scholarly journals Relationship Quality and Cognition Across Race and Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 613-613
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Indira Turney ◽  
Reza Amini ◽  
Benjamin Katz ◽  
Kristine Ajrouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Quality of social relations have increasingly been recognized as an important factor in cognitive health in later adulthood. Less is known about the association of relationship quality with executive functioning (EF) and memory; and whether the links differ by race/ethnicity. In this paper, we investigated the associations between positive and negative quality of relationship with spouse, children, family, and friends with EF and memory across non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Whites. Participants are drawn from Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (N = 2,678). Independent of network size and contact, relationship quality with family was linked to EF. Racial differences were found such that negative relationship quality with children was protective of EF for blacks. Relationship qualities were not associated with memory. These findings indicate that examining quality of relationship with distinct relationships may be essential for understanding the association with cognition, especially in the context of race/ethnicity.

Social Relations and Mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni C. Antonucci ◽  
Kira S. Birditt ◽  
Noah J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Survival Analyses ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Buffering Effects

Among older adults social relationships influence mortality, but it is less clear how. We examined associations between relationship quality with spouse, child, and best friend and mortality; and whether the associations varied in the presence of chronic illnesses. Survival analyses ( N = 514; 59 percent women aged ≥ 60) revealed sometimes counterintuitive main and buffering effects. Individuals who reported greater negative relationship quality with their children and friends lived longer. Buffering models suggest that relationships may exacerbate the effects of chronic illness on mortality and emphasize the importance of using a more nuanced approach when examining the effects of social relations on mortality.

scholarly journals Description of color/race in Brazilian biomedical research

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Veronica Catonho Ribeiro ◽  
Luzitano Brandão Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Race Ethnicity

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Over recent years, the terms race and ethnicity have been used to ascertain inequities in public health. However, this use depends on the quality of the data available. This study aimed to investigate the description of color/race in Brazilian scientific journals within the field of biomedicine. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study with systematic search for scientific articles in the SciELO Brazil database. METHODS: A wide-ranging systematic search for original articles involving humans, published in 32 Brazilian biomedical scientific journals in the SciELO Brazil database between January and December 2008, was performed. Articles in which the race/ethnicity of the participants was identified were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 1,180 articles were analyzed. The terms for describing race or ethnicity were often ambiguous and vague. Descriptions of race or ethnicity occurred in 159 articles (13.4%), but only in 42 (26.4%) was there a description of how individuals were identified. In these, race and ethnicity were used almost interchangeably and definition was according to skin color (71.4%), ancestry (19.0%) and self-definition (9.6%). Twenty-two races or ethnicities were cited, and the most common were white (37.3%), black (19.7%), mixed (12.9%), nonwhite (8.1%) and yellow (8.1%). CONCLUSION: The absence of descriptions of parameters for defining race, as well as the use of vague and ambiguous terms, may hamper and even prevent comparisons between human groups and the use of these data to ascertain inequities in healthcare.

Childhood Abuse and Positive and Negative Relationship Quality in Women: The Role of Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Thomas Ledermann ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz ◽  
Cailyn Hamstra
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Abstract The interpersonal nature of childhood abuse has led researchers to examine how abuse in childhood is associated with the quality of adult women's romantic relationships. Depression is one pathway by which childhood abuse may be associated with relationship quality. The current study considers whether childhood abuse is linked to positive and negative relationship quality through depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from women participating in the Longitudinal Study of Childhood Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN; N = 544) and were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a significant indirect effect from childhood abuse to both positive and negative quality through women's depressive symptoms. The indirect effect from abuse to negative relationship quality through depression was significantly larger than positive relationship quality. These results suggest that childhood abuse and subsequent depressive symptoms has a twofold effect on women's romantic relationships.

scholarly journals What is in a student-faculty relationship? A template analysis of students’ positive and negative critical incidents with faculty and staff in higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Snijders ◽  
Lisette Wijnia ◽  
Hans J. J. Dekker ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Sofie M. M. Loyens
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Template Analysis ◽  
Faculty And Staff

