scholarly journals MUTATIONS INCREASING ASEXUAL PLASMODIUM FORMATION IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Paul N Adler ◽  
Charles E Holt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Allele ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Rare plasmodia formed in clones of heterothallic amoebae were analyzed in a search for mutations affecting plasmodium formation. The results show that the proportion of mutants varies with both temperature (18°, 26° or 30°) and mating-type allele (mt1, mt2, mt3, mt4). At one extreme, only one of 33 plasmoida formed by mt2 amoebae at 18° is mutant. At the other extreme, three of three plasmodia formed by mt1 amoebae at 30° are mutant. The mutant plasmodia fall into two groups, the GAD (greater asexual differentiation) mutants and the ALC (amoebaless life cycle) mutants. The spores of GAD mutants give rise to amoebae that differentiate into plasmodia asexually at much higher frequencies than normal heterothallic amoebae. Seven of eight gad mutations analyzed genetically are linked to mt and one (gad-12) is not. The gad-12 mutation is expressed in strains with different alleles of mt. The frequency of asexual plasmodium formation is heat sensitive in some (e.g., mt3 gad-11), heat-insensitive in two (mt2 gad-8 and mt2 gad-9) and cold-sensitive in one (mt1 gad-12) of twelve GAD mutants analyzed phenotypically. The spores of ALC mutants give rise to plasmodia directly, thereby circumventing the amoebal phase of the life cycle. Spores from five of the seven ALC mutants give rise to occasional amoebae, as well as plasmodia. The amoebae from one of the mutants carry a mutation (alc-1) that is unlinked to mt and is responsible for the ALC phenotype in this mutant. Like gad-12, alc-1 is expressed with different mt alleles. Preliminary observations with amoebae from the other four ALC mutants suggest that two are similar to the one containing alc-1; one gives rise to revertant amoebae, and one gives rise to amoebae carrying an alc mutation and a suppressor of the mutation.

scholarly journals To transport waste or transport recycling plant: Insights from life-cycle analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Guilhem Grimaud ◽  
Bertrand Laratte ◽  
Nicolas Perry
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The One ◽  
Waste Deposit ◽  
Centralized System

The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental and economic balance between a collection of waste requiring the transport to a centralized recycling plant versus the displacement of a recycling plant near the waste production’s location. Two systems are compared in the study with economic and environmental Life cycle analysis (LCC and LCA) tools. The first one considers a centralized recycling plant that gathers batch of cables from different locations in Europe. The second scenario considers a transportable recycling plant, the Cablebox (designed by MTB Manufacturing), which is regularly carried to be close to the waste deposit to recycle waste cables. On the one hand, the study demonstrates huge environmental benefits for transportable recycling plants in comparison with the centralized system. The overall environmental impact is halved on the climate change indicator. On the other hand, the results show the economic advantages of such solution. The treatment cost per ton of recycling is reduced by 5 to 8%. Transportable recycling solutions seem to be a good answer to solve End-of-Life logistic issues, both from an economic and an environmental point of view.

scholarly journals The Development, Morphology and Budding of the Ascidian Diazona

1948 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Present Account ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Account

Diazona is represented in European waters only by Diazona violacea Savigny. It is a compound ascidian forming massive colonies of spectacular size and appearance. In many ways it is the most interesting of all ascidians, for in its adult structure it straddles two commonly accepted orders and in itself is a strong argument against such a division; it is the only oviparous and small egged compound ascidian, two features undoubtedly primitive; and its manner of budding is the simplest and probably is the basic type for the group as a whole. Only fragmentary descriptions of the morphology and reproduction exist, and a more or less complete account of the various stages of the life cycle may be of some value. The family Diazonidae includes, in addition to Diazona itself, the genera Tylobranchion of subantarctic regions, and Rhopalea of Mediterranean and northern waters. In its entirety Diazona appears to link with such divergent forms as Ciona on the one hand and Archidistoma on the other. The fact that Diazona is obtained by dredging in relatively swift offshore waters and lives poorly in an aquarium probably accounts for the existing unsatisfactory state of knowledge of most of its phases. Most of what is known concerns asexual reproduction; and attention has been given, at various times, primarily to the process of regeneration, rather than bud formation, for example by Della Valle (1884), Caullery (1914), Oka (1906) under the name Aphanobranchion, and by Salfi (1926).The material of the present account was collected at various times in the Plymouth area from the Mewstone and Eddystone grounds.

