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Published By Towarzystwo Naukowe Kul

2451-4306, 1507-7888

Author(s):  
Sylwia Jankowicz ◽  
Małgorzata M. Puchalska-Wasyl ◽  
Małgorzata Łysiak

For patients with type 1 diabetes, sense of coherence (SOC), locus of control (LOC) and depression symptoms seem to be important variables in the context of compliance with a treatment regimen. The aim of this article is to describe the functioning of adolescents with type 1 diabetes—to define the common features and differentiating characteristics of the clinical group in comparison with the control group in terms of SOC, LOC and symptoms of depression. The other aim is to check whether LOC mediates the relationship between SOC and depression symptoms in the diabetics group. The study involved 100 adolescents aged 13–17. The clinical group contained adolescents with type 1 diabetes while the control group featured adolescents without diabetes. Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), the Locus of Control Questionnaire (LOCQ) by Krasowicz and Kurzyp-Wojnarska and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) by Kovacs were used. The groups did not differ in their SOC level but varied in the level of depression symptoms and LOC. The clinical and control groups had undetermined and external LOC, respectively. Diabetics also had a lower level of depression symptoms. SOC correlated positively with LOC and negatively with depression symptoms. Additionally, within the clinical group, LOC mediated the relationship between SOC and symptoms of depression. Determining the level of key health variables in type 1 diabetics is important in educating them how to manage their disease. With regard to adolescents without diabetes, the results confirm the need to intensify activities aimed at monitoring their mental state.


Author(s):  
Jaśmina Machlah ◽  
Mariusz Zięba

Prioritizing positivity means making decisions and choices about everyday activities to increase the chances of experiencing positive emotions. People have different levels of prioritizing positivity (PP), and the Prioritizing Positivity Scale is used to capture such individual differences. Past research indicates that prioritizing positivity is conducive to well-being. The following article presents the Polish adaptation of the Prioritizing Positivity Scale (PPS) and its psychometric properties. There were three samples in this study (n1 = 229, n2.= 253, n3 = 226). The method has a single-factor structure and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .84 to .87). Prioritizing positivity measured with the Polish version of the Prioritizing Positivity Scale was associated with several indicators of well-being.


Author(s):  
Maria Lewicka

This paper deals with the issue of psychological essentialism as present in environmental studies. The essentialist belief—that is, the assumption that things have a deep essence that defines their stable identity—has been a recurring theme in environmental psychology. In this paper, I show its relevance for such research areas as environmental perception and the concept of place as a meaningful location. I show that essentialism underlies early phenomenological theories of place and is present in contemporary biophilic theories of environmental perception. I discuss relevant theories and present research findings that justify the claim that people are psychological essentialists when dealing with the physical built environment.


Author(s):  
Czesław S. Nosal

This paper argues that within contemporary neuroscience and cognitive psychology a new theoretical framework is emerging for the integrated consideration of unconscious (intuitive) processing with conscious ones. This framework requires inclusion of new theories of the brain and consciousness dynamics (Baars, Damasio, Dehaene, Friston, Gazzaniga, LeDoux), evolution of the human memory system (Tulving), and theories of procedural, associative and working memory (Baddley, Reber). Evolutionarily old intuitive processing is not unique, and it is an integral component of any cognitive processes. A revolutionary new synthesis combining intuitive and conscious processing may take the form of a mind vector integrating the two.


2021 ◽  
Vol Online First ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kurtek

The implicit attitudes, compared to explicit attitudes moderated by social pressure, play a dominant role in everyday interactions with disabled persons. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to present the development of Implicit Attitudes Test toward Persons with Visual, Intellectual, and Motor Disabilities (IAT-VIMD). It has been developed to compare the favorization vs devaluation tendency towards non-disabled and disabled adults. We applied photographs showing people in everyday situations to assure spontaneous reactions of the respondents. Ninety-two respondents aged 19–22 years took part in the research. The procedure is based on the IAT (Implicit Association Test) index, developed by Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz (1998), i.e. the difference in response time to affective compatible vs non-compatible signals. Statistical analysis confirmed the content validity based on the Competent Judges’ agreement as regards the type of disability, the level of visibility and the level of overall life activity of the object. The external validity was verified with The Conditional Respect for Persons with Disabilities Questionnaire (CRPD-Q) by Kurtek (2018). Next the absolute stability of the test was proved. The presented IAT-VIMD meets the psychometric criteria of content and theoretical validity as well as reliability, and has the potential to become a useful measure of implicit attitudes towards adults with visual, motor and intellectual disabilities in various social groups. The discussion points to the test’s limitations and recommendations for future development and use. In particular, a need for further research on the external validity of the test has been emphasized.