AbstractSupportive relationships between students and their educational faculty and staff can foster positive outcomes such as students’ involvement and development. However, research investigating how students perceive the quality of their relationships with educational faculty/staff (i.e., relationship quality) so far remains scarce. This study’s aim was to gain more insight into the construct of relationship quality in higher education using a qualitative approach. Students’ descriptions of their positive (n = 294) and negative relationship experiences (n = 395) were collected using a critical incident technique (final sample N = 513 critical incidents) followed by a template analysis with a priori themes (i.e., relationship quality dimensions: trust in honesty, trust in benevolence, satisfaction, affective commitment, affective conflict). Results indicated that students most often mentioned trust in honesty and trust in benevolence. Affective conflict was not always explicitly mentioned in negative experiences, nor satisfaction in positive experiences. Descriptions of trust in benevolence (n = 355) were equally distributed over positive and negative incidents. However, trust in honesty was more often referred to in negative (n = 145) than in positive incidents (n = 51). The results indicated that students considered timely response to assignments and emails important, and teachers showing interest and attention. The study’s findings provide a new view of how students might positively and negatively perceive the quality of their relationship with educational faculty and staff. This study adds to the theoretical and practical implications of relationship quality research in higher education and how relational aspects are important for students.

scholarly journals So Close and Yet So Irritating: Negative Relations and Implications for Well-being by Age and Closeness

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira S Birditt ◽  
Carey W Sherman ◽  
Courtney A Polenick ◽  
Lucia Becker ◽  
Noah J Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Negative social relationships are associated with poor health, chronic illness, and mortality. Yet, we know little about the dynamics of negative aspects of relationships within individual’s closest relationships over time, how those experiences vary by age, and the implications of those relationships for well-being. Method A total of 592 participants (ages 25–97; M = 57.5; 63.3% women) from the Social Relations Study completed monthly web surveys for up to 12 months. Each month they reported negative relationship quality with their three closest network members and multiple dimensions of well-being (positive affect, negative affect, self-rated health, and sleep quality). Results Multilevel models revealed older individuals reported less negativity in their relationships than younger people, but fewer age differences in the closest tie. Greater negative relationship quality predicted poor well-being (i.e., greater negative affect, sleep problems). Links between negative relations and well-being were less strong among older individuals; especially in the closest ties. Discussion Results were partially consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, which proposes fewer age-related improvements in emotion regulation when individuals are unable to avoid tensions. Despite feeling just as negative as younger individuals, older individuals may be more resilient to tensions in their closest relationships.

scholarly journals A Polish Adaptation and Validation of the Positive–Negative Relationship Quality (PN-RQ) Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Papińska ◽  
Dariusz Kuncewicz
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
Relationship Assessment

The Positive–Negative Relationship Quality (PN-RQ) scale is used to test the quality of close relationships, taking into account their positive and negative dimensions. The aim of our study was to check the factor structure and criterion validity of the Polish version of this scale, and the possibilities offered by two-dimensional estimation of relationship quality. The validation study involved 740 people (369 female and 371 male) who were in romantic relationships. In addition to the PN-RQ scale, the respondents completed two other relationship quality measures: the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) attachment questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the bi-factor model is suitable for the multidimensional nature of PN-RQ. The results showed the following: high internal consistency of the subscales and the entire scale; compliance with the results obtained with RAS; the possibility of a nuanced assessment of the quality of close relationships, also taking into account the unique differences that arise as a result of anxious or avoidant attachment. The Polish version of the PN-RQ scale is characterized by good psychometric properties and measurement sensitivity; it could be useful in both research and clinical diagnostics.

scholarly journals Race and Ethnicity and Satisfaction With Communication in the Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 823-829
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chuang ◽  
Ryan J. Fiter ◽  
Omar C. Sanon ◽  
Ann Wang ◽  
Aluko A. Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
White Patients

