Efficacy of Clonal Propagation in Andaman Padauk (Pterocarpus dalbergioides): Augmenting Conservation of an Endemic Ornamental Timber Species of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyyappan Jaisankar ◽  
R Jayakumara Varadan ◽  
S Vijayakumar ◽  
Nitiprasad Namdeorao Jambhulkar ◽  
Bosco Augustine Jerard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Coir Dust

Abstract The population of Andaman padauk (Pterocarpus dalbergioides Roxb.), an endemic ornamental timber species, is fast depleting in the Andaman Islands. Afforestation through seedlings is hindered by low germination and high mortality rates. This study attempts to assess the efficacy of clonal propagation methods to hasten mass multiplication by trying out different combinations of growth hormones, concentration, and dipping duration in semi-hardwood stem cuttings and different combinations of growth hormone concentration and substrate in air layering. Dipping the cuttings in indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 1,500 ppm for 24 hours and spraying the modified stem-cut layers with IBA 2,000 ppm and binding with top soil and decomposed coir dust turned out to be the best treatment combination for cutting and air layering, respectively. Among the considered factors, the concentration of growth hormone is crucial for cutting, as the performance is enhanced with concentration under a given growth hormone and dipping duration. Similarly, the substrate is crucial for air layering, as modified stem-cut air layers bound with top soil and decomposed coir dust not only achieve the best performance, but also catalyze IBA for further improvement when other substrates remain unresponsive. Successful outcome of both clonal propagation techniques gives hope for disseminating the species across the tropics at global level. Study Implications: Low germination and high mortality render propagation of Pterocarpus dalbergioides through seeds inefficient. This study has revealed an optimal combination of growth hormone and its concentration, dipping duration, and substrate to efficiently propagate this tree through stem cutting and air layering. The findings will help disseminate the highly valuable yet endangered timber species not only in its natural habitat of Andaman Islands but across the globe where there are favorable climatic conditions. As all the species under the pantropical Pterocarpus genus share similar growth and reproductive traits, the optimized treatment combination will be applicable to other species whose existence is threatened in their habitat.

scholarly journals Clonal Propagation ofKhaya senegalensis: The Effects of Stem Length, Leaf Area, Auxins, Smoke Solution, and Stockplant Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ky-Dembele ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Jules Bayala ◽  
Patrice Savadogo ◽  
Issaka Joseph Boussim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings

Khaya senegalensisis a multipurpose African timber species. The development of clonal propagation could improve plantation establishment, which is currently impeded by mahogany shoot borer. To examine its potential for clonal propagation, the effects of cutting length, leaf area, stockplant maturation, auxin, and smoke solution treatments were investigated. Leafy cuttings rooted well (up to 80%) compared to leafless cuttings (0%). Cuttings taken from seedlings rooted well (at least 95%), but cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly (5% maximum). The rooting ability of cuttings collected from older trees was improved (16% maximum) by pollarding. Auxin application enhanced root length and the number of roots while smoke solution did not improve cuttings' rooting ability. These results indicate that juvenileK. senegalensisis amenable to clonal propagation, but further work is required to improve the rooting of cuttings from mature trees.

scholarly journals Douglas-fir provenance phenology observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lavadinović ◽  
Vasilije Isajev ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Vladan Popović ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractLavadinović V., Isajev V., Rakonjac L., Popović V., Lučić A.: Douglas-fir provenance phenology observations. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 376-382, 2013.Introduction of species involves adaptation, productivity and success in new types of environmental conditions. The introduction also includes confirmation to bring in only species which are superior on their natural habitat. In Canada and western North America, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Mirb./Franco) is one of the most ecologically and economically value trees. In Europe, New Zealand, Australia and Chile, Douglas fir is important as an exotic fast-growing timber species. Douglas fir has one of the widest natural ranges of any tree species, extending from the Pacific Coast to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains and from 19°N in Mexico to 55°N in western Canada. In Serbia, from the original seeds introduced from British Columbia and Canada, the experimental Douglas-fir provenance is established in a few locations. One of the main dangers for the Douglas fir is its sensitivity to the occurrence of late frost in spring and early occurrence of frost in the autumn. The aim of the paper is to test the effect of environment on the expression of Douglas-fir seed transfer. Bud burst phenology is closely related to genecology of introduced species. Douglas fir is susceptible to cold climate and most of its genetic structure and ability depends on its ecological adaptability. In order to avoid errors introduction of Douglas-fir provenances that are sensitive to the occurrence of extreme temperature, applied are researching for buds phenological changes Douglas fir, as an introduced species, has to be tested at the provenance level before its introduction to the new sites in Serbia.

