scholarly journals Acceptance of Transportation Technologies by Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 555-555
Author(s):  
Neil Charness ◽  
Dustin Souders ◽  
Ryan Best ◽  
Nelson Roque ◽  
JongSung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Spot Detection

Abstract Older adults are at greater risk of death and serious injury in transportation crashes which have been increasing in older adult cohorts relative to younger cohorts. Can technology provide a safer road environment? Even if technology can mitigate crash risk, is it acceptable to older road users? We outline the results from several studies that tested 1) whether advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can improve older adult driving performance, 2) older adults’ acceptance of ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle (AV) systems, and 3) perceptions of value for ADAS systems, particularly for blind-spot detection systems. We found that collision avoidance warning systems improved older adult simulator driving performance, but not lane departure warning systems. In a young to middle-aged sample the factor “concern with AV” showed age effects with older drivers less favorable. Older drivers, however, valued an active blind spot detection system more than younger drivers.

scholarly journals Association of Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity in older drivers with risk of motor vehicle collision using naturalistic driving data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Owsley ◽  
Thomas Swain ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Gerald McGwin ◽  
Mi Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Naturalistic Driving

Abstract Background Older drivers have a crash rate nearly equal to that of young drivers whose crash rate is the highest among all age groups. Contrast sensitivity impairment is common in older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine whether parameters from the photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) are associated with incident motor vehicle crash involvement by older drivers. Methods This study utilized data from older drivers (ages ≥60 years) who participated in the Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study, a prospective, population-based study. At baseline participants underwent photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity testing for targets from 1.5–18 cycles per degree. Model fitting generated area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and peak log sensitivity. Participant vehicles were instrumented with sensors that captured continuous driving data when the vehicle was operating (accelerometers, global positioning system, forward radar, 4-channel video). They participated for 1–2 years. Crashes were coded from the video and other data streams by trained analysts. Results The photopic analysis was based on 844 drivers, and the mesopic on 854 drivers. Photopic AULCSF and peak log contrast sensitivity were not associated with crash rate, whether defined as all crashes or at-fault crashes only (all p > 0.05). Mesopic AULCSF and peak log sensitivity were associated with an increased crash rate when considered for all crashes (rate ratio (RR): 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.72; RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.63, respectively) and at-fault crashes only (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16–1.93; RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.78, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that photopic contrast sensitivity testing may not help us understand future crash risk at the older-driver population level. Results highlight a previously unappreciated association between older adults’ mesopic contrast sensitivity deficits and crash involvement regardless of the time of day. Given the wide variability of light levels encountered in both day and night driving, mesopic vision tests, with their reliance on both cone and rod vision, may be a more comprehensive assessment of the visual system’s ability to process the roadway environment.

Visual attention and self-regulation of driving among older adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozioma C. Okonkwo ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Virginia G. Wadley ◽  
Karlene Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Crash Risk

ABSTRACTBackground: With the number of older drivers increasing, self-regulation of driving has been proposed as a viable means of balancing the autonomy of older adults against the sometimes competing demand of public safety. In this study, we investigate self-regulation of driving among a group of older adults with varying functional abilities.Method: Participants in the study comprised 1,543 drivers aged 75 years or older. They completed an objective measure of visual attention from which crash risk was estimated, and self-report measures of driving avoidance, driving exposure, physical functioning, general health status, and vision. Crash records were obtained from the State Department of Public Safety.Results: Overall, participants were most likely to avoid driving in bad weather followed by driving at night, driving on high traffic roads, driving in unfamiliar areas, and making left-hand turns across oncoming traffic. With the exception of driving at night, drivers at higher risk of crashes generally reported greater avoidance of these driving situations than lower risk drivers. However, across all driving situations a significant proportion of higher risk drivers did not restrict their driving. In general, self-regulation of driving did not result in reduced social engagement.Conclusion: Some older drivers with visual attention impairments do not restrict their driving in difficult situations. There is a need for physicians and family members to discuss driving behaviors with older adults routinely to ensure their safety. The association between visual attention and driving restriction also has implications for interventions aimed at preserving mobility in the elderly.

Driving, transportation, and mobility in the older adult

2017 ◽  
pp. 1303-1310
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Shapiro ◽  
L. Jaime Fitten
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Impact

Older adults drive more miles than prior generations and have mobility and transportation needs that are central to independence and well-being. While older adult crash rates have decreased due to safety improvements, those aged 80 years and older have higher morbidity and mortality from crashes due to physical vulnerabilities. Normal ageing is associated with cognitive, motor, and sensory changes that prompt healthy older adults to modify their driving. Older adults use a wide range of potentially driver-impairing medications that increase accident risk. Glaucoma, visual field changes from strokes, and other impairments assessed in the Useful Field of View test can significantly increase crash risk. Moderate and advanced dementia results in unsafe driving due to the impact on ‘process skills’, resulting in the prevailing opinion that they should not drive. However, there is no appropriate screening instrument to assess driving safety among older adults.

