scholarly journals Description of color/race in Brazilian biomedical research

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Veronica Catonho Ribeiro ◽  
Luzitano Brandão Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Race Ethnicity

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Over recent years, the terms race and ethnicity have been used to ascertain inequities in public health. However, this use depends on the quality of the data available. This study aimed to investigate the description of color/race in Brazilian scientific journals within the field of biomedicine. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study with systematic search for scientific articles in the SciELO Brazil database. METHODS: A wide-ranging systematic search for original articles involving humans, published in 32 Brazilian biomedical scientific journals in the SciELO Brazil database between January and December 2008, was performed. Articles in which the race/ethnicity of the participants was identified were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 1,180 articles were analyzed. The terms for describing race or ethnicity were often ambiguous and vague. Descriptions of race or ethnicity occurred in 159 articles (13.4%), but only in 42 (26.4%) was there a description of how individuals were identified. In these, race and ethnicity were used almost interchangeably and definition was according to skin color (71.4%), ancestry (19.0%) and self-definition (9.6%). Twenty-two races or ethnicities were cited, and the most common were white (37.3%), black (19.7%), mixed (12.9%), nonwhite (8.1%) and yellow (8.1%). CONCLUSION: The absence of descriptions of parameters for defining race, as well as the use of vague and ambiguous terms, may hamper and even prevent comparisons between human groups and the use of these data to ascertain inequities in healthcare.

Race and Ethnicity in Medical Research: Requirements Meet Reality

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Winker
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Policy And Procedure

Race and ethnicity are commonly reported variables in biomedical research, but how they were initially determined is often not described and the rationale for analyzing them is often not provided. JAMA improved the reporting of these factors by implementing a policy and procedure for doing so. However, still lacking are careful consideration of what is actually being measured when race/ethnicity is described, consistent terminology, hypothesis-driven justification for analyzing race/ethnicity, and a consistent and generalizable measurement of socioeconomic status. Furthermore, some studies continue to use race/ethnicity as a proxy for genetics. Research into appropriate measures of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors, as well as education of researchers regarding issues of race/ethnicity, is necessary to clarify the meaning of race/ethnicity in the biomedical literature.

scholarly journals Dry eye researchers and their publications in Asia and Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuh Leong ◽  
Louis Tong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Dry eye, a visually disabling disease that has been reported to be a major public health issue in many countries, is known to induce a significant decrease in quality of life. In this report, we aim to compile information on the investigators of dry eye that published most frequently in peer reviewed scientific journals and the publications in Asia and Europe.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inappropriate Image Duplication in Biomedical Research Publications

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Ferric C. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Actual Prevalence

ABSTRACT Inaccurate data in scientific papers can result from honest error or intentional falsification. This study attempted to determine the percentage of published papers that contain inappropriate image duplication, a specific type of inaccurate data. The images from a total of 20,621 papers published in 40 scientific journals from 1995 to 2014 were visually screened. Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with problematic images has risen markedly during the past decade. Additional papers written by authors of papers with problematic images had an increased likelihood of containing problematic images as well. As this analysis focused only on one type of data, it is likely that the actual prevalence of inaccurate data in the published literature is higher. The marked variation in the frequency of problematic images among journals suggests that journal practices, such as prepublication image screening, influence the quality of the scientific literature.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inappropriate Image Duplication in Biomedical Research Publications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Ferric C. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Actual Prevalence

