Investigation of flagellates in sandfly guts by microscopic observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Laboratory Maintenance

Abstract Background The identification of natural Leishmania infection, observing the location of flagellates in the gut and development stages of promastigotes, helps to incriminate a certain species as vector and to assess the infection risk in host populations, thus contributing with leishmaniasis surveillance. Objectives To document with photos, videos and description of the dissection process of sandfly females for observation in their digestive tract of Leishmania infections of Leishmania and Viannia subgenera (suprapillary and peripillary distribution, respectively), to produce a manual to assist in leishmaniasis surveillance actions. Methods For the documentation of suprapillary infection, Lutzomyia longipalpis females fed on hamsters infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum and for peripillary infection, Pintomyia fischeri and Nyssomyia neivai fed on hamsters infected with L (V.) braziliensis were used. The dissection of the females was performed at intervals of 12 hours after infectious repast, until completing 120 hours, to observe the different phases of the parasite's evolutionary cycle in the gut. Results A manual was produced with description and photos of the entire process, from field sandfly collection, transportation, laboratory maintenance and dissection, as well as the complete cycle of the parasite's evolution inside the vector. Videos were also produce. Conclusions This project sought to contribute with the leishmaniasis surveillance as regards the sandfly natural infection investigation by Leishmania to assess the transmission risk of parasites. Although the identification of the Leishmania species depends on molecular techniques, this initial screening may reduce its costs. Key messages This study enabled the elaboration of a support manual for technicians from the Entomology laboratory networks. This study enabled with information to identify infected sandflies and thus colaborate with the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance programs.

scholarly journals Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cezar do Nascimento ◽  
Byanca Regina de Paiva ◽  
Rosely dos Santos Malafronte ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania in phlebotomine females in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Antonio João county in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Between June and October 2003, the digestive tracts of 81 females captured in Aldeia Campestre, Aldeia Marangatu and Povoado Campestre were dissected. The females were separated by species, location, area and date of capture into 13 groups and kept in ethanol 70%. To identify the Leishmania species using the PCR technique, amplifications of the ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) and mini-exon genes were analyzed. Of the 81 specimens, 77 (95%) were Lutzomyia longipalpis, making this the most common species; only one specimen of each of the species Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia lenti and Nyssomyia whitmani was found. Trypanosomatids were identified in eight of the nine groups of Lutzomyia longipalpis (10.39%) one group from Aldeia Campestre, one from Aldeia Marangatu and six from Povoado Campestre; of the eight groups, one from Aldeia Marangatu and another, with promastigotes forms also confirmed by dissection (1.23%) from Povoado Campestre, were identified by PCR as Leishmania chagasi (2.6%). The other groups gave negative results. These findings indicate that there is a high risk of leishmaniasis transmission in this area.

Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane V Lopes ◽  
Erika M Michalsky ◽  
Nathalia C L Pereira ◽  
Adão J V de Paula ◽  
Fabiana O Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

scholarly journals Sand fly captures with Disney traps in area of occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros Dorval ◽  
Tulia Peixoto Alves ◽  
Geucira Cristaldo ◽  
Hilda Carlos da Rocha ◽  
Murilo Andrade Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

INTRODUCTION: The work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of Bela Vista, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The captures were conducted with modified Disney traps, using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait, from May 2004 to January 2006. RESULTS: Ten species of phlebotomine sandflies were captured: Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The two predominant species were Ev bourrouli (57.3%) and Bi flaviscutellata (41.4%), present at all sampling sites. Two of the 36 hamsters used as bait presented natural infection with Leishmania. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results revealed the efficiency of Disney traps for capturing Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and the simultaneous presence of both vector and the Leishmania species transmitted by the same can be considered a predictive factor of the occurrence of leishmaniasis outbreaks for the human population that occupies the location.

scholarly journals Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Fabricio Kassio Moura Santos ◽  
Lindemberg Caranha de Sousa ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. However, the absence of L. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous VL demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. Studies conducted in La Banda, Argentina, and São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco State, Brazil, have correlated the absence of L. longipalpisand the presence of L. migonei with autochthonous cases of VL. In São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, there was evidence for the natural infection of L. migonei with Leishmania infantum chagasi. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ecology of the sand flies L. longipalpis and L. migonei in Fortaleza, an endemic area for VL. Insect capture was conducted at 22 sampling points distributed across four regions of Fortaleza. In total, 32,403 sand flies were captured; of these, 18,166 (56%) were identified as L. longipalpis and 14,237 (44%) as L. migonei. There were significant density differences found between the vectors at each sampling site (indoors and outdoors) (p <0.0001). These findings confirm that L. migonei and L. longipalpis are distributed throughout Fortaleza, where they have adapted to an indoor environment, and suggest that L. migonei may share the role as a vector with L. longipalpis in the transmission of VL in Fortaleza.