scholarly journals Teknik sambung mikro in vitro kina Cinchona succirubra dengan C. ledgeriana In vitro micrografting technique of Chincona succirubra and C. ledgeriana

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
. LUKMAN ◽  
. AGUS-PURWITO
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
In Vitro Micrografting ◽  
Cinchona Ledgeriana

Summary In vitro micrografting is a technique for grafting scions to rootstocks of plantlets from tissue culture. In vitro micrografting of Cinchona plant has never been carried out. The objective of this research was to obtain the best method of in vitro micrografting, medium for micrografted plantlets, and acclimatization  for Cinchona plantlets from  micrografting. The research consisted of (i) optimization of micrografting method, (ii) optimization of medium for growing plantlets, and (iii) acclimatization of micrografted plantlet. Plantlets of four-month-old of  C. ledgeriana  QRC clone were used as  scions, while of C. succirubra as  rootstocks. Each of experiments was arranged according to Completely Randomized Design, consisted of  combination of scion and rootstock and type of micro-grafting with 10 replicates. Parameters measured were  the percentage of survived plantlet, leaf number, and callus productions on union area, and percentage of survived  plantlet. The results show that V type of micrografting was the best for Cinchona micrografting. MS medium with the addition of 3 mg/L IBA was the best medium for growing of micrografted plantlet. Husk charcoal mixed with top soil (1 : 1) was the best medium for acclimatization.  Acclimatization  consisted  of two steps: preaclimatization in a culture room with 12- hour photoperiod at temperature 25 – 27oC  for two weeks,  followed by aclimatization in a plastic house with  70% reduced light intensity for one month. Using this method, 90% of the seedlings were survived. It is concluded that in vitro micrografting can be used as a technique for clonal propagation of Cinchona sp.Ringkasan  Teknik sambung mikro (mikrografting) in vitro adalah teknik penyambungan potongan batang atas pada batang bawah dalam kultur jaringan.  Pada tanaman kina teknik sambung mikro  in vitro belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  menetapkan tipe sambung mikro, medium terbaik untuk planlet hasil sambung  mikro, dan perbanyakan tanaman kina dengan sambung mikro. Pelaksanaan percobaan meliputi (i) optimasi tipe sambung, (ii) optimasi  medium, dan (iii) aklimatisasi planlet hasil sambung mikro. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan sebagai batang atas adalah planlet Cinchona ledgeriana klon QRC, sedangkan sebagai batang bawah digunakan planlet  C. succirubra, berumur empat bulan. Masing- masing percobaan disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu  kombinasi batang bawah dengan batang atas bentuk sambung tipe V dan L dilakukan  dengan 10 ulangan. Peubah yang diukur meliputi persentase planlet yang bertahan hidup,  jumlah daun,  berkalus atau tidak berkalus pada daerah pertautan, dan persentase planlet yang bertahan hidup. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tipe V merupakan cara sambung  mikro  yang terbaik. Medium MS dengan penambahan 3 mg/L IBA adalah medium terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan perakaran planlet hasil sambung mikro.  Aklimatisasi planlet dilakukan dengan medium tumbuh arang sekam : top soil (1 : 1) yang disterilkan. Tahapan aklimatisasi adalah pre-aklimatisasi dalam ruang kultur  suhu 25 -     27 oCdengan pencahayaan 12 jam per hari dan diikuti dengan aklimatisasi di rumah plastik bernaungan 70% paranet. Dengan metode aklimatisasi ini  90% dari bibit mampu bertahan hidup. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik sambung mikro dapat digunakan untuk perbanyakan klonal   Cinchona sp..

