scholarly journals Social cohesion as a mechanism behind neighbourhood effects on mental or physical health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kress ◽  
O Razum ◽  
K A Zolitschka ◽  
J Breckenkamp ◽  
O Sauzet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics

Abstract Background The neighbourhood where an individual resides have become a relevant element in the study of health inequalities. While there is substantial evidence that environmental factors affect health, far less evidence of the hypothesised role of social mechanisms in the causal chain between neighbourhood characteristics and health is available. Methods Using data from the longitudinal German SOEP panel, we built measures of perceived neighbourhood characteristics and a measure of social cohesion for participant living in urban areas. Participants were included in a longitudinal cohort of 4 year observation time starting in 2004. Using linear regression models, we tested the role of social cohesion as a mediator between the neighbourhood characteristics at baseline and a health outcome (mental and physical component of the SF-12) at the end of follow-up adjusted for socio-economic variables. Results For the 4 year follow-up 10 665 participants were included. There was no evidence of a mediation effect of our measure of social cohesion between geographical or institutional characteristics and physical health. The effect of social cohesion on mental health was 2.03 ([1.44, 2.59]) and on physical health 1.78 ([1.27, 2.29]). Social cohesion mediated associations between biological (17%, 11%) or built (11%, 14%) characteristics and both physical and mental health and association between institutional characteristics and mental health (7%). Discussion We found evidence for a possible role of social cohesion in the pathway between neighbourhood characteristics and health. Only perceived characteristics have been used in this work and the respective role of objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood characteristics should be further investigated. Moreover, validated measures of social cohesion should be developed. Key messages The perception of social cohesion mediates the effect of specific perceived characteristics of neighbourhood on mental and physical health. Interventions seeking to improve social cohesion in neighbourhoods might have positive consequences on the health and wellbeing of inhabitants.

scholarly journals Progress After Placement

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Harriet Ward ◽  
Lynne Moggach ◽  
Susan Tregeagle ◽  
Helen Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Adult Adoptees

AbstractThe chapter explores the progress made by the 93 adoptees in the core follow-up sample in terms of physical and mental health and education from the time they entered their adoptive homes until they were followed up, on average 18 years later. It draws on data collected through responses to an online survey concerning 93 adoptees (44% of the cohort) completed at follow-up, and interviews focusing on 24 adult adoptees. On entering their placements, 40% of adoptees were developmentally delayed; 13% had poor physical health; 38% were in poor mental health. Emotional and behavioural problems affected their academic progress; 76% required specialist help. After placement, 74% improved in physical health, 66% in mental health and 68% in academic performance. The challenges faced by adoptive parents provide a powerful case for careful preparation and long-term post-adoption support.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN CHANGING THE HEALTH-PROMOTING EFFECT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT: A COMMUNITY SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S278-S279
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y M Tang ◽  
Cheryl Chui ◽  
Tuen Yi Chiu ◽  
Rebecca Chiu ◽  
Vivian W Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous research that studies the impact of built environment on health often attribute the enabling effects of environment on physical activity participation and opportunities for social interaction. Few studies have explored how the role of subjective feeling, such as the feeling of connectedness with the community, affects the association between built environment and physical and mental health. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 2,247 residents aged 50 years or above in five districts in Hong Kong. We tested the mediation effect of sense of community in the relationship between physical environment and health using the path analysis. We administered a questionnaire to assess the residents’ perceived age-friendliness of outdoor spaces and buildings in the district. We used the Brief Sense of Community Scale and the 12-item Short-form Health Survey to measure sense of community and physical and mental health. We found that age-friendliness of outdoor spaces was modestly correlated with mental health (r = 0.10, P < 0.001) but not with physical health (r = 0.02, P = 0.4), whereas age-friendliness of buildings correlated with both (r = 0.05, P = 0.01; r = 0.06, P = 0.004). Sense of community mediated 25.9% of the total effect between outdoor space and physical health, 20.4% between outdoor space and mental health, and 42.5% between service and building on physical health. To conclude, sense of community was a partial mediator of the environment-health relationship. Future design of built environment should take into consideration its potential influence on sense of community and health.

The role of communication and coping in emerging adults’ serial arguments with parents

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Gaze ◽  
Rachel M. Reznik ◽  
Courtney Waite Miller ◽  
Michael E. Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Over Time

When individuals cannot resolve a disagreement in a single episode, the argument is likely to reoccur over time resulting in a serial argument. Prior research on serial arguing has shown that engaging in hostile communication during episodes and taking a resigned stance after episodes is detrimental to one’s physical health. This study investigates the mechanisms by which hostile communication and taking a resigned stance lead to negative outcomes in a sample of emerging adults. Mutual hostility is related to physical and mental health symptoms and this relationship is mediated by the degree to which the participants feel hyperaroused. Taking a resigned stance toward a serial argument with one’s parent is related to health symptoms and this relationship is mediated by the participants’ rumination after argumentative episodes.

scholarly journals An Overview and Proposed Research Framework for Studying Co-Occurring Mental- and Physical-Health Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hagerty ◽  
Jarrod M. Ellingson ◽  
Timothy B. Helmuth ◽  
L. Cinnamon Bidwell ◽  
Kent E. Hutchison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Mental- and physical-health conditions co-occur at a rate much higher than chance. Of patients who have a mental-health condition, more than half also have a physical disease, and these cases are associated with increased human suffering and societal cost. Comorbidity research to date has focused on co-occurring mental- and physical-health disorders separately, and relatively little research has examined the co-occurrence of mental- and physical-health dysfunction. In addition, even less is known about why mental- and physical-health dysfunction co-occurs or how to treat these cases. Thus, the aims of this article are to highlight the need for research at the intersection of physical- and mental-health dysfunction and to provide guidance on how to research cases of comorbidity. Toward these ends, we begin by presenting a selective overview of the possible role of biological processes in the co-occurrence of physical- and mental-health dysfunction using specific illustrative examples. Specifically, we outline how biological processes within the immune system and gastrointestinal system could underlie depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and their co-occurrence. We then advance and discuss a proposed research framework, including methodological and analytic guidance, that researchers could use when studying the phenomenon of co-occurring physical- and mental-health dysfunction.