Sustainability Constraints as System Boundaries

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Ny ◽  
Jamie P. MacDonald ◽  
Göran Broman ◽  
Karl-Henrik Robèrt
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Tools And Methods

Sustainable management of materials and products requires continuous evaluation of numerous complex social, ecological, and economic factors. Many tools and methods are emerging to support this. One of the most rigorous is life-cycle assessment (LCA). But LCAs often lack a sustainability perspective and bring about difficult trade-offs between specificity and depth, on the one hand, and comprehension and applicability, on the other. This article applies a framework for strategic sustainable development to foster a new general approach to the management of materials and products, here termed “strategic life-cycle management.” This includes informing the overall analysis with aspects that are relevant to a basic perspective on (1) sustainability, and (2) strategy to arrive at sustainability. Early experiences indicate that the resulting overview could help avoiding costly assessments of flows and practices that are not critical from a sustainability or strategic perspective and help in identifying strategic knowledge gaps that need further assessment.

Mutton Dressed as Lamb? Fashioning Age in Georgian England

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Vickery
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Older Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mature Women ◽  
Georgian England ◽  
The One

AbstractDespite an established literature on gender, consumerism, and dress, there is almost no research on fashion and the life cycle. Meanwhile, the historiography on aging has addressed stigma, physicality, and sexuality, though only tangentially the manufacture of femininity through clothes. This article links the two separate historiographies. It is concerned with the ongoing fabrication of mature femininity through fashionable clothes, and the paradoxes inherent in that performance. The misogynist attack on dressy older women was pungent, but mature women still had to clothe themselves. Accusations of frolicking in a lamb fashion were mortifying, but keeping up appearances was vital too. This article examines the interplay of age and fashion, re-creating the distinctive way women of the middling ranks and lesser gentry negotiated the pitfalls of dressing past their prime, charting a perilous course between indignity and scorn on the one hand and invisibility on the other. Perceptions of age and aging bore unevenly on women and men. Nevertheless, conviction about the decorum of female sartorial retirement once the blush was off the peach and savage portrayals of hideous physical decline were counterbalanced by the blandishments of the market itself. Cumulatively, the Georgian marketplace tended to endorse the public profiles of older women, suggesting a galaxy of imagined performances that overwhelmed the misogynist discourse arguing for their obliteration.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENTATION OF AMOEBAL-PLASMODIAL TRANSITION MUTANTS IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-419
Author(s):  
Roger W Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Type Allele ◽  
Mating Compatibility ◽  
Complementation Groups

ABSTRACT Amoebae of the Myxomycete Physarum polycephalum differentiate to yield plasmodia in two ways: in crossing, haploid amoebae of appropriate genotypes fuse to form diploid plasmodia; in selfing, plasmodia form without amoebal fusion or increase in ploidy. Amoebae carrying the mating-type allele matAh (formerly mth) self efficiently, but occasionally give rise to mutants that self at very low frequencies. Such "amoebal-plasmodial transition" mutants were mixed in pairs to test their ability to complement one another in the formation of plasmodia by crossing. The pattern of crossing permitted 33 mutants to be assigned to four complementation groups (aptA-, npfA-, npfB- and npfC-). Similar tests had previously proved only partially successful, as crossing had occurred only rarely in mixtures of compatible strains. The efficiency of complementation was greatly increased in the current work by mixing strains that carried different alleles of a newly-discovered mating-compatibility locus, matB; this locus had no effect on the specificity of complementation. A possible interpretation of the complementation behavior of the mutants is suggested.

scholarly journals Geospatial data quality (ISO 19157-1): evolve or perish

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-154
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ariza López ◽  
Pablo Barreira González ◽  
Joan Masó Pau ◽  
Alaitz Zabala Torres ◽  
Antonio Federico Rodríguez Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Standard ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Given the circumstance that the process for the revision of the international standard ISO 19157 is currently open, this article presents a critical reflection on its content, application and some challenges posed by the new types of data (e.g. big data, BIM data, etc.), that also have a geospatial component and to which, therefore, this international standard can be applied as well. Proposals are put forward going along three lines of improvement, on the one hand the consideration of new data quality elements and on the other, the reinforcement of the interoperability of this international standard with other standards related to data quality, and finally various improvements (e.g. standardization of evaluation methods, clearly introducing the life cycle, improvement of the definition of metaquality, etc.) of the standard, which come from experience.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF THE ST SEROTYPE SYSTEM IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS, SYNGEN 1

