Interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Author(s):  
Simon Authier ◽  
Matthew M. Abernathy ◽  
Krystle Correll ◽  
Ray W. Chui ◽  
Jill Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Safety Pharmacology ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Effect Level

Introduction: The Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) conducted a membership survey to examine industry practices related mainly to cardiovascular (CV) safety pharmacology (SP). Methods: Questions addressed nonclinical study design, data analysis methods, drug-induced effects, and conventional and novel CV assays. Results: The most frequent therapeutic area targeted by drugs developed by the companies/institutions that employ survey responders was oncology. The most frequently observed drug-mediated effects included an increased heart rate, increased arterial blood pressure, hERG (IKr) block, decreased arterial blood pressure, decreased heart rate, QTc prolongation, and changes in body temperature. Broadly implemented study practices included Latin square crossover study design with n = 4 for nonrodent CV studies, statistical analysis of data (eg, analysis of variance), use of arrhythmia detection software, and the inclusion of data from all study animals when integrating SP studies into toxicology studies. Most responders frequently used individual animal housing conditions. Responders commonly evaluated drug effects on multiple ion channels, but in silico modeling methods were used much less frequently. Most responders rarely measured the J-Tpeak interval in CV studies. Uncertainties relative to Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data applications for data derived from CV SP studies were common. Although available, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes remains rare. The respiratory SP study was rarely involved with identifying drug-induced functional issues. Responders indicated that the study-derived no observed effect level was more frequently determined than the no observed adverse effect level in CV SP studies; however, a large proportion of survey responders used neither.

Fetal responses to long-term hypoxemia in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. R1348-R1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kitanaka ◽  
J. G. Alonso ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
B. L. Siu ◽  
G. K. Clemons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brachiocephalic Artery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Arterial Po2

The effect of acute or short-term hypoxia on fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics has been well known; however, little is known about the effect of long-term hypoxemia. To determine the fetal hemodynamic responses to this stress we studied two groups of animals: 1) pregnant ewes (n = 20) at 110-115 days of gestation subjected to hypoxia for up to 28 days and 2) pregnant ewes (n = 4) that served as normoxic controls. We chronically catheterized the fetal brachiocephalic artery and vein. Five to 6 days after surgery, control measurements were made of mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial PO2, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood volume, and the concentrations of erythropoietin, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The next day the ewes were placed in a chamber with an inspired O2 fraction of 12-13%. Within a few minutes fetal arterial PO2 decreased from control value of 29.7 +/- 2.1 to 19.1 +/- 2.1 Torr, where it remained. Hemoglobin increased from 10.0 +/- 1.0 to 12.9 +/- 1.9 g/dl by day 7, where it remained. This was associated with an increase of erythropoietin from 22.8 +/- 2.2 to 144 +/- 37 mU/ml within 24 h, but by day 7 it had returned to levels slightly above normal. Epinephrine also increased moderately and remained elevated throughout the study. However, values of mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not differ from controls. Perhaps surprisingly, these fetuses were able to compensate so that at term their body weights were normal, 3.77 +/- 0.2 kg.

scholarly journals Association of Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Late Adolescence With Subsequent Mental Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Latvala ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Christian Rück ◽  
Brian M. D’Onofrio ◽  
Tomas Jernberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

scholarly journals Improvement of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index by Arm-Swing Exercise in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Piyanuch Thitiwuthikiat ◽  
Thamonwan Imerbtham ◽  
Opor Weeraphan ◽  
Duangduan Siriwittayawan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Arterial Blood

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the arm-swing exercise on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), heart rate and blood pressure (BP) in older adults with abnormal CAVI values.Material and Method: Seventeen participants aged 50 or over were asked to do the arm-swing exercise at least 30 minutes a day, at least 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The vascular function parameters, CAVI and ABI, resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after exercising. The comparison of these parameters was performed using statistical analysis.Results: It was shown that the arm-swing exercise could lower both left and right CAVI significantly (left CAVI, pre: 10.0±0.2 vs. post: 9.7±0.2, p-value=0.017 and right CAVI, pre: 10.0±0.2 vs. post: 9.7±0.2, p-value=0.034). Furthermore, the arm-swing exercise also reduced arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure significantly (systolic BP, pre: 141.9±4.3 mmHg vs. post: 130.5±4.8 mmHg, p-value=0.004, diastolic BP, pre: 82.1±1.6 mmHg vs. post: 76.5±1.7 mmHg, p-value=0.003, and pulse pressure, pre: 59.7±3.7 vs. post: 54.0±4.0 mmHg, p-value=0.031). However, the study demonstrated that ABI, resting heart rate and body mass index were not affected by the exercise.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 8 weeks of the arm-swing exercise could lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This simple physical activity could also reduce CAVI values in older adults.

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