scholarly journals Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-990
Author(s):  
S Jana ◽  
L N Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Multilocus Associations ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern Mediterranean countries, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. Contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. Apportionment of overall diversity in the region showed that in cultivated barley within-populations diversity was of higher magnitude than the between-populations component. Neighboring populations of wild and cultivated barleys showed high degree of genetic identity. Groups of 3 or 4 isozyme loci were analyzed to detect associations among loci. Multilocus associations of varying order were detected for all three groups chosen for the analysis. Some of the association terms differed between the two species in the region. Although there was no clear evidence for decrease in diversity attributable to the domestication of barley in the region, there was an indication of different multilocus organizations in the two closely related species.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN WILD AND CULTIVATED BARLEY USING RIBOSOMAL DNA SPACER LENGTH VARIANTS

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyanthi Ramamoorthy ◽  
Daniel K. Chong ◽  
C.C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Spacer Length ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Spacer Length Variants

Ribosomal DNA spacer length variants (slv) were used to compare the genetic diversity between Hordeum spontaneum, the supposed progenitor of cultivated barley, and landraces of barley, H. vulgare, collected from three countries in the eastern Mediterranean region. A total of six rDNA slv and six slv phenotypes were observed. All six slv and phenotypes were found in both species. Nei's heterozygosity index was higher for landraces in all three countries. Landraces possessed slightly higher diversity than H. spontaneum. Slv phenotype 1 (112, 104) was the most predominant type in both species, and the frequency distributions for the two species were similar. This suggests that H. vulgare and H. spontaneum belong to the same polymorphic species. Furthermore, H. spontaneum seen today in the eastern Mediterranean region might have been derived from an extinct two-rowed ancestor.

Changes in the genetic diversity of barley of Nordic and Baltic origin, studied by isozyme electrophoresis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Kolodinska Brantestam ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Isaak Rashal ◽  
Jens Weibull
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractIn this study an evaluation was made of changes in the genetic variation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Nordic and Baltic origin, from the end of the 19th century until today. A comparison of Nordic and Baltic material with exotic material that has not been subjected to intense selection was also made. A total of 293 accessions, including 160 Nordic and 80 Baltic landraces, cultivars and breeding lines, and another 53 landraces of exotic origin (Central Asia), were surveyed using isozyme starch gel electrophoresis. For the four isozymes studied, 28 alleles at 11 loci were observed. The average total genetic diversity value (HT) for individual loci ranged between 0 and 0.519. In the exotic material nine loci were polymorphic and two monomorphic, compared to seven polymorphic and four monomorphic loci in the Nordic and Baltic material. Some of the rare alleles were detected only in the exotic material. The studied isozyme loci of Nordic and Baltic material indicated that modern cultivars have a lower average genetic diversity value compared to the landraces, old and exotic material.

Geographic differentiation in isozyme genotypes of Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Konishi ◽  
S. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Isozyme variation among Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces was surveyed at seven loci, using 650 accessions collected from different regions. Large genetic diversities were detected at the Est1, Est2, and Est4 loci for esterase and at the Aat3 locus for aspartate aminotransferase. However, only a few variations were observed at the Pgd1 and Pgd2 loci for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and no variation was found at the Aat2 locus. The allelic combinations observed were not randomly distributed in the Himalayas: a geographic trend was closely related to covered and naked types of barley. The covered barleys were frequently distributed in southern regions of the Himalayas and were characterized principally by the Al-Fr-At genotype at the Est1-Est2-Est4 multilocus, combined with the Mo allele at the Aat3 locus. The naked barleys were found mainly in northern regions, and most of them possessed the genotypes Ca-Un-Nz or Pr-Fr-At, together with the Eg allele. Such a nonrandom allelic distribution provides useful information for further analysis aimed at considering the history of cultivated barley in the Himalayas.Key words: Himalayan barley, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distribution.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Genetic Diversity in ICARDA Core Collection of Cultivated Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chabane ◽  
J. Valkoun
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Core ◽  
Unrooted Tree ◽  
Genetic Distance Matrix ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Out of the total accessions of cultivated barley, held at ICARDA, a subset core collection consisting of 153 accessions originating from different countries was established. Genetic diversity of the core collection was studied using AFLP markers. The accessions were grouped into different geographic sub-regions and the total genetic variation was estimated using Popgene software. Genetic distance matrix was computed and hierarchical unrooted tree was performed using Phylip software package. Our results demonstrate that the AFLP markers were highly informative and were useful in generating a meaningful classification of the cultivated barley that we determined as a subset of core collection.    

