scholarly journals Compromised Vision Impairs Successful Aging Among Assisted Living Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
Judith Scott ◽  
Ann Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Community dwelling independent older adults’ successful aging is known to be hampered by sensory and cognitive impairments. However, little is known about to what degree these impairments affect successful aging among assisted living (AL) residents. The purpose of this quantitative study, conducted in three (AL) facilities, was to describe factors affecting successful aging. A total of 88 older adults (M=89.0, SD=7.54), mostly women (n=68), completed hearing (CALFRAST-Strong procedure at 75cm, 35cm, and 2cm), vision (Jaeger reading [proximate], Snellen Acuity [visual acuity]), and cognitive screening (MiniCog, Borson et al), as well as the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Successful Aging Inventory (SAI, Troutman et al, 2011). Most (68%) demonstrated hearing loss >25DB, with a significant difference demonstrated between age groups (age 65-89; n=38) (90-100; n=49) with the older group demonstrating worse hearing (F(1,80)=5.9, p=.017). Some vision compromise was noted for both reading (14.3%) and visual acuity (10.8%). Over one third of participants (34.1%) demonstrated compromised cognition. The SAI results indicated most participants were managing IADLs well (M=6.11, SD=1.42) and aging successfully (M=63.39, SD=9.04). Hearing, cognition and IADLs were not significantly related to successful aging. However, when compared to those without vision issues, participants with compromised vision, both reading and visual acuity, scored significantly lower on the SAI (reading F(1,75)= 24.9,p=.000; visual acuity F(1,28)=4.31, p=000). The infrastructure provided by AL settings may compensate for hearing, cognition, and IADL problems, but not as well for vision problems. Interventions supporting AL residents’ vision should be a priority to improve successful aging.

scholarly journals Association of Frailty With Recovery From Disability Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From Two Large U.S. Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkai Wu ◽  
Dae H Kim ◽  
Qian-Li Xue ◽  
David S H Lee ◽  
Ravi Varadhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frailty Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background Disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) is a dynamic process and transitions among different disability states are common. However, little is known about factors affecting recovery from disability. We examined the association between frailty and recovery from disability among nondisabled community-dwelling elders. Methods We studied 1,023 adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and 685 adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), who were ≥65 years and had incident disability, defined as having difficulty in ≥1 ADL (dressing, eating, toileting, bathing, transferring, walking across a room). Disability recovery was defined as having no difficulty in any ADLs. Frailty was assessed by slowness, weakness, exhaustion, inactivity, and shrinking. Persons were classified as “nonfrail” (0 criteria), “prefrail” (1–2 criteria), or “frail” (3–5 criteria). Results In total, 539 (52.7%) CHS participants recovered from disability within 1 year. Almost two-thirds of nonfrail persons recovered, while less than two-fifths of the frail recovered. In the HRS, 234 (34.2%) participants recovered from disability within 2 years. Approximately half of the nonfrail recovered, while less than one-fifth of the frail recovered. After adjustment, prefrail and frail CHS participants were 16% and 36% less likely to recover than the nonfrail, respectively. In the HRS, frail persons had a 41% lower likelihood of recovery than the nonfrail. Conclusions Frailty is an independent predictor of poor recovery from disability among nondisabled older adults. These findings validate frailty as a marker of decreased resilience and may offer opportunities for individualized interventions and geriatric care based on frailty assessment.

Successful Aging from the Viewpoint of Older Adults: Development of a Brief Successful Aging Inventory (SAI)

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Eun Lee ◽  
Boaz Kahana ◽  
Eva Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Older Individuals

Objective: Researcher-defined criteria for successful aging (SA) have been criticized for their limited perspective and failure to acknowledge subjective perceptions of older individuals. We assessed the extent to which older individuals consider specific factors, which they had suggested, to be important in defining SA. The present study had 2 objectives: (a) to develop a brief multidimensional questionnaire for assessing SA and to evaluate its psychometric properties; and (b) to examine age associations with each dimension of SA. Methods: A survey was conducted with 550 participants in a panel study of older adult residents of an elderly retirement community and with community-dwelling older adults, regarding factors that they considered to be important for SA. The psychometric evaluation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability and validity analyses, and measurement invariance testing. Partial correlations were used to examine the association of age with SA. Results: The 4-factor solution provided a satisfactory fit to the data: proactive engagement, wellness resources, positive spirit, and valued relationships. Metric measurement invariance for this factor structure was confirmed across 2 age groups. The findings also suggest that the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI) scale might be a useful predictor of SA. Discussion: Our findings highlight the value of considering more comprehensive models of SA that include social relationships and proactive engagement.

scholarly journals Physical Inactivity and Related Barriers: A Study in a Community Dwelling of Older Brazilians

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Emerson Sebastião ◽  
Camila Bosquiero Papini ◽  
Priscila Missaki Nakamura ◽  
Américo Valdanha Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

This study sought to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and related barriers in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted, and a stratified random sampling procedure was used. A total of 359 older adults were interviewed. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Questionnaire of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice were used to assess physical activity level and barriers, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed on the prevalence of physical inactivity in either gender or age groups. Regarding barriers, the proportion of 9 out of 22 barriers was statistically significant between men and women. Self-reported physical inactivity/activity in older Brazilian adults continues to be a concern. Uncommonly, older males reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared to their counterparts. Additionally, physical inactivity prevalence continued to increase with the aging process. Yet, personal barriers such as lack of time and poor health were strongly associated with physical inactivity. The results of this study may help health professionals and public policy makers to better address the issues related to a healthy lifestyle among older adults and promote physical activity among Brazilian older adults and in other countries with similar characteristics.

