scholarly journals A Coordinated Analysis of the Associations Among Personality Traits, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Eileen Graham ◽  
Kathryn Jackson ◽  
Bryan James ◽  
Emily Willroth ◽  
Daniel Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Regression

Abstract There are considerable individual differences in the rates of cognitive decline across later adulthood. Personality traits are among the factors that may account for some of these differences. The current project investigated whether personality traits were associated with trajectories of cognitive decline, and whether the associations were different before and after dementia diagnosis. The data were analyzed using linear mixed effect regression models. Across study aims was a focus on replicability and generalizability. Each question was address in four independent longitudinal studies (EAS, MAP, ROS, SATSA), and then meta-analyzed using random effects meta-analysis, providing estimates of heterogeneity. As expected, we detected evidence for cognitive decline in all four samples. Results also indicated that neuroticism and openness were associated with total cognitive function. and openness was associated with decline post dementia diagnosis.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COGNITIVE RESILIENCE IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S778-S778
Author(s):  
Eileen K Graham ◽  
Bryan James ◽  
Daniel K Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract There are considerable individual differences in the rates of cognitive decline across later adulthood. Personality traits are one set of factors that may account for some of these differences. The current project explores whether personality traits are associated with trajectories of cognitive decline, and whether the associations are different before and after a diagnosis of dementia. The data will be analyzed using linear mixed effects regression. Across these goals is a focus on replicability and generalizability. Each of these questions will be addressed in four independent longitudinal studies of aging (EAS, MAP, ROS, SATSA), then meta-analyzed, thus providing an estimate of the replicability of our results. This study is part of a registered report of existing data that is currently under stage 1 review.

Long-Term Cognitive Decline After Stroke: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica W. Lo ◽  
John D. Crawford ◽  
David W. Desmond ◽  
Hee-Joon Bae ◽  
Jae-Sung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Global Cognition

Background and Purpose: Poststroke cognitive impairment is common, but the trajectory and magnitude of cognitive decline after stroke is unclear. We examined the course and determinants of cognitive change after stroke using individual participant data from the Stroke and Cognition Consortium. Methods: Nine longitudinal hospital-based cohorts from 7 countries were included. Neuropsychological test scores and normative data were used to calculate standardized scores for global cognition and 5 cognitive domains. One-step individual participant data meta-analysis was used to examine the rate of change in cognitive function and risk factors for cognitive decline after stroke. Stroke-free controls were included to examine rate differences. Based on the literature and our own data that showed short-term improvement in cognitive function after stroke, key analyses were restricted to the period beginning 1-year poststroke to focus on its long-term effects. Results: A total of 1488 patients (mean age, 66.3 years; SD, 11.1; 98% ischemic stroke) were followed for a median of 2.68 years (25th–75th percentile: 1.21–4.14 years). After an initial period of improvement through up to 1-year poststroke, decline was seen in global cognition and all domains except executive function after adjusting for age, sex, education, vascular risk factors, and stroke characteristics (−0.053 SD/year [95% CI, −0.073 to −0.033]; P <0.001 for global cognition). Recurrent stroke and older age were associated with faster decline. Decline was significantly faster in patients with stroke compared with controls (difference=−0.078 SD/year [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.045]; P <0.001 for global cognition in a subgroup analysis). Conclusions: Patients with stroke experience cognitive decline that is faster than that of stroke-free controls from 1 to 3 years after onset. An increased rate of decline is associated with older age and recurrent stroke.

Application of Mixed-Effect Regression Models for Compiling a Land Value Map

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Cellmer ◽  
Aneta Cichulska ◽  
Malgorzata Renigier-Bilozor ◽  
Andrzej Bilozor
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Regression

Adverse effects of ADT on cognitive function and dementia for men with prostate cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 150-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Sun ◽  
Alexander Cole ◽  
Nawar Hanna ◽  
Adam S. Kibel ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