Purpose: Racial and ethnic minority patients receive poorer quality end-of-life (EoL) care compared with white patients. Differences in quality of communication (QOC) with clinicians may contribute to these disparities. We measured differences in satisfaction with communication in the intensive care unit (ICU) by race and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of family members of patients in ICUs of an academic medical center serving a diverse urban population using The Family Satisfaction with the ICU (FS-ICU) and QOC scales. Results: One hundred surveys were completed (18.8% white, non-Hispanic; 34.4% black, non-Hispanic; 31.3% Hispanic; 15.6% other race/ethnicity). Mean FS-ICU score was 84.2 (standard deviation [SD] 20.5) for white patients, 83.3 (SD 16.2) for black patients, 82.7 (SD 17.8) for Hispanic or Latino patients, and 80.9 (SD 18.8) for patients with other race/ethnicity (Kruskal-Wallis, P = .92). Differences remained insignificant when controlling for patient and respondent characteristics. The QOC scale was not scored due to nonresponse levels on questions about EoL communication. Conclusions: Uniformly high ratings may have been influenced by avoidance of EoL discussion. This study is inconclusive regarding whether QOC influences disparities in EoL care since quality of EoL communication was not captured.

scholarly journals Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
Kathy Lee ◽  
Rebecca Mauldin ◽  
John Connolly ◽  
Weizhou Tang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background: Nearly half-million older adults from minority racial and ethnic groups in long term care face disparities in quality of life and quality of care. However, there is little information about the associations between a resident’s race/ethnicity and the types of official complaints lodged. Methods: This project was a mixed methods study using a sequential explanatory design to examine ethnic and racial differences in types of complaints and rates of complaint resolution in a local Ombudsman Program. First, resident race/ethnicity and complaint data were collected from the Ombudsman Program and analyzed. Then, we conducted focus groups with Ombudsman Program staff and volunteers to provide a more complete interpretation of findings from the first phase. Results: Residents from ethnic/racial minority groups were less likely to generate Resident Care complaints and more likely to generate Resident Rights complaints, compared to non-Hispanic White residents (p<.05). Resident Rights, Quality of Life, and Administrative complaints were less likely to be disposed satisfactorily, compared to Resident Care complaints (p<.05). Themes emerged from our qualitative findings include language barriers and more efforts required for residents’ rights due to concerns raised more frequently among minority residents. Implications: Cultural competence training for Ombudsmen as well as care professionals should focus on skills and knowledge that value diversity, understand and respond to their unique concerns. Ombudsmen play an important role as they create an avenue for the residents to discuss their concerns. Implementation research may improve our understanding of the development and delivery of the Ombudsman Program.

Extraverts Have Larger Social Network Layers

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Pollet ◽  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Network Layer ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Social Network Size

Previous studies showed that extraversion influences social network size. However, it is unclear how extraversion affects the size of different layers of the network, and how extraversion relates to the emotional intensity of social relationships. We examined the relationships between extraversion, network size, and emotional closeness for 117 individuals. The results demonstrated that extraverts had larger networks at every layer (support clique, sympathy group, outer layer). The results were robust and were not attributable to potential confounds such as sex, though they were modest in size (raw correlations between extraversion and size of network layer, .20 < r < .23). However, extraverts were not emotionally closer to individuals in their network, even after controlling for network size. These results highlight the importance of considering not just social network size in relation to personality, but also the quality of relationships with network members.

Memperkuat Loyalitas Melalui Kepercayaan, Kepuasan Dan Komitmen Studi Pada Nasabah PT. Bank Cimb Niaga

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Branch Office

Customer loyalty is ‘suspected’not been able to optimizationrepetition of transactions, customer recommendation and durability with the establishment relationship quality of the trust, customer satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, research conducted on Bank CIMB Niaga aims to determine the extent of the trust, and commitment to customer satisfaction can increase X-tra and TabunganKU savings customer loyalty. This research is verification and the method of research is explanatory survey method, the sample is 160 customer X-tra and tabunganKU savings in the branch office Bank CIMB Niaga Bintaro. The analytical method used is structural equation model. The results showed loyalty can be achieved with relationship quality for customers through the establishment of trust, and commitment to customer satisfaction, which all three have a positive influence. Therefore, the management of Bank CIMB Niaga need to improve their ability in trust, satisfactionand commitmentwith the bank's customers to become increasingly favored customers.

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