Self-Reported History of Chemotherapy and Cognitive Decline in Adults Aged 60 and Older: The PATH Through Life Project

A 33-year-old man with a history of chronic toluene abuse through glue sniffing, developed tremors, cerebellar signs and cognitive decline. MR scan of the brain showed global cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with symmetrical T2-weighted hypointensities in the basal ganglia, thalami and midbrain. After stopping glue sniffing, his tremors, ataxia of gait, speech and cognition partially improved. Early recognition and intervention of toluene-induced leukodystrophy could prevent ongoing morbidity and premature mortality.

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A comparative study of impact on cognitive function between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1547

Author(s):

Dharnaben A. Patel ◽

Dhruv J. Patel ◽

N. D. Kantharia

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Proper Understanding ◽

History Of ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

The Brain

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, hyperlipidemia etc, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects various organs of the body including the brain. Cognitive function is the thinking process of the brain. In any chronic disease evaluation of cognitive function is justified as it may affect various common day to day activities.Methods: It is a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. Thirty diabetic patients who were recently started on insulin i.e. within 7 days were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty non diabetic healthy individuals served as a control. Cognitive function was accessed by Adenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrollment.Results: The results were analysed using paired t-test. Attention, Memory and Visiospatial ability was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control. Verbal fluency and language was also reduced but the change was not significant. Total ACE III score was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control.Conclusions: Cognitive function is significantly reduced in Diabetic patients recently started on insulin. Hyperglycemia could be the possible reason of cognitive decline. Proper understanding of the natural history of Diabetes and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline as well as control of Diabetes can help to prevent development of cognitive dysfunction.

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Does Antihypertensive Use Moderate the Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Decline in Older People?

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa232 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J Lennon ◽

Ben Chun Pan Lam ◽

John Crawford ◽

Henry Brodaty ◽

Nicole A Kochan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Past History ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Aging Study ◽

History Of ◽

Global Cognition ◽

Group 2 ◽

Older Populations

Abstract Background While midlife hypertension is deleterious, late-life hypertension has been associated with better cognitive outcomes in several studies. Many questions remain, including the relative benefit or harm of a blood pressure (BP) target and antihypertensive therapy of <120 in very old individuals. Methods The Sydney Memory and Aging Study (n = 1015) comprises a cohort of 70- to 90-year-olds, who were followed biennially for 8 years. Global cognition was assessed with a battery of 10 neuropsychological tests. Blood pressure was measured at Waves 1 and 2 and classified into 3 systolic groupings: group 1 (≤120 mmHg), group 2 (121–140 mmHg), and group 3 (>140 mmHg). Multiple regression, linear mixed modeling, and Cox regression examined the effect of BP and antihypertensives. Results There were no overall significant differences in global cognition or dementia between the disparate BP groups. However, in those not taking antihypertensives, the systolic BP (SBP) > 140 mmHg group had a significantly worse global cognitive trajectory compared to SBP ≤ 120 mmHg (b = −0.067, 95% CI [−0.129, −0.006], p = .030). Within the SBP ≤ 120 mmHg group those taking antihypertensives had significantly worse global cognition trajectories compared to those not taking antihypertensives even when controlling for past history of hypertension (b = −0.077, 95% CI [−0.147, −0.007], p = .030). Conclusions Untreated hypertension in old age is related to worse global cognitive decline. However, ongoing treatment at new recommendations of lower SBP targets may be related to poorer cognitive decline and should be considered carefully in older populations.

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Prevalence of cognitive impairment among hill-tribe older people in the Northern part of Thailand

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-11-2018-088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 478-484

Author(s):

Supaporn Trongsakul ◽

Thapakorn Ruanjai ◽

Wilawan Chaiut ◽

Ratipark Tamornpark ◽

Tawatchai Apidechkul

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Older People ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Cultural Bias ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Content Type ◽

Hill Tribe ◽

History Of ◽

Amphetamine Use

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and factors related to cognitive impairment among hill-tribe older people in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 459 hill-tribe older people aged 60 years and above. A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Thai 2002 version was used for cognitive screening. A questionnaire and medical records were used for demographic and clinical data collection while descriptive statistics were used to analyze characteristic data. Potential factors related to cognitive impairment were analyzed by using univariate logistic regression analysis. Findings The prevalence of cognitive impairment amongst the participants was 49.89 percent (95% CI 45.32%, 53.47 percent). Factors related to cognitive decline included no occupation (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.10–2.03, p<0.04) and a history of amphetamine use (OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.09–2.33, p<0.04). Originality/value Cognitive decline should be a cause for concern amongst Thai hill-tribe older people, especially amongst those in the group with a history of amphetamine use. However, Thai health care professionals need to be aware of the potential cultural bias in the MMSE Thai 2002 version as a cognition test targeted at the hill-tribe population as the questionnaire may not provide a true reflection of their cultural experience and background.

