scholarly journals The survival of blown pack spoilage associated Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass

FEMS Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden Esteves ◽  
Paul Whyte ◽  
Tanushree B Gupta ◽  
Declan Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Model System ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Subsequent Opening

Abstract Blown pack spoilage (BPS) of vacuum packaged primals, caused by Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes, is a serious issue for the beef industry. There are multiple sources of these bacteria on beef farms, including grass and associated feed preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of C. estertheticum and C. gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass and the subsequent opening of the silos. Grass, harvested from fields, with and without cattle slurry amendment, was inoculated with approximately 100 spores g–1 and ensiled using a laboratory (silo) model system at 20°C in the dark. Adding formic acid or sucrose resulted in 6 treatment combination as follows; no slurry (NS), no slurry plus formic acid (NSFA), no slurry plus sucrose (NSS), slurry (S), slurry plus formic acid (SFA) and slurry plus sucrose (SS). During the silage fermentation, samples were removed periodically and tested for C. estertheticum, C. gasigenes, total viable, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. The pH, ethanol, volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were also monitored throughout the experiment. C. estertheticum did not survive the ensiling process, regardless of treatment. In contrast, C. gasigenes grew in the early stages and was detected during the entirety of the fermentation for all treatments. Based on these observations, it was concluded that the silage fermentation process described would not remove C. gasigenes and contaminated grass may result in contaminated feed for animals.

scholarly journals Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Silage Inoculants by Using a Model System of Silage Fermentation

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Tanaka ◽  
Hidetoshi Kimura ◽  
Eiji Takahashi ◽  
Seiya Ogata ◽  
Sadahiro Ohmomo
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Model System ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Silage Inoculants

INFLUENCE OF FORMIC ACID AND FORMALIN ON THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACID IN DIRECT-CUT ALFALFA SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
J. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Forage Harvester

Early bloom alfalfa (Medicago sativa cult Saranac), at 22.5% dry matter, was harvested with a forage harvester. Formic acid (85% solution) and formalin (37.5% solution) and various combinations of mixtures were applied to the forage on a fresh weight basis at rates of 0.33, 0.50, and 0.66%. A sample of the treated material was ensiled in test tube silos fitted with fermentation locks. At various time intervals, analyses were made to follow the patterns of organic acid production. In untreated silage, the pH dropped to 4.3 with high lactic acid production, but after 39 days, the pH began to rise as lactic acid was degraded by Clostridia. Formic acid at 0.33 and 0.50% delayed but did not prevent either lactic acid production or subsequent degradation. Formic acid (0.66%) and all rates of formalin depressed lactic acid production. The production of butyric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids was depressed to low levels only at the 0.66% rate of treatments. Formic acid was more effective than formalin in depressing volatile fatty acids. The formic–formalin mixtures gave results intermediate to separate applications of formic acid and formalin for all parameters analyzed.

Evaluation of a silage additive based on granular sulphuric acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
A H Breeze
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Silage Fermentation

Additives based on acids, have been widely used. Rather than encouraging latic acid fermentation, these act by partially, or completely, inhibiting microbial growth. With continuing concern over the safety aspects of these products, many farmers have tried inoculants, which encourage a lactic acid fermentation. However, in good silage making conditions, inoculants like other additives have not shown any consistent benefits in terms of silage fermentation or intakes. In poor silage making conditions, the industry still relies on tried and tested acid products to ensure adequate preservation of silage.A new granular additive is now being evaluated. Its use is not to supress fermentation, but to supplement the natural fermentation by the addition of 1500 g/kg of sulphuric acid. This study was carried out to compare this additive with an untreated control and a positive control, formic acid.

Investigation of direct gas production from silage fermentation acids

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 64-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Anaerobic Medium

During ensilage readily fermentable organic matter (OM) is fermented to lactic acid and short chain volatile fatty acids (VFA). These acids provide little energy as ATP for rumen microbial growth and are essentially absorbed intact. The UK metabolisable protein system defined the energy available for microbial growth, termed fermentable metabolisable energy (FME), as the proportion of metabolisable energy (ME) in a diet/feed less the ME in oil and fermentation acids. The aim was to establish if fermentation acids yield direct gas production resulting from microbial fermentation. Grass silage was simulated using grass hay (GH; containing no fermentation acids) with additions of individual fermentation acids in solution.GH (~2 kg) was oven-dried overnight at 100°C, nulled (1 mm screen) and then sieved (25 μm screen). 0.5 g GH was weighed into 250 ml Duran bottles according to the treatments; 1) GH + anaerobic incubation mixture (AIM, 85/15 v/v anaerobic medium and strained rumen fluid) + ~5 ml distilled water; 2) GH + AIM + ~5 ml fermentation acid solution (100 mg DL-lactic acid (LA)/10 ml, 30 mg acetic acid (AA)/10 ml or 20 mg n-butyric acid (BA)/10 ml) (equivalent to 100, 30 and 20 mg/g GH dry matter (DM) for LA, AA and BA respectively); 3) anaerobic medium (85 ml) + 15 ml clarified rumen fluid + ~5 ml fermentation acid (as treatment (2)).

Investigation of direct gas production from silage fermentation acids

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Anaerobic Medium

During ensilage readily fermentable organic matter (OM) is fermented to lactic acid and short chain volatile fatty acids (VFA). These acids provide little energy as ATP for rumen microbial growth and are essentially absorbed intact. The UK metabolisable protein system defined the energy available for microbial growth, termed fermentable metabolisable energy (FME), as the proportion of metabolisable energy (ME) in a diet/feed less the ME in oil and fermentation acids. The aim was to establish if fermentation acids yield direct gas production resulting from microbial fermentation. Grass silage was simulated using grass hay (GH; containing no fermentation acids) with additions of individual fermentation acids in solution.GH (~2 kg) was oven-dried overnight at 100°C, nulled (1 mm screen) and then sieved (25 μm screen). 0.5 g GH was weighed into 250 ml Duran bottles according to the treatments; 1) GH + anaerobic incubation mixture (AIM, 85/15 v/v anaerobic medium and strained rumen fluid) + ~5 ml distilled water; 2) GH + AIM + ~5 ml fermentation acid solution (100 mg DL-lactic acid (LA)/10 ml, 30 mg acetic acid (AA)/10 ml or 20 mg n-butyric acid (BA)/10 ml) (equivalent to 100, 30 and 20 mg/g GH dry matter (DM) for LA, AA and BA respectively); 3) anaerobic medium (85 ml) + 15 ml clarified rumen fluid + ~5 ml fermentation acid (as treatment (2)).

Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from alfalfa for silage fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxia Li ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
Yanli Lin ◽  
Fuyu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Silage Fermentation

Effect of Ensilage of Rye Treated with Formic Acid and Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Jayeon Kim ◽  
◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Geumhwi Bang ◽  
Soonwoo Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

Roles of Micro-Aeration on Enhancing Volatile Fatty Acids and Lactic Acid Production from Swine Manure and Corn Silage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qitao Cao ◽  
Wanqin Zhang ◽  
Tianjing Lian ◽  
Shunli Wang ◽  
Fubin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Corn Silage

Determination of soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in soils and biological media

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Subrahmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Biological Media ◽  
Factors Affecting

Methods for extraction, concentration and determination of minute quantities of soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids have been described. Different factors affecting the accuracy of the determinations have been studied and corrections, where necessary, have been suggested.

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