scholarly journals Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The State ◽  
High Index ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

scholarly journals DISTINCT CELLULAR MIGRATION INDUCED BY Leishmania infantum chagasi AND SALIVA FROM Lutzomyia longipalpis IN A HEMORRHAGIC POOL MODEL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Zirlane C. Branco Coelho ◽  
Cristina de Souza Chaves ◽  
Clarissa Romero Teixeira ◽  
Margarida M. Lima Pompeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Air Pouch ◽  
Leukocyte Accumulation ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

Recruitment of a specific cell population after Leishmania infection can influence the outcome of the disease. Cellular migration in response to Leishmania or vector saliva has been reported in air pouch model, however, cellular migration induced by Leishmania associated with host's blood and vector saliva in this model has not been described. Herein we investigated cellular migration into air pouch of hamster after stimulation with combination of L. chagasi and host's blood and Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva. Migration induced by saliva was 3-fold more than those induced by L. chagasi alone. Additionally, L. chagasi associated with blood and saliva induced significantly even more leukocytes into air pouch than Leishmania alone. L. chagasi recruited a diverse cell population; however, most of these cells seem to have not migrated to the inflammatory exudate, remaining in the pouch lining tissue. These results indicate that L. chagasi can reduce leukocyte accumulation to the initial site of infection, and when associated with vector saliva in the presence of blood components, increase the influx of more neutrophils than macrophages, suggesting that the parasite has developed a strategy to minimize the initial inflammatory response, allowing an unlimited progression within the host. This work reinforces the importance of studies on the salivary components of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis in the transmission process and the establishment of the infection.

scholarly journals Effects of Leishmania Species on Immune Response against Malaria Parasite in Malaria Leishmania Coinfections

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad ◽  
Sufian Khalid M. Noor ◽  
Awadalla H. Kashif ◽  
Mohammed Medani Eltayeb ◽  
Bader Saud Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Class

Both malaria and leishmania  are most widespread protozoon parasitic diseases, certainly in tropical countries of the world. Malaria leishmania coinfection is common in leishmaniasis endemic areas which is mostly endemic to malaria too. Researchers notice that in cases of malaria leishmania coinfection , leishmania species find the some extent the outcome of malaria infection , but also behavior of malaria parasite species play a significant role to figure the consequences of it. While L. donovani protect from severe malaria complications by suppression of major histocompatibility class Ⅱ , so it diminish the clinical severity of malaria but not malaria parasite density due to dysfunction of major histocompatibility class I, which controlled by suppressed one, In another side L. mexicana tends to sequester in macrophages and lead to severe clinical outcomes when it coexisted with malaria parasite at same host. Experimental studies required to know more information about coinfection of different malaria and leishmania species to establish clinical research. Leishmania infection excluded when studies aim to assess the immune response to only malaria parasite, experimental studies required involving different species of malaria and leishmania.

scholarly journals Visceral Leishmaniasis and Natural Infection Rates of Leishmania in Lutzomyia longipalpis in Latin America

10.5772/65787 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani ◽  
Fabiana A. Andrade ◽  
Maria R.P.A. Tizzot ◽  
Magda C.V. Costa-Ribeiro ◽  
Marcia H. Beltrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Infection Rates

scholarly journals DETECTION OF Leishmania (Viannia) IN Nyssomyia neivai AND Nyssomyia whitmani BY MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu ◽  
Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro ◽  
Mateus Sabaini Venazzi ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
Alessandra de Cassia Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Sandflies transmit pathogens of leishmaniasis. The natural infection of sandflies by Leishmania (Viannia) was assessed in municipalities, in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil. Sandflies were collected with Falcão and Shannon traps. After dissection in search of flagellates in digestive tubes and identification of the species, female sandflies were submitted to the Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex PCR) for detection of the fragment of the kDNA of Leishmania (Viannia) and the fragment from the IVS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects. The analysis was performed in pools containing seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. A total of 510 female sandflies were analyzed, including nine Migonemyia migonei, 17 Pintomyia fischeri, 216 Nyssomyia neivai, and 268 Nyssomyia whitmani. Although none of the females was found naturally infected by flagellates through dissection, the fragment of DNA from Leishmania (Viannia) was shown by multiplex PCR in one sample of Ny. neivai (0.46%) and three samples of Ny. whitmani (1.12%). It was concluded that Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani are susceptible to Leishmania infection, and that multiplex PCR can be used in epidemiological studies to detect the natural infection of the sandfly vector, because of its sensitivity, specificity and feasibility.

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