scholarly journals Conservation Genetics of Four Critically Endangered Greek Endemic Plants: A Preliminary Assessment

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis ◽  
Panayiota Kotsakiozi ◽  
Efthalia Stathi ◽  
Panayiotis Trigas ◽  
Aristeidis Parmakelis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the largest global biodiversity hotspots, hosting more than 11,000 endemic plants, and it is recognised as an area with a high proportion of threatened taxa. Nevertheless, only a tiny fraction of the threatened Mediterranean endemics have their genetic diversity assessed, and we are unaware if and how climate change might impact their conservation status. This is even more pronounced in Eastern Mediterranean countries with a rich endemic flora, such as Greece, which hosts a large portion of the plant taxa assessed at the European level under the IUCN criteria. Using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and species distribution models, we analysed the genetic diversity and investigated the impacts of climate change on four critically endangered and extremely narrow and rare Greek island endemic plants, namely Aethionema retsina, Allium iatrouinum, Convolvulus argyrothamnos, and Saponaria jagelii. All four species are facing intense anthropogenic threats and display moderate genetic diversity (uHe: 0.254–0.322), while climate change is expected to have a profound impact on their range size during the coming decades. A combination of in- and ex-situ measures, such as population reinforcement and seed bank conservation, are urgently needed in order to preserve these highly threatened and rare Greek endemics.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

scholarly journals Mitogenomics of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) reveals dramatic loss of diversity and supports historical gene-flow between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Rey-Iglesia ◽  
Philippe Gaubert ◽  
Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo ◽  
Rosa Pires ◽  
Constanza De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals, with only 600–700 individuals restricted to three populations off the coast of Western Sahara and Madeira (North Atlantic) and between Greece and Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Its original range was from the Black Sea (eastern Mediterranean) to Gambia (western African coast), but was drastically reduced by commercial hunting and human persecution since the early stages of marine exploitation. We here analyse 42 mitogenomes of Mediterranean monk seals, from across their present and historical geographic ranges to assess the species population dynamics over time. Our data show a decrease in genetic diversity in the last 200 years. Extant individuals presented an almost four-fold reduction in genetic diversity when compared to historical specimens. We also detect, for the first time, a clear segregation between the two North Atlantic populations, Madeira and Cabo Blanco, regardless of their geographical proximity. Moreover, we show the presence of historical gene-flow between the two water basins, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of at least one extinct maternal lineage in the Mediterranean. Our work demonstrates the advantages of using full mitogenomes in phylogeographic and conservation genomic studies of threatened species.

Allozyme variation and an estimate of the inbreeding coefficient in the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Borsa ◽  
D. Pierre Gingerich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
High Degree

AbstractSeven presumed Mendelian enzyme loci (Est-2, Est-3, Gpi, Idh-l, Idh-2, Mdh-2 and Mpi) were characterized and tested for polymorphism in coffee berry borers, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), sampled in Côte d′Ivoire, Mexico and New Caledonia. The average genetic diversity was H = 0.080. Two loci, Mdh-2 and Mpi were polymorphic, and thus usable as genetic markers. The population structure of H. hampei was analysed using Weir & Cockerham's estimators of Wright's F-statistics. A high degree of inbreeding (f = 0.298) characterized the elementary geographic sampling unit, the coffee field. The estimate of gene flow between fields within a country was Nm = 10.6 and that between countries was Nm = 2. The population genetic structure in H. hampei could be related to its known population biological features and history.

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