scholarly journals The psychometrics and diagnostic properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min protocol in screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia among older adults in Tanzania: A validation study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golden Mwakibo Masika ◽  
Doris S.F. Yu ◽  
Polly W.C. Li ◽  
Adrian Wong ◽  
Rose S.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Oblique Rotation

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of dementia in Tanzania, as in other developing countries is progressively increasing. Yet international screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometrics and the diagnostic ability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5 minutes protocol (MoCA-5-min) among older adult in the rural Tanzania. Methods The MoCA-5-min and the IDEA cognitive screening were concurrently administered through face to face to 202 community-dwelling older adults in Chamwino district. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component method and oblique rotation was performed to determine the underlying factor structure of the scale. The concurrent, construct as well as predictive validities of the MoCA-5-min were examined by comparing its score with IDEA cognitive screening and psychiatrist’s diagnosis using DSM-V criteria respectively. Results The EFA found that all the MoCA-5-min items highly loaded into one component, with factor loading ranging from 0.550 to 0.879. The intraclass correlation coefficient for 6 weeks test-retest reliability was 0.85. Its strong significant correlation with the IDEA screening (Pearson's r = 0.614, p < 0.001) demonstrated a good concurrent validity. Using the psychiatrist’s rating as the gold standard, MoCA-5-min demonstrated the optimal cut-off score for MCI at 22, which yielded the sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 74%; and dementia at score of 16 giving a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%. Upon stratifying the sample into different age groups, the optimal cut-off scores tended to decrease with the increase in age. Conclusion The MoCA-5-min is reliable and provides a valid and accurate measure of cognitive decline among older population in the rural settings of Tanzania. The use of varying cut-off scores across age groups may ensure more precise discriminatory power of the MoCA-5-min.

scholarly journals Patterns of instrumental activities of daily living between community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Antonia de Azevedo Falcão Sigrist ◽  
Ana Claudia Becattini Oliveira ◽  
Helenice Charchat Fichman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Performance Based Assessment

ABSTRACT The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is an important marker within the aging process, as it reflects the level of independence to perform in the real world. However, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the different performance profiles among older adults. Objective: To investigate the heterogeneity present in the community of elderly people, grouping them based on characteristics and patterns observed through an objective performance-based assessment. Methods: Participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: fluency in Portuguese, 360 years, regular participation in a social program offered by the government of Rio de Janeiro, and absence of a caregiver. The evaluation of IADLs was determined by the total and brief version of the University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and the Lawton and Brody IADL scale. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to characterize the sample, in addition to the Geriatric Depression Scale. A total of 61 elderly people with an average age of 72.5 years, predominantly females (85.2%), and average education of 11.2 were evaluated and grouped according to their performance at UPSA through clustering analysis. Results: The analysis revealed three grouping patterns, subdividing the sample into subgroups that differed significantly in terms of age, education, global cognition, and all instrumental activities assessed by UPSA — planning, finance, communication, transportation, and household chores. Conclusions: This study was able to identify the heterogeneity present between the elderly people in the different factors that compose the IADLs through a performance-based assessment.

scholarly journals Technology Used to Recognize Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicola Camp ◽  
Martin Lewis ◽  
Kirsty Hunter ◽  
Julie Johnston ◽  
Massimiliano Zecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Future Work

The use of technology has been suggested as a means of allowing continued autonomous living for older adults, while reducing the burden on caregivers and aiding decision-making relating to healthcare. However, more clarity is needed relating to the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) recognised, and the types of technology included within current monitoring approaches. This review aims to identify these differences and highlight the current gaps in these systems. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles and commercially available systems were selected if they focused on ADL recognition of older adults within their home environment. Thirty-nine ADL recognition systems were identified, nine of which were commercially available. One system incorporated environmental and wearable technology, two used only wearable technology, and 34 used only environmental technologies. Overall, 14 ADL were identified but there was variation in the specific ADL recognised by each system. Although the use of technology to monitor ADL of older adults is becoming more prevalent, there is a large variation in the ADL recognised, how ADL are defined, and the types of technology used within monitoring systems. Key stakeholders, such as older adults and healthcare workers, should be consulted in future work to ensure that future developments are functional and useable.

scholarly journals Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Inoue ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Ayano Nagano ◽  
Akio Shimizu ◽  
Junko Ueshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common geriatric diseases among older adults and harm activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Osteosarcopenia is a unique syndrome that is a concomitant of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aimed to summarize the related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia to facilitate understanding, evaluation, prevention, treatment, and further research on osteosarcopenia. We searched the literature to include meta-analyses, reviews, and clinical trials. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is significantly higher in female (up to 64.3%) compared to male (8–11%). Osteosarcopenia is a risk factor for death, fractures, and falls based on longitudinal studies. However, the associations between osteosarcopenia and many other factors have been derived based on cross-sectional studies, so the causal relationship is not clear. Few studies of osteosarcopenia in hospitals have been conducted. Osteosarcopenia is a new concept and has not yet been fully researched its relationship to clinical outcomes. Longitudinal studies and high-quality interventional studies are warranted in the future.

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