scholarly journals Types of Insomnia Mediate the Relation between Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Longitudinally in Late Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 901-901
Author(s):  
Courtney Bolstad ◽  
Michael Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
National Health ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Direct Effect ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The current study examined onset and maintenance insomnia as mediators of the relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms over a three-year period in a sample of older adults. We hypothesized that anxiety symptoms at timepoint one would significantly predict depressive symptoms at timepoint four, while controlling for depressive symptoms at timepoint one. We also hypothesized that this effect would be significantly reduced when adding onset and maintenance insomnia at timepoint two and three, respectively, as mediators. Participants included 3,484 older adults, ages 66 to 103 (M = 77, SD = 7), included in the National Health and Aging Trends Study who completed measures of types of insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms at four different timepoints (2012 through 2015). The model showed a significant direct effect of anxiety on depressive symptoms at timepoint four, independent of baseline depressive symptoms. The relation was mediated by onset and maintenance insomnia, though a significant direct effect remained. Therefore, types of insomnia contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in older adults with anxiety symptoms over time, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Further, onset and maintenance insomnia are unique outcomes and predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Our findings provide a foundation for future intervention research with clinical samples that control for confounding variables in further elucidating the development and change in depressive symptoms among older adults with anxiety through onset and maintenance insomnia.

scholarly journals DON’T WORRY, BE HAPPY NOW, PET OWNERS: THE RELATION BETWEEN PET OWNERSHIP AND ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S165-S165
Author(s):  
Courtney J Bolstad ◽  
Carolyn E Adams-Price ◽  
Michael R Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Pets can provide older adults a means of social support, which can combat problems faced in later life including loneliness, anxiety, and depression. However, current research findings in this area are mixed. The current study explored the differences in anxiety and depression between pet owners and non-pet owners and how pet ownership was associated with these symptoms after accounting for other established correlates. We hypothesized pet owners would endorse fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than non-pet owners and owning a pet would be associated with these symptoms even after accounting for other common correlates. Participants included 608 older adults aged 70 to 95 that were included in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging. As hypothesized, results indicated that pet owners endorsed significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than non-pet owners. Hierarchical regressions indicated that owning a pet explained a significant amount of variance in anxiety symptoms even after controlling for depression, self-reported health, and demographics. However, owning a pet did not have a significant association with depressive symptoms after accounting for anxiety, self-reported health, and demographics. These results suggest that lower rates of anxiety and depression are related to owning a pet and that pet ownership is associated with fewer anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, independent of several established correlates of anxiety. Future research is needed to determine the specific mechanisms of pet ownership that comprise this relationship as well as whether pet ownership may longitudinally reduce or buffer against anxiety in late life.

scholarly journals Health and social care service utilisation and associated expenditure among community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Lu ◽  
Tianyin Liu ◽  
Gloria H. Y. Wong ◽  
Dara K. Y. Leung ◽  
Lesley C. Y. Sze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Social Care Service ◽  
Health And Social Care

Abstract Aims Late-life depression has substantial impacts on individuals, families and society. Knowledge gaps remain in estimating the economic impacts associated with late-life depression by symptom severity, which has implications for resource prioritisation and research design (such as in modelling). This study examined the incremental health and social care expenditure of depressive symptoms by severity. Methods We analysed data collected from 2707 older adults aged 60 years and over in Hong Kong. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Client Service Receipt Inventory were used, respectively, to measure depressive symptoms and service utilisation as a basis for calculating care expenditure. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental expenditure associated with symptom severity over 1 year. Results The average PHQ-9 score was 6.3 (standard deviation, s.d. = 4.0). The percentages of respondents with mild, moderate and moderately severe symptoms and non-depressed were 51.8%, 13.5%, 3.7% and 31.0%, respectively. Overall, the moderately severe group generated the largest average incremental expenditure (US$5886; 95% CI 1126–10 647 or a 272% increase), followed by the mild group (US$3849; 95% CI 2520–5177 or a 176% increase) and the moderate group (US$1843; 95% CI 854–2831, or 85% increase). Non-psychiatric healthcare was the main cost component in a mild symptom group, after controlling for other chronic conditions and covariates. The average incremental association between PHQ-9 score and overall care expenditure peaked at PHQ-9 score of 4 (US$691; 95% CI 444–939), then gradually fell to negative between scores of 12 (US$ - 35; 95% CI - 530 to 460) and 19 (US$ -171; 95% CI - 417 to 76) and soared to positive and rebounded at the score of 23 (US$601; 95% CI -1652 to 2854). Conclusions The association between depressive symptoms and care expenditure is stronger among older adults with mild and moderately severe symptoms. Older adults with the same symptom severity have different care utilisation and expenditure patterns. Non-psychiatric healthcare is the major cost element. These findings inform ways to optimise policy efforts to improve the financial sustainability of health and long-term care systems, including the involvement of primary care physicians and other geriatric healthcare providers in preventing and treating depression among older adults and related budgeting and accounting issues across services.