Millimeter Wave Radar for Automotive Blind Spot Detection System

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 1008-1012
Author(s):  
Shou Xiao Li ◽  
Yun Xia Cao ◽  
Xin Bi
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Millimeter Wave Radar ◽  
Target Signal ◽  
Spot Detection ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Rearview Mirror

Considering the problem of rearview mirror blind spot during driving, the paper studied and designed the blind spot detection system based on MMW radar. Radar was installed at an appropriate position on the detection target signal by transmitting, when another car enter the detecting area, the small alarm light beside A pillar would shine or alarm few times, to remind drivers careful change road. And the effect would not effect by weather or time. For the radar sensor application environment, triangle wave LFMCW can effectively solve the speed from the coupling phenomenon. The paper showed experimental and simulation data.

scholarly journals EDUCATION AND TRAINING ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEMS’ IMPACT ON OLDER DRIVER PERFORMANCE AND TRAINING TO OVERCOME UNFAMILIARITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S665-S665
Author(s):  
Anne E Dickerson ◽  
F Dennis Thomas ◽  
Lindsay Graham ◽  
M Chandler Coleman ◽  
Richard Blomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Hands On ◽  
And Training

Abstract Technology may assist older adults in improving their driving performance and therefore driving safety. However, it is sometimes a distraction and some older adults avoid its use due to the complexity of learning the systems. This study examined how older drivers interacted with an electronic navigation system (e.g., GPS) and the extent to which it impacted driving performance on unfamiliar routes. It also examined three approaches to training older adults how to program the devices. In Phase 1, 80 older drivers navigated unfamiliar routes using a GPS or paper directions and completed destination entry tasks. In Phase 2, 60 older drivers completed one of three training conditions (video, video with hands-on, placebo) to examine the impacts of training on destination entry performance. Driving performance was improved with GPS over paper directions (p = .025), as evaluated by a driver rehabilitation specialized on counterbalanced standardized routes. Analyses also showed significant effects for familiarity for use of GPS (p=.035) and age group (60’s versus 70’s) (p<.001), but many drivers had difficulty entering destinations. In Phase 2, a main effect of training was found (p=.02) with using video and one-on-one training showing the best performance. This study demonstrates older drivers could benefit from the use of such devices when driving to unfamiliar destinations, but training is needed with hands-on training with a live instructor being the best.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effects of Driver Age When Using Novel Navigation Systems in a Head-Up Display

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Sanna M. Pampel ◽  
Katherine Lamb ◽  
Gary Burnett ◽  
Lee Skrypchuk ◽  
Chrisminder Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Age Related

Although drivers gain experience with age, many older drivers are faced with age-related deteriorations that can lead to a higher crash risk. Head-Up Displays (HUDs) have been linked to significant improvements in driving performance for older drivers by tackling issues related to aging. For this study, two Augmented Reality (AR) HUD virtual car navigation solutions were tested (one screen-fixed, one world-fixed), aiming to improve navigation performance and reduce the discrepancy between younger and older drivers by aiding the appropriate allocation of attention and easing interpretation of navigational information. Twenty-five participants (12 younger, 13 older) undertook a series of drives within a medium-fidelity simulator with three different navigational conditions (virtual car HUD, static HUD arrow graphic, and traditional head-down satnav). Results showed that older drivers tended to achieve navigational success rates similar to the younger group, but experienced higher objective mental workload. Solely for the static HUD arrow graphic, differences in most workload questionnaire items and objective workload between younger and older participants were not significant. The virtual car led to improved navigation performance of all drivers, compared to the other systems. Hence, both AR HUD systems show potential for older drivers, which needs to be further investigated in a real-world driving context.

The Development and Evaluation of Icons for Side Obstacle Warning Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (22) ◽  
pp. 1794-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Brunetti Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Driver Assistance System ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
New Class ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Spot Detection ◽  
Recent Developments

A new class of driver assistance system under development is Side Obstacle Warning (SOW). These systems are designed to alert drivers to the presence of vehicles in adjacent lanes. Two forms of SOW systems being developed are Blind Spot Detection and Lane Change Warning. Both are relatively recent developments, and therefore have few established icons. A production test methodology was employed to develop icons that convey the functionality of the two SOW systems. Thirty drivers were asked to draw icons that conveyed the Blind Spot Detection and Lane Change Warning functions. The illustrations that resulted were categorized according to similarities, from which nine icons were developed for each Blind Spot Detection and Lane Change Warning. Sixty drivers rank ordered those icons in an appropriateness ranking test. The rank orders were analyzed, and the most promising icons for both systems are presented.

scholarly journals Development of Smart Vehicle Blind Spot Detection System Based on 24 GHz Radar Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2726-2730
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Spot Detection ◽  
Smart Vehicle ◽  
24 Ghz

Road safety has become more concern due to the number of accidents that keeps increasing every year. The safety system includes from simple installation such as seat belt, air bag and rear camera to more complicated and intelligent system such as braking assist, lane change assist and blind spot monitoring. This paper proposed a Smart Vehicle Blind Spot Detection System (VBDS) to observe the blind spot region based on ISO 17387: 2008(E). This system is mounted with two programmable 24 GHz radar sensors on the left and right rear side of the car. In addition, this system provides an audible and visual alert to the driver if the system senses any vehicles in the blind spot region using buzzer and LED, respectively. To analyze the performance of the system, test had been conducted at different demography condition. The accuracy of the system is analyzed by comparing number of vehicles detected within blind spot region and ground truth data. This system will alert the driver automatically to ensure the driver safety and reduce road accident. As conclusion, the system had been proofed applicable to use at different demography condition.

scholarly journals Effects of age, experience and training on hazard perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
And Training

Hazard perception (ability to identify dangerous road situations that require evasive action) declines with age and is linked to changes in visual attention and crash risk. Evidence shows that training can improve this ability in older adults. Yet, no study has considered the type of experience (manual versus automatic transmission) these older drivers have. The current study aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of age, experience and training on hazard perception ability. Twenty-four older and 23 middle aged adults (equal number of manual/automatic drivers per age group) were trained in a 20-minute single-session on hazard perception. Results indicate hazard performance declines with age and this is exacerbated with older automatic drivers. Further, the results show that generally training improves for most hazard variable. However, training does does assist older automatic drivers on identifying hazards.

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