ABSTRACTInaccurate data in scientific papers can result from honest error or intentional falsification. This study attempted to determine the percentage of published papers containing inappropriate image duplication, a specific type of inaccurate data. The images from a total of 20,621 papers in 40 scientific journals from 1995-2014 were visually screened. Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with problematic images rose markedly during the past decade. Additional papers written by authors of papers with problematic images had an increased likelihood of containing problematic images as well. As this analysis focused only on one type of data, it is likely that the actual prevalence of inaccurate data in the published literature is higher. The marked variation in the frequency of problematic images among journals suggest that journal practices, such as pre-publication image screening, influence the quality of the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Commentary: Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research – Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dame Idossa ◽  
Narjust Duma ◽  
Katerina Chekhovskiy ◽  
Ronald Go ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The use of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has been a subject of debate for the past three decades. Initially the two ma­jor race categories were: White and Black, leaving other minorities uncounted or inap­propriately misclassified. As the science of health disparities evolves, more sophisticat­ed and detailed information has been add­ed to large databases. Despite the addition of new racial classifications, including multi-racial denominations, the quality of the data is limited to the data collection process and other social misconceptions. Although race is viewed as an imposed or ascribed status, ethnicity is an achieved status, making it a more challenging variable to include in biomedical research. Ambiguity between race and ethnicity often exists, ultimately affecting the value of both variables. To bet­ter understand specific health outcomes or disparities of groups, it is necessary to col­lect subgroup-specific data. Cultural percep­tions and practices, health experiences, and susceptibility to disease vary greatly among broad racial-ethnic groups and requires the collection of nuanced data to understand. Here, we provide an overview of the clas­sification of race and ethnicity in the United States over time, the existing challenges in using race and ethnicity in biomedical re­search and future research directions. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):561-564; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.561.

scholarly journals Persisting problems related to race and ethnicity in public health and epidemiology research

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Moubarac
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Race And Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

A recent and comprehensive review of the use of race and ethnicity in research that address health disparities in epidemiology and public health is provided. First it is described the theoretical basis upon which race and ethnicity differ drawing from previous work in anthropology, social science and public health. Second, it is presented a review of 280 articles published in high impacts factor journals in regards to public health and epidemiology from 2009-2011. An analytical grid enabled the examination of conceptual, theoretical and methodological questions related to the use of both concepts. The majority of articles reviewed were grounded in a theoretical framework and provided interpretations from various models. However, key problems identified include a) a failure from researchers to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity; b) an inappropriate use of racial categories to ascribe ethnicity; c) a lack of transparency in the methods used to assess both concepts; and d) failure to address limits associated with the construction of racial or ethnic taxonomies and their use. In conclusion, future studies examining health disparities should clearly establish the distinction between race and ethnicity, develop theoretically driven research and address specific questions about the relationships between race, ethnicity and health. One argue that one way to think about ethnicity, race and health is to dichotomize research into two sets of questions about the relationship between human diversity and health.

scholarly journals Relationship Quality and Cognition Across Race and Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 613-613
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Indira Turney ◽  
Reza Amini ◽  
Benjamin Katz ◽  
Kristine Ajrouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Quality of social relations have increasingly been recognized as an important factor in cognitive health in later adulthood. Less is known about the association of relationship quality with executive functioning (EF) and memory; and whether the links differ by race/ethnicity. In this paper, we investigated the associations between positive and negative quality of relationship with spouse, children, family, and friends with EF and memory across non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Whites. Participants are drawn from Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (N = 2,678). Independent of network size and contact, relationship quality with family was linked to EF. Racial differences were found such that negative relationship quality with children was protective of EF for blacks. Relationship qualities were not associated with memory. These findings indicate that examining quality of relationship with distinct relationships may be essential for understanding the association with cognition, especially in the context of race/ethnicity.

scholarly journals Kualitas Lingkungan Fisik Penderita TB Paru BTA di Kecamatan Salo Kampar Tahun 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
Nurhuda Inur ◽  
Beny Yulianto ◽  
Nurhapipa Nurhapipa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Hiv Aids

Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular langsung yang disebabkan oleh kuman TB (Mycobacterium Tuberkulosis). Faktor yang mempengaruhi kemungkinan seseorang menjadi pasien TB adalah daya tahan tubuh yang rendah, diantaranya infeksi HIV/AIDS, malnutrisi (gizi buruk), serta faktor lingkungan seperti ventilasi rumah, pencahayaan, dan kepadatan hunian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah kualitas fisik lingkungan rumah penderita TB Paru BTA Positif di Kecamatan Salo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode observasi. Tempat Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Salo. Waktu Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni 2020, jumlah sampel sebanyak 19 rumah penderita TB Paru BTA Positif Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian bahwa kondisi fisik rumah seperti:  ventilasi, kepadatan hunian, kelembaban dan pencahayaan tidak memenuhi syarat. Diharapkan kepada puskesmas Salo dapat memberikan penyuluhan secara berkala untuk mengurangi penderita TB Paru BTA positif. Tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by the TB germ (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis). Factors that influence a person's likelihood of becoming a TB Patient are low immunity, including HIV/AIDS infection, malnutrition (malnutrition), as well as environmental factors such as house ventilation, lighting, and occupancy density. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical quality of the home environment of patients with BTA Positive Lung TB in Salo District. This research is a descriptive study with the method of observation. This research place is in the Salo District. The study was conducted from Mei to June 2020, the number of samples was 19 houses. Based on the results of the study, the physical conditions of the house  such  as:  ventilation,  occupancy  density, humidity and lighting did not meet the requirements. It is hoped that the Salo public health  care  can  provide  regular  counseling  to  reduce  positive  Tuberculosis patients.  

scholarly journals Nursing Care to Evaluate, Prevent, and Treat Cutaneous Xerosis in the Elderly

Aquichan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ronny Anderson de Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Glenda Agra ◽  
Jacira dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Pereira ◽  
Maria Emília Limeira Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Age Range

Objective: Identify nursing care performed by nurses to evaluate, prevent, and treat cutaneous xerosis in the elderly. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with quantitative approach, conducted with 101 care nurses working in the medical clinic and in the intensive care units of four hospitals in Paraíba, Brazil. The data collection took place between July and September 2018 through an instrument composed of sociodemographic variables and by items related with nursing care. The statistical analysis was performed by distribution and frequency calculations, central tendency measures, standard deviation, and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Results: The majority stated always considering the age range (84.2 %), assessing skin color (83.2 %), evaluating skin turgor and elasticity (64.4 %), looking for the existence of skin fissures (53.5 %), and noticing the existence of lesions on the skin (90.1 %). Of the participating professionals, 83.2 % reported never having used imported equipment to evaluate skin hydration. Conclusions: The study showed that nurses emphasized the importance of considering age range, assessing skin color, being aware of areas with hyperemia, and noticing the existence of lesions, as well as the need for continuing education to improve the quality of care.

scholarly journals Race and Ethnicity and Satisfaction With Communication in the Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 823-829
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chuang ◽  
Ryan J. Fiter ◽  
Omar C. Sanon ◽  
Ann Wang ◽  
Aluko A. Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
White Patients

Purpose: Racial and ethnic minority patients receive poorer quality end-of-life (EoL) care compared with white patients. Differences in quality of communication (QOC) with clinicians may contribute to these disparities. We measured differences in satisfaction with communication in the intensive care unit (ICU) by race and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of family members of patients in ICUs of an academic medical center serving a diverse urban population using The Family Satisfaction with the ICU (FS-ICU) and QOC scales. Results: One hundred surveys were completed (18.8% white, non-Hispanic; 34.4% black, non-Hispanic; 31.3% Hispanic; 15.6% other race/ethnicity). Mean FS-ICU score was 84.2 (standard deviation [SD] 20.5) for white patients, 83.3 (SD 16.2) for black patients, 82.7 (SD 17.8) for Hispanic or Latino patients, and 80.9 (SD 18.8) for patients with other race/ethnicity (Kruskal-Wallis, P = .92). Differences remained insignificant when controlling for patient and respondent characteristics. The QOC scale was not scored due to nonresponse levels on questions about EoL communication. Conclusions: Uniformly high ratings may have been influenced by avoidance of EoL discussion. This study is inconclusive regarding whether QOC influences disparities in EoL care since quality of EoL communication was not captured.

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