scholarly journals Cognitive dispersion predicts grip strength trajectories in men but not women in a sample of the oldest-old without dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamlyn Watermeyer ◽  
Fernando Massa ◽  
Jantje Goerdten ◽  
Lucy Stirland ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cut-off points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated ageing-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and ageing-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors. Results Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women. Discussion and Implications Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and ageing-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.

scholarly journals Hand Grip Strength and Gender: Allometric Normalization in Older Adults and Implications for the NIOSH Lifting Equation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Gail Sevene ◽  
Joseph Berning ◽  
Chad Harris ◽  
Mike Climstein ◽  
Kent Jason Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Niosh Lifting Equation

Influence of Physician Sex and Gender on Prescribing Practices Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2767
Author(s):  
Anamika Mishra ◽  
Stephanie H. Read ◽  
Paula A. Rochon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals DISTINCT PREVALENCE OF SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG DIFFERENT BRAZILIAN REGIONS, SEX AND GENDER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyllians Borelli ◽  
Carolina Formoso ◽  
Andrei Bieger ◽  
Eduardo Zimmer ◽  
Marcia Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Background: Subjective Cognitive Decline may represent the earliest clinical manifestation of the Alzheimer’s continuum. A continental-size country like Brazil demands regionalized strategies to provide adequate public health strategies. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of SCD in Brazilian regions, sex and genders. Methods: Data was gathered from a complex-sample epidemiological study named ELSI (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de Idosos). SCD criteria was applied within the dataset. Weighting for complex-sampling was performed. Data was analyzed according to national region, sex and gender. Results: Overall nationwide prevalence of SCD was 15.48%. Prevalence of SCD was the highest in Midwest (19.9%), followed by Northeast (17%), North (16.9%), South (14.6%) and Southeast (14.2%, p <0.0001). Among adults, males in the North showed the highest prevalence of SCD (27.5%), while the lowest prevalence was in females in the Southeast (14.4%). Among older adults, the highest prevalence was in females in the North (19.2%), while females in the Southeast showed the lowest (11.2%). Prevalence of SCD was statistically similar in females and males (15.6% vs. 16.1%, p=0.6). Conclusions: Brazil exhibits distinct profiles of SCD according to regions, sex and genders that should be analyzed by policymakers in public health. The Midwest presented the highest prevalence of SCD. Individually, male adults and female older adults in the North presented the highest prevalence in Brazil.

What do subjective cognitive complaints in persons with aging-associated cognitive decline reflect?

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kliegel ◽  
Daniel Zimprich ◽  
Anne Eschen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Depressive Affect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints have been included in diagnostic concepts such as Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline (AACD) aiming to identify older adults with cognitive impairments at high risk of developing dementia. Although several studies in normal aging have found that subjective cognitive complaints are related to depressive affect and personality factors, little is known as to whether this is also true for older adults with AACD.Methods: In 123 older adults diagnosed with AACD and 291 controls, the role of actual cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness in predicting subjective cognitive complaints was investigated. In separate ordinary least squares regression analyses for both groups with gender, age, years of schooling, cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness as predicting variables, in the control participants, gender, age, depressive affect and neuroticism were related to subjective cognitive complaints, whereas in the AACD participants only gender and neuroticism accounted for variance in subjective cognitive complaints. Testing for group differences in predictive power, revealed differential effects for gender, depressive affect and neuroticism.Conclusions: As subjective cognitive complaints in the AACD group were related to neuroticism and gender rather than to cognitive performance, their inclusion in diagnostic concepts such as AACD should be revaluated. However, the nature of subjective cognitive complaints might be qualitatively different in persons diagnosed with AACD compared to those stated by normal older adults.

scholarly journals Frailty trajectories in the oldest old: Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Emiel O. Hoogendijk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether frailty index (FI) change captures mortality risk better than and independently of the current FI level, i.e. whether a regular FI assessment among older adults provides additional insights for mortality risk stratification or not. METHODS: We used data from the LASA 75-PLUS-study, which monitored health among 508 older adults (75+) between 2016-2019 every 9 months. Joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data were used to assess the impact of both current FI and within-person FI change during the last year on mortality risk. RESULTS: 20% of the participants died during 4.5 years of follow-up. Adding within-person FI change to the current FI model improved model fit and it showed that FI increases during the last year were associated with a strong increase in mortality risk. Consequently, the effect of the current FI decreased considerably and became statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of FI change was more important than the current FI level for short-term mortality prediction among the oldest old, which highlights the benefits of regular frailty assessments.