scholarly journals Maxent modelling for habitat suitability of vulnerable tree Dalbergia latifolia in Nepal

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Mahatara ◽  
Amul Acharya ◽  
Bishnu Dhakal ◽  
Dipesh Sharma ◽  
Sunita Ulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Prediction ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Jackknife Test ◽  
Maxent Model

Roxb., commonly known as rosewood, is one of the highly valuable tropical timber species of Nepal. The tree species was widely distributed in the past, however, over-exploitation of natural habitat, deforestation, forest conversion for agriculture, illegal logging and the invasion of alien species resulted in the classification of this species as vulnerable by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) category. So, the prediction of habitat suitability and potential distribution of the species is required to develop restoration mechanisms and conservation interventions. In this study, we modelled the suitable habitat of over the entire possible range of Nepal using a Maxent model. We compiled 23 environmental variables (19 bioclimatic, 3 topographic and a vegetative layer), however, only 12 least correlated variables along with 43 spatially representative presence locations were retained for model prediction. We used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the model’s performance and a Jackknife procedure to evaluate the relative importance of predictor variables. The model was statistically significant with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.969. The internal Jackknife test indicated that elevation was the most important variable for the model prediction with 71.3% contribution followed by mean temperature of driest quarter (9.8%). The most (>0.6) suitable habitat for the was 235 484 hectares with large sections of area in two provinces whereas, the western most provinces were not suitable for as per Maxent model. The information presented here can provide a framework for nature conservation planning, monitoring and habitat management of this rare and endangered species.Dalbergia latifoliaD. latifoliaD. latifoliaD. latifolia

Response of guava (Psidium guajava L.) softwood cuttings to paclobutrazol application in different rooting media

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Rashad Qadri ◽  
M Tahir Akram ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Numrah Nisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Rooting Media

The scope of clonal propagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) by soft wood cuttings collected from mature plant is described. The most successful media among those traditionally used and to identify promising alternatives was determined. Soft wood cuttings were done to determine the most successful medium and Paclobutrazol (PBZ) hormone concentration. Guava soft wood cuttings were treated with 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/l PBZ solution and planted in three different rooting media (sand, silt and top soil) and rooted in low-tunnel. The cuttings were allowed to grow under low-tunnel for three months to assess the rooting capability and shooting competency. The study revealed that the species has a great potential for clonal propagation through soft wood cuttings.

scholarly journals Field Study of Gregarious Flowering and Use of ENM in Conservation Strategies for Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz in Andaman Islands (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (06) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Pushpa Kumari ◽  
Reshma Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Gregarious Flowering

Gregarious flowering in bamboo species is a periodic event which affects the habitat’s ecology, since the whole population die within same time frame.  The phenomenon sets effects on the social economy too as bamboo is one of the most important natural resources people depends on. In this paper gregarious flowering and mass seeding in Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz, an economically important bamboo species of Andaman Islands have been reported with effective conservation strategies to balance the population in natural habitat. This also includes the description, illustration, photo plates of the species for the easy identification, the ENM map based on the GPS data collected for the distribution area and data relevant to traditional and economic uses of the species. This study more importantly shows the application of ENM for the identification of suitable sites for field reintroduction of the seedlings in natural habitats aimed at their better growth and survival.

scholarly journals Trench Layering as a Method of Clonally Propagating Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 890B-890
Author(s):  
Sheri B. Crabtree* ◽  
Kirk W. Pomper ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Root Tree ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The U.S

The pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is the largest fruit native to the U.S. and has potential as a new fruit crop. Few methods are available to clonally propagate pawpaw, with grafting or budding onto a seedling rootstock being the only currently feasible method. Developing new options for clonal propagation of pawpaw could help advance this growing industry. Layering has been used to clonally propagate other difficult to root tree species. The objective of this study was to examine trench layering as a method to clonally propagate pawpaw. A randomized factorial experiment was implemented to examine the roles of plant juvenility and auxin concentration on rooting in a greenhouse trench layering system. Seedlings were defoliated, tipped, and transplanted into trench layering beds at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after emergence. Shoots were etiolated, then girdled and treated with three levels of IBA (0, 5000, and 10,000 ppm). The main effects of age and IBA concentration significantly affected the percentage of shoots producing roots. Juvenility enhanced rooting, with 15% of the shoots of the 3-week-old pawpaw seedlings producing roots, compared to only about 5% of the 12-week-old seedlings rooting. Auxin application to shoots also promoted rooting, with 16% of IBA-treated shoots producing roots, compared to the untreated control, with only 2% of shoots producing roots. There was no significant difference in rooting percentage between the two concentrations of IBA. The treatment combination most successful at promoting root initiation was 10,000 ppm IBA applied to shoots of 3-week-old seedlings, with 31% of shoots rooting.

Thyroid Emergencies part 1: Thyroid Storm

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Ben C Turner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
High Dependency

Thyroid storm is associated with multisystem decompensation and high mortality if untreated. Early clinical recognition and aggressive treatment in a high dependency setting are crucial to a successful outcome. A combination of high-dose antithyroid medication, β-blockade, iodine, steroids and careful haemodynamic management are the essential therapeutic elements, with the potential for a prompt recovery. The pathophysiology, causes and treatment of thyroid storm are reviewed.

scholarly journals MON-688 Emphysematous Gastritis and Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Singh ◽  
Massiell German ◽  
Marissa Paige Grotzke
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
High Mortality Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Abdominal Examination

Abstract Background: Emphysematous gastritis (EG) is a rare and severe form of gastritis of infectious origin. Diabetes is an important underlying risk factor as it leads to a systemic predisposition to infections. Other risk factors include long term steroid use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use, alcohol use, corrosive ingestion, and pancreatitis, all of which disrupt gastric mucosa. First described in the 1800s, it is characterized by the presence of air in the stomach wall and differentials for these cases include gastric emphysema and cystic pneumatosis both of which are non-infectious in origin. Clinical Case: A 57-year-old male with type 2 diabetes presented with a one-day history of abdominal pain, non-bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. One day prior to presentation, he developed diarrhea which was followed by episodes of projectile vomiting reported as orange-tinged with mucus. On the day of admission, he was afebrile, tachycardic in 120s with stable blood pressure. Laboratory evaluation was significant for leukocytosis at 18.8 k/uL (4.3–11.3 k/uL) and lactic acidosis 2.37 mmol/L (0.7–2.1 mmol/L). Abdominal examination was notable for soft abdomen with diffuse tenderness to deep palpation without rebound or guarding. Further workup with Computed Tomography (CT) was concerning for emphysematous gastritis with air in the gastric vein, splenic vein, and portal vein. Given hemodynamic stability and benign abdominal examination, medical management was initiated. He was started on ceftriaxone and metronidazole which were continued for a total of 10 days with clinical improvement. Discussion: EG results from disruption in gastric mucosa which facilitates translocation of gas-producing bacteria commonly Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter subspecies. Immunosuppression with diabetes is an important underlying factor and patients are at risk even with controlled diabetes. Additionally, patients with diabetic complications like gastroparesis with frequent retching are at increased risk. Considering variable and non-specific symptoms of presentation, a high index of clinical suspicion is required for recognition as it may have a fulminant course with high mortality risk. CT scan is the imaging of choice for diagnosis. Management primarily consists of bowel rest, antibiotics and monitoring for signs of peritonitis. In the absence of complications including rupture or stricture formation, surgery is not recommended. In our case, possible gastroenteritis with subsequent vomiting and retching in the setting of underlying diabetes predisposed to the development of emphysematous gastritis. Although air in the portal venous system is associated with higher mortality, our patient was successfully managed conservatively. As the diagnosis carries a high mortality risk, early recognition is imperative for a successful outcome.

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