The use of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for a patient with multi-morbidity: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Walshe ◽  
Chris Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Booster Sessions

Abstract Multi-morbidity, having more than two diagnosed health conditions, is becoming increasingly common within healthcare services. Approximately one third of these patients are likely to have a mental health condition. Those with multi-morbidity with physical and mental health conditions have poorer outcomes in terms of their health, increased mortality rates, and higher usage of healthcare services. This paper presents a case of a patient with multi-morbidity, with associated mental health conditions of anxiety and depression. She was seen as part of an integrated service which provides psychological support at home alongside the nursing team. The intervention used was based on transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (tCBT), provided over nine initial sessions and two additional booster sessions. Self-report measures were completed at intervals throughout the intervention and at follow-up. Improvements on the depression and anxiety measures were seen over the initial nine sessions, followed by a relapse at the 3-month follow-up. This was the result of a deterioration in physical health which led to a deterioration in mental health. The booster sessions mitigated further deterioration in mental health, despite the physical health worsening during this time. This case suggests that tCBT can be helpful in reducing anxiety and depression in people with multi-morbidity. However, additional booster sessions may be required as further physical deterioration can re-trigger core beliefs and result in further mental health problems. Key learning aims (1) Transdiagnostic CBT can be beneficial for patients with multi-morbidity. (2) Integrated care addressing both physical and mental health problems is beneficial for people with multi-morbidity. (3) Monitoring deterioration in physical health is important, as this has an impact on mental health and may need addressing through psychological support. (4) Formulation for people with multi-morbidity needs to include mental and physical health factors and their interaction.

scholarly journals Couple relationships and health: The role of the individual’s and the partner’s education

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-2019) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Johannes Stauder ◽  
Ingmar Rapp ◽  
Thomas Klein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Relationship

A positive correlation between couple relationships and health is well established. However, recent studies indicate that the beneficial effects of couple relationships on health vary substantially according to the characteristics of the relationship and of the partners involved. The present paper examines to what extent partnership effects on physical and mental health differ based on the individual’s education, the partner’s education and educational homogamy between partners. Our database is the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period of 2002 to 2016. Based on fixed effects analysis, our results show that a highly educated partner is more beneficial for mental and physical health than a partner with low education. In contrast, the effects of partnerships on health do not depend on whether the partners have same or different educational levels. The results also indicate that partnership effects on health depend on mate choice and on the potential to find a highly educated partner. Education-specific partnership effects on mental health are more prevalent for women, and effects on physical health are more prevalent for men.

When death strikes early as often will: How counsellors and schools can support grieving pupils and students

2021 ◽  
pp. 136548022199684
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Wango ◽  
Leila Mkameli Gwiyo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Death Of Parent

Death is inevitable and universal, and the corona virus disease has only further intensified a world of uncertainties as a result of frequent accidents, HIV/AIDS, cancer and natural disasters. Bereavement after any death is a potentially disruptive life event with consequences in physical and mental health, relationships and social functioning. Death is a rather odd, thought-provoking and challenging experience, particularly in the lives of children and adolescents. Death of parent/s, sibling, relative/s, teacher, classmate or friend is a relatively new and challenging phenomenon. Persons working with pupils and students, including teachers, counsellors, school chaplain and social workers, need to be prepared to offer help to those who experience bereavement. Death is unpredictable and may occur naturally, suddenly, or traumatically. In several instances, help is sometimes required in advance of bereavement in that the death may be anticipated such as instances of prolonged illness or following a fatal accident. In all cases, the role of the teacher and counsellor in the school is pivotal in supporting pupils and students who have been bereaved. This paper highlights the need to impart post-traumatic growth in bereft pupils and students in schools in order to cope with bereavement.

The plague in Moscow in 1771 and a new coronavirus infection: what they have in common

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Leonid Anatolievich Denisov ◽  
Mikhail Sergeevich Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to a historical event that occurred 250 years ago in Moscow. The authors draw analogies between the plague epidemic and the current situation associated with a new coronavirus infection, and note what unites these events. It shows the dedicated work of doctors in the conditions of complete ambiguity of the causes and spread of these infections, in the absence of effective treatment methods, what was the behavior of the population, how prevention measures were developed, and what is the role of the authorities of Moscow and St. Petersburg in the fight. How the state of medical science and the level of health care, referred to by economists as the non — material sphere, can affect the physical and mental health of the population and the economic situation of the city, country and the whole World.

Relationship Between Extracurricular Occupations and Health in College Students: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512505178p1-7512505178p1
Author(s):  
Buwen Yao ◽  
Sandy Takata ◽  
Shawn C. Roll
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. We examined the relationships between participation in different extracurricular activities and the overall physical and mental health in college students across a 2-year period. Participation in certain occupations was associated with positive mental health, whereas other occupations were linked to poorer physical health. Exploration and promotion of participation in extracurricular occupations should be considered to support student health. Primary Author and Speaker: Buwen Yao Contributing Authors: Sandy Takata, Shawn C. Roll

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