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A Case of Cognitive Decline Resulting from Aging, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, and Environmental Factors

Case Reports in Psychiatry ◽

10.1155/2019/9385031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikhila Veluri

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Panic Attacks ◽

Caucasian Woman ◽

Age Related ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Patient Reported ◽

History Of

Cognitive functioning is imperative in our daily lives. It allows us to understand, process, and react appropriately to different situations. Aging has been linked to cognitive decline. The degree and rate of cognitive decline are crucial as they differentiate normal aging from dementia or memory loss secondary to medical conditions. A 63-year-old Caucasian woman with a 50-year history of temporal lobe epilepsy experienced memory difficulties in recent years. She was admitted voluntarily to the neuropsychiatry ward for a 3-day ambulatory electroencephalogram (EEG), which reported mild bitemporal structural or functional abnormality. The patient reported subjective seizure experiences that were not reflective of seizure activity on the EEG. Possible causes included panic attacks or other anxiety experiences. Routine laboratory test and magnetic resonance imaging results were unremarkable. During her hospital stay she showed improvement in cognitive functioning. However, anxiety continued to negatively impact her memory. We hypothesized that the memory impairments could have resulted from age, psychological factors, the patient’s own expectations, pressure from the environment and history of TLE. We diagnosed the patient with mild cognitive impairment and adjustment disorder with anxiety. She was discharged with seizure and anxiety medication. This report highlights the importance of both age-related and disease-related variables when diagnosing patients with cognitive decline.

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Informant's perceptions and objective cognitive decline among Mexican older adults with a history of traumatic brain injury with and without loss of consciousness

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.044666 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (S6) ◽

Author(s):

Stefanie Danielle Piña‐Escudero ◽

Roberto de Jesús García Aviles ◽

Anna H. Chodos ◽

Christine S. Ritchie ◽

Jose Alberto Avila

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

History Of

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Progression of cognitive decline before and after incident stroke

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000007716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. e20-e28 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Fanfan Zheng ◽

Li Yan ◽

Baoliang Zhong ◽

Zhenchun Yang ◽

Wuxiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Temporal Orientation ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Semantic Fluency ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

Global Cognition ◽

Using Data ◽

Acute Changes

ObjectiveTo determine the trajectory of cognitive decline before and after incident stroke.MethodsBy using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we studied 9,278 participants without dementia with no history of stroke who underwent cognitive assessment at baseline (wave 1) and at least 1 other time point (waves 2–7). We used linear mixed models to analyze repeated measures and longitudinal data.ResultsAmong the 9,278 participants (56.8% women, mean age 63.1 ± 10.3 years), 471 (5.1%) incident stroke events were identified. Compared with stroke-free participants, multivariable-adjusted rates of prestroke cognitive decline in global cognition, memory, semantic fluency, and temporal orientation of participants who later experienced an incident stroke were increased by −0.029 , −0.016, −0.022, and −0.024 SD/y, respectively. Among the 471 stroke survivors, the multivariable-adjusted acute changes in the 4 cognitive domains were −0.257, −0.150, −0.121, and −0.272 SD, respectively. In the years after stroke, global cognition declined over time and was steeper than its prestroke slope, that is, by −0.064 SD/y after multivariable adjustment. The rates of memory, semantic fluency, and temporal orientation decline were −0.046, −0.033, and −0.037 SD/y, respectively.ConclusionsAccelerated prestroke cognitive decline and poststroke cognitive decline were associated with incident stroke over a follow-up period of 12 years. Attention should be paid to the long-term cognitive problems of stroke survivors, and intervention and management of major vascular risk factors should start from early life or midlife to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease and the associated cognitive impairment.

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DIABETES MELLITUS AND COGNITIVE DECLINE – PREVENTION SHOULD NOT BE DELAYED!

Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease ◽

10.14283/jpad.2018.9 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

A.J. Sinclair ◽

B. Vellas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Early Stage ◽

Neurodegenerative Dementia ◽

History Of ◽

Recent Addition

The recent addition of the Diabetes and Cognitive Decline section to JPAD marks a milestone in the history of this progressive journal as it recognises the important contribution that Diabetes makes to the aetiology of both vascular and neurodegenerative dementia syndromes (1-3). It has been observed that diabetes in the presence of hypertension leads to a more pronounced cognitive decline (4) and that at an early stage of cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment ( MCI)), diabetes accelerates the progression of MCI to dementia (5).

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