2021 ◽  
Vol Online First ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Ciesielski ◽  
Kamil Janowicz

Parents-in-law are an important part of adult relationships. Contact with them may affect satisfaction and marital success of a married couple. Previous research shows that amount of contact with in-laws, support given by them and conflicts with them have a significant impact on the life of a couple. Little research has explored relationships of parents and parents-in-law with a couple before marriage. Even less is known about the beginnings of these relationships. This research consists of two studies which explored the vision and memories of the first meetings of potential in-laws and parents as a couple. Study 1 (N1 = 34, age M = 23.40, SD = 2.32, Woman = 64.70% N1) asked the participants how they imagined those events, while evaluating stress accompanying them. The participants reported predictions of feeling stressed by both events, but also of excitement, having no expectations, being ashamed by their own parents or being trustful in parents’ behavior. Stress assessments of both events are inconclusive in establishing whether one of them is more stressful than the other. In Study 2 (N2 = 8, age M = 23.50, SD = 2.67, Woman = 62.50% N2) a sample of young adults was interviewed about their memories concerning situations of meeting their in-laws and introducing their partner to their own parents. The respondents recalled 37 features, of which experiencing stress and fear in both situations was common. All reflected on the way that the meeting happened and all but one described how they had prepared for it.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (Online First) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Napora ◽  
Andrzej Sękowski

Being a theatre actor requires specific abilities, such as the ability to function in situations of social exposure, to feel and express different emotions in a short time, and feel exactly like the character they play. This profession is perceived as unique and prestigious. The aim of this research was to establish the predictors of the sense of quality of life in a group of actors. The study involved 52 professional theatre actors. The results showed a positive correlation between the sense of quality of life and dimensions of emotional intelligence, social competences, and self-esteem. Moreover, the predictor that explains the largest variance in the subjective quality of life in the group of actors is the acceptance of emotions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (Online First) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Mirucka ◽  
Monika Kisielewska

This paper investigates the impact of state self-objectification on body image and tests the role of self-esteem in this relationship. The study group consisted of 136 adolescents from a junior high school in Poland, aged 14 to 16 years: 65 boys (Mage = 15; SD = 0.79) and 71 girls (Mage = 14.93; SD = 0.82). Both age groups were relatively homogeneous in terms of demography and BMI. The study consisted of three phases. First, the participants completed demographic measures assessing demographic variables, body image, and self-esteem. The second phase was conducted one week later to induce a temporary state of self-objectification by means of a magnifying mirror. The third phase followed a ten-minute experimental exposure by filling in the Self-Objectification State Questionnaire. A mediation analysis was performed separately in both adolescent groups, according to the approach proposed by Hayes and Preacher (2014). Self-esteem mediated significantly the relationship between state self-objectification and body image. In the group of girls the mediation model produced a complete effect, whereas in the group of boys the mediation effect was partial.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jankowski ◽  
Wacław Bąk

The main aim of this article is to present a descriptive social-cognitive model of the adaptive self-concept (ASC) which integrates knowledge concerning the relationship between two aspects of the self—self-awareness and self-knowledge—and optimal functioning. We propose that adaptive self-awareness is moderately frequent, non-ruminative, focused on inner states, and motivated by curiosity. Adaptive self-knowledge is defined as accurate, complex, integrated and consisting of easily accessible self-beliefs, both abstract and concrete. The broader context for the ASC model is discussed, including its regulatory and interpersonal functions and factors which influence ASC development. The limitations of the model are discussed and suggestions are made for future investigations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fudali-Czyż ◽  
Przemysław Tużnik

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