scholarly journals Cognitive Functioning and Late-Life Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Koenig ◽  
Rishi K. Bhalla ◽  
Meryl A. Butters
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis brief report provides an introduction to the topic of cognitive functioning in late-life depression (LLD). In addition to providing a review of the literature, we present a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of cognitive outcomes in this highly prevalent disorder. In addition, we discuss the relationship between LLD and dementia, and highlight the importance of regularly assessing cognitive functioning in older adults who present with depressive symptoms. If cognitive deficits are discovered during a neuropsychological assessment, we recommend referral to a geriatric psychiatrist or cognitive neurologist, for evaluation and treatment of the patient’s symptoms. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–7)

scholarly journals Longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions and cognitive functioning: a cross-domain latent growth curve analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brailean ◽  
M. J. Aartsen ◽  
G. Muniz-Terrera ◽  
M. Prince ◽  
A. M. Prina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundCognitive impairment and depression often co-occur in older adults, but it is not clear whether depression is a risk factor for cognitive decline, a psychological reaction to cognitive decline, or whether changes in depressive symptoms correlate with changes in cognitive performance over time. The co-morbid manifestation of depression and cognitive impairment may reflect either a causal effect or a common cause, depending on the specific symptoms experienced and the cognitive functions affected.MethodThe study sample comprised 1506 community-dwelling older adults aged ⩾65 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). We conducted cross-domain latent growth curve analyses to examine longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions (i.e. depressed affect, positive affect, and somatic symptoms) and specific domains of cognitive functioning (i.e. processing speed, inductive reasoning, immediate recall, and delayed recall).ResultsPoorer delayed recall performance at baseline predicted a steeper increase in depressed affect over time. Steeper decline in processing speed correlated with a steeper increase in somatic symptoms of depression over time.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a prospective association between memory function and depressed affect, whereby older adults may experience an increase in depressed affect in reaction to poor memory function. Somatic symptoms of depression increased concurrently with declining processing speed, which may reflect common neurodegenerative processes. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that depression symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline in the general population. These findings have potential implications for the treatment of late-life depression and for the prognosis of cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Relationships Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Objective Memory: Depressive Symptoms Mediate Between-Person Associations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nikki L. Hill ◽  
Sakshi Bhargava ◽  
Emily Bratlee-Whitaker ◽  
Jennifer R. Turner ◽  
Monique J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Over Time

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, but depressive symptoms can confound this relationship. Associations may be influenced by differences between individuals (i.e., between-persons) or how each individual changes in their experiences over time (i.e., within-persons). Objective: We examined depressive symptoms as a mediator of the between- and within-person associations of SCD and objective memory in older adults. Methods: Coordinated analyses were conducted across four datasets drawn from large longitudinal studies. Samples (range: n = 1,889 to n = 15,841) included participants 65 years of age or older with no dementia at baseline. We used multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the mediation of SCD and objective memory through depressive symptoms, as well as direct relationships among SCD, objective memory, and depressive symptoms. Results: Older adults who were more likely to report SCD had lower objective memory on average (between-person associations), and depressive symptoms partially mediated this relationship in three of four datasets. However, changes in depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between reports of SCD and declines in objective memory in three of four datasets (within-person associations). Conclusion: Individual differences in depressive symptoms, and not changes in an individual’s depressive symptoms over time, partially explain the link between SCD and objective memory. Older adults with SCD and depressive symptoms may be at greater risk for poor cognitive outcomes. Future research should explore how perceived changes in memory affect other aspects of psychological well-being, and how these relationships influence cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease risk.

scholarly journals Black-White Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. P136-P142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Skarupski ◽  
C. F. Mendes de Leon ◽  
J. L. Bienias ◽  
L. L. Barnes ◽  
S. A. Everson-Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Perceived personal deadlines for late-life preparation across adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Fiona S. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Throughout adulthood, individuals follow personal timetables of deadlines that shape the course of aging. We examine 6-year-longitudinal data of perceived personal deadlines for starting with late-life preparation across adulthood. Findings are based on a sample of 518 adults between 18 and 88 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore changes in personal deadlines for preparation in five domains (i.e., finances, end of life, housing, social connectedness, caregiving) in relation to calendar age, self-rated health, subjective position in life, and sociodemographic variables. Findings suggest that personal deadlines for starting preparatory activities differ depending on calendar age and domain of late-life preparation. Older adults as compared to younger adults are likely to report narrower deadlines for beginning with late-life preparation. Perceived deadlines for late-life preparation were furthermore found to be preponed and slightly dilated over time. Findings suggest that depending on age-graded opportunity structures, individuals flexibly adjust their personal deadlines for late-life preparation.

scholarly journals THE EARLY BIRD GETS THE WORM, NOT ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION: HOW INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS PREDICT ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S45-S45
Author(s):  
Courtney J Bolstad ◽  
Anisha L Thomas ◽  
Michael R Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Early Bird ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Symptoms of insomnia are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults, yet less is known about the impact of specific forms of insomnia (i.e. onset, maintenance, and terminal insomnia). We explored how insomnia type predicted symptoms of anxiety and depression in older adults (n = 133; mean age 69, range 65-89). We hypothesized that onset and maintenance insomnia would have stronger relations to depression and anxiety than terminal insomnia. Regression analyses indicated that onset insomnia was the only significant predictor of anxiety symptoms, and maintenance was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Thus, our findings suggest that despite overlap between depression and anxiety, insomnia may have different mechanisms of affecting each disorder. Implications for the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms by addressing insomnia problems will be discussed.

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