150 Background: Nearly 50% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer may receive treatment with some form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While some side effects of ADT are well acknowledged, the specific impact of ADT on cognitive function is uncertain. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the impact of ADT on overall cognitive decline, and the risks of Alzheimers, Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through search of English language articles indexed in PubMed Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge/Science. First, we assessed rates of cognitive decline in five cohorts from three studies. Second, we assessed rates of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson disease using three large retrospective studies. A pooled-analysis was conducted using a meta-analysis. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan and a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. The heterogeneity test was measured using the Q-Mantel-Haenszel ( P< 0.10 was considered of significant heterogeneity). Results: With respect to overall cognitive decline (defined as scoring 1.5 standard deviations [SD] in two or more objective cognitive tests), patients receiving ADT had higher odds of overall cognitive decline than patients with prostate cancer not treated with ADT or health controls (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.42–2.90). Furthermore, men with a history of ADT for prostate cancer had higher odds of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson dementia compared to men with prostate cancer not treated with ADT (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.27–1.37). Conclusions: Men receiving ADT for prostate cancer performed significantly worse on measures of overall cognitive function. Additionally, results from the three large observational trials included suggest men exposed to ADT for prostate cancer have higher rates of Parkinson/Alzheimer’s compared to men without ADT.

scholarly journals Recurrent delirium over 12 months predicts dementia: results of the Delirium and Cognitive Impact in Dementia (DECIDE) study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J Richardson ◽  
Daniel H J Davis ◽  
Blossom C M Stephan ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Delirium is common, distressing and associated with poor outcomes. Previous studies investigating the impact of delirium on cognitive outcomes have been limited by incomplete ascertainment of baseline cognition or lack of prospective delirium assessments. This study quantified the association between delirium and cognitive function over time by prospectively ascertaining delirium in a cohort aged ≥ 65 years in whom baseline cognition had previously been established. Methods For 12 months, we assessed participants from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II-Newcastle for delirium daily during hospital admissions. At 1-year, we assessed cognitive decline and dementia in those with and without delirium. We evaluated the effect of delirium (including its duration and number of episodes) on cognitive function over time, independently of baseline cognition and illness severity. Results Eighty two of 205 participants recruited developed delirium in hospital (40%). One-year outcome data were available for 173 participants: 18 had a new dementia diagnosis, 38 had died. Delirium was associated with cognitive decline (−1.8 Mini-Mental State Examination points [95% CI –3.5 to –0.2]) and an increased risk of new dementia diagnosis at follow up (OR 8.8 [95% CI 1.9–41.4]). More than one episode and more days with delirium (&gt;5 days) were associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Conclusions Delirium increases risk of future cognitive decline and dementia, independent of illness severity and baseline cognition, with more episodes associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Given that delirium has been shown to be preventable in some cases, we propose that delirium is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia.

Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenbo Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Luo ◽  
Changzheng Yuan ◽  
Ding Ding
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Objective: To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155–7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. Conclusion: The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.

Association of Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Decline among Cognitively Normal Elders Over Time (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhua Guo ◽  
Mandela William Nzoyoum Kuetche ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND While sleep disturbances (SD) has been shown to be associated with worse cognition, but the causal relationship between the two subjects to debate. Our objective was to investigate the longitudinal impact of SD on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of self-reported clinical diagnosis of SD on longitudinal changes in brain amyloid-PET, CSF-biomarkers (Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau) and cognitive function in cognitively normal. METHODS A total of 463 cognitively normal elders (357 normal and 106 SD) were included. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants were collected from 2005 to 2020. The generalized linear mixed models adjusting variables which were selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the marginal effect estimation method was used to estimate the risk effect of SD. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the relative hazard of AD, among baseline SD patients. RESULTS The age range of participants was 73.60±5.71 years old, and the female proportion was 43.63%. In adjusted regression models, Participants with baseline SD had higher likelihood of developing worse cognition over subsequent follow-up, PACC (decrease 7.53 points [95%CI, 7.36-7.70]; P<0.001), MMSE (decrease 5.26 points [95%CI, 5.17-5.35]; P<0.001), and CDR–Sum of Boxes (increase 5.61 points [95%CI, 5.67-5.54]; P=0.001). Similarly, Cox regression analysis suggested that sleep disturbances is a risk factor of AD (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.08 to 2.22). CONCLUSIONS SD probably is a warning sign of AD, because it is associated with greater likelihood of cognitive decline or dementia over time. Associations are likely multifactorial and could be explained by intervening variables in the path from SD to dementia, or by common risk factors for pathological processes in brain. These findings suggest need for more attentions of older adults with sleep compromise.

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