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-536
Author(s):  
Frank S Grass
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Output Ratio

ABSTRACT Genetic analyses using lines of Tetrahymena pyroformis manifesting different serotypes indicate that the St serotypes are governed by alleles at a single genetic locus. These alleles are termed StA and StC. The St locus is not closely linked to any of the other well-studied loci examined. Differentiation in StA/StC heterozygotes follows a pattern very similar to that observed with lines heterozygous at the other loci. Initially both alleles are expressed, but as the synclone divides, lines develop that manifest one allele or the other but not both. The time of differentiation is very early in the clonal life cycle, and the output ratio is eccentric. The pattern of development of the St locus places it in a category with the mating type and H serotype loci.

A Comparative Study of the Soil Conditions favoured by certain Melolonthid and Tenebrioned Pests of Tobacco in Southern Rhodesia

1959 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Bünzli ◽  
W. W. Büttiker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
The One

An investigation was made to determine the factors governing the distribution pattern of the larvae of certain species of Melolonthids and Tenebrionids; these are known to be serious pests of tobacco plants in Southern Rhodesia.Observations were made on mixed populations of the white grubs, larvae of Anomala exitialis Pér. and Schizonycha profuga Pér. (MELOLONTHINAE), on the one hand, and on those of the false wireworms, larvae of Psammodes similis Pér. and P. scrobicollis (Fhs.) (TENEBRIONIDAE), on the other.It was found that the habitats favoured by white grubs had a higher clay, silt and organic matter content than those favoured by false wireworms. This was indicated by the darker brown colour of the soil; the clay ratio of the soils of the two types of habitat was as 1 to 0·725 and the nitrogen ratio as 1 to 0·524, respectively.Heavy infestations of tobacco fields are associated with 60,000 white grubs or 1,500 false wireworms per acre. The white grubs complete their life-cycle in one year, the larvae obtaining the food requirements necessary for their develop ment in the 4 to 5 months of the wet season. The false wireworms have a two-year life-cycle, the active feeding stages of the larvae being spread over 18 to 21 months, comprising both wet and dry seasons.The infestations by the two classes of insect do not overlap in space to any great extent but are governed by the nature of the soil, the white grubs favouring areas in which the soil has a higher nutrient value and the false wireworms areas where the soil is poorer.Reference is made to parasitisation of white-grub larvae in two areas, where the soil had an abnormally high nitrogen content, by a species of Tiphia in the one area and by entomogenous fungi in the other.False wireworms have not been found to be similarly attacked under field conditions.

scholarly journals Marriage Ceremony in Batak Toba Tribe: Between Consumerism and Purpose of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. p40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangihut Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Marriage Ceremony ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The marriage ceremony for the Batak Toba tribe is a bond between a man and a woman along with relatives of men and women. Through marriage ceremonies they can enter the dalihan na tolu system, carry out a life cycle, become adults and have the right to enter the Batak lineage (tarombo). Because of the importance of the meaning of the marriage ceremony, the Batak Toba people continue to carry out this tradition. According to the tradition of the ancient people, the marriage ceremony was carried out simply by mutual cooperation. In accordance with its development, the marriage ceremony changed from simple to consumerism. Consumerism occurs in mindset, behavior and also matter. Consumer behavior is influenced by: globalization, lifestyle, popular culture and a lack of understanding of the meaning of the Batak Toba marriage ceremony. The phenomenon of consumerism that occurs in the Batak Toba wedding ceremony is very complex because it follows a long procession at a high cost. Although the behavior of consumerism has long been a problem, but in reality they remain immersed in a culture of consumerism . The culture of consumerism on the one hand is a problem but on the other hand is an arena to achieve purpose of life.

Drama-Merdžumekja

2008 ◽  
pp. 229-253
Author(s):  
Rudolf Echt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site

The archaeologists, when excavating, find themselves in a dilemma: they have to dig up from above, but should understand from below. They discover the life cycle of a site always “downside up,” first the latest, and in the end the first. But understanding history means to recognize in the first the origins of the latest, in other words, to comprehend the causal relationships in order to be able to explain the reason why the one arose from the other. Understanding the life cycle of a site means, first of all, to chronologically divide the finds and features as accurately as possible. It is only on the basis of a reliable chronological sequence, progressively from one period to the other, that the causal, coherent developments can be described or, in a case they are lacking, the gaps in the cultural sequence. Many years or even decades may pass from the first spade cut, until the archaeologists find themselves in this position

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