scholarly journals Association of Grip Strength with Quality of Life in the Chinese Oldest Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12394
Author(s):  
Boqin Xie ◽  
Chenjuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Emerging studies have suggested an association between grip strength and health-related quality of life (QOL). However, evidence for which specific domains of QOL are associated with grip strength remains limited and inconsistent. Particularly, such evidence is scarce in the oldest old, who constitute one of the most vulnerable populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between grip strength and overall QOL as well as specific domains in the oldest old. It included 400 community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years or older from Shanghai, China. QOL was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life of Older Adults instrument, and grip strength was measured using a digital spring-type dynamometer. On average, the overall QOL score was 54.68 (SD = 12.05). Estimates of risk-adjusted linear regressions indicated that higher grip strength was associated with better overall QOL (β = 4.40, p < 0.001) as well as the domains of autonomy (β = 6.74, p < 0.001); fulfillment with past, present, and future activities and achievements (β = 3.52, p = 0.004); and satisfaction with social participation (β = 6.72, p < 0.001). Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining or improving grip strength in delaying or reducing the decline in QOL among the community-dwelling oldest old. Also noteworthy is that the associations between grip strength and specific domains of QOL in the oldest old vary.

scholarly journals Gender Precarity: Gender Identity and the Economy of Authenticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Benjamin Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Trouble

In this paper I examine the role of authenticity within contemporary debates about gender identity with an eye to exploring the structure of sex and gender-based oppressions - with particular consideration with the marginalisation of trans subjects. I begin with a return to Butler's Gender Trouble to critically examine her ontology of gender and the suggestion that gender cannot be a matter of authenticity. Though this disagrees with the common schematic of trans identity mobilised within contemporary identity politics, this paper seeks to use this critique to provide a deeper explanation of trans oppression within the context of Butler's heterosexual matrix. The aim of this move is to situate trans struggles as central within philosophical feminist theory - whilst breaking from several of the shortcomings of contemporary identity ontology. These considerations will then be explored alongside Butler's work in Precarious Life, wherein the oppression of trans people will be explored in how these subjects bear a greater burden of authenticity - wherein trans genders are automatically regarded as authentic whereas cis genders remain unquestioned. This contextualises the rhetorical and ontological move adopted by many trans activists whereby they present gender as a matter of absolute and inviolable fact - which is incompatible with Butler's ontology of gender. Using bother of Butler's texts, we can regard this move as the pursuit of an impossible security, a move that serves to obscure the inauthenticity of gender overall. Instead, we are encouraged to embrace in inauthenticity of gender and to refuse to allow ourselves to sink into an economy of authenticity that marginalises trans subjects.

scholarly journals On the Category of Sex and Grammatical Gender in the Polish Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Marta Nowosad-Bakalarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Common Content ◽  
Biological Differences

The article is concerned with the selected aspects of the relation between sex and gender in the Polish language. The starting point for the discussion is the notion of sex – formed on the basis of the existing (and visible) biological differences in the world of humans and animals, grounded (and reproduced) in culture (i.e. the notion of gender). The aim of the discussion is to realize how these notions are encoded in the Polish language.It has been assumed that the category of biological sex underlies the linguistic category of gender understood, however, broadly, i.e. as a set of heterogenous linguistic forms interrelated by the common content, i.e. the meaning of sex/gender. The description of the category understood this way requires a holistic view of language as a tool for expressing thoughts (relative to its various levels, including the context of use) and also using the procedure “from meaning to form”.In the article, the author presents different types of markers of masculinity and femininity in the Polish language, i.e. lexical, morphological (inflexional and word-formative), textual, and contextual. It has been determined that in the case of concrete instances of language use, one deals with various combinations of the above mentioned indicators.

scholarly journals Predicting quality of life with physical and cognitive functioning among older adults with cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 701-701
Author(s):  
Rhayun Song ◽  
Moonkyoung Park ◽  
Jisu Seo ◽  
Yuelin Li ◽  
Fan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Purpose Older adults experience abnormal declines in physical and cognitive functioning that increase their risk of dependence, subsequently quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical and cognitive functioning, and to predict quality of life among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methods Survey was conducted with older adults registered at dementia support centers. Seventy-four older adults signed the consent form and participated in the study. physical functioning consisted of grip strength, balance (OLS), Timed up and go, and activities of daily living. Cognitive functioning was measured by K-MOCA. SF-12 was used to assess quality of life. Results The participants was 76 years old on average, more women (75.4%), and mostly elementary or less education level (60.9%). Physical functioning explained 22.1% of variance in cognitive functioning after controlling for age and gender (F change=4.789, p=.002). Balance (OLS: t=2.304, p=.024) and grip strength (t=2.207, p=.031) was significant predictors. Physical and cognitive functioning explained 36.7% of variance in quality of life after controlling for age and gender (F =5.466, p&lt;.001). Indicators of physical functioning, TUG (t=-3.252) and grip strength (t=-2.633), were the most significant predictors of quality of life, while cognitive function explained additional 3.1% of variance in quality of life (F=3.216, p=.078). Conclusion Physical functioning were significant predictors of cognitive functioning, subsequently to quality of life among older adults with cognitive impairment. Health promoting strategies should focus on improving physical functioning of this population to maintain or prevent cognitive declining, and to promote quality of life.

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