scholarly journals Reflections on life-course vaccination: the England experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Since the introduction of the expanded programme on immunization in the 1970s, vaccination has evolved from being an intervention of early infancy to being a programme targeting individuals at all stages of life including birth, infancy, childhood, teenage years, pregnancy and adulthood. The UK has been at the forefront of this lifelong approach to vaccination and has introduced vaccines at all stages of life in its national schedule, including vaccination against hepatitis B at birth, Meningococcal disease group B in infancy, influenza in primary school years, Meningococcal disease groups A, C, W and Y in teenage years, pertussis in pregnancy and shingles in older adults. Based on a range of studies conducted by Public Health England, This session will reflect on some of the challenges brought on by the life course approach in the UK including issues of access in different age groups, choosing the right age and settings for vaccinations, age-specific attitudes to vaccination and subsequent communication strategies, and challenges with monitoring a life-course programme.

scholarly journals Round table: Using evidence for action – the story on life-course vaccination

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Vaccination represents a cost-effective public health intervention that saves millions of lives globally each year as well as increasing health and wellbeing of the population. Approximately 20 vaccines are currently in use in routine schedules, with several new or improved in the research pipeline. While immunisation programmes have traditionally targeted children, in recent strategic thinking around vaccination has shifted from an infancy focus to a life course approach that considers the benefits of vaccination at all ages. There are many benefits to targeting different age groups for vaccination, such as targeting individuals at an age that maximises protection (HPV among teenagers, shingles among older adults); boosting waning immunity (Td/IPV among teenagers); protecting at-risk individuals when they are most vulnerable (influenza in pregnancy, pneumococcal vaccine in older adults at clinical risk); protecting newborns in utero before they have the chance to be vaccinated (pertussis in pregnancy); or targeting an older age group to indirectly protect younger infants (MenACWY vaccination of teenagers). Even though the public health benefits of the life-course approach are evident, delivering vaccination programmes spanning such disparate groups represent constant challenges. These challenges can be grouped into: a) limited access to services b) communication challenges influencing attitudes and knowledge of vaccination and c) logistical challenges associated with the use of a wide range of settings for vaccination. This session will explore, at country and regional levels, experiences and reflections on delivering vaccination across the life course, and evidence-based policy and operational actions taken to deliver an optimal programme at all ages. Key messages Life course vaccination presents opportunities to better protect the population but also brings unique challenges, both from the patient side and from the health systems side. Evidence-based tools and strategies to improve vaccine programmes across the life-course are increasingly available. Country and European level action is needed to achieve optimal results.

Folklore and Folklife of American Age Groups and Aging

2018 ◽  
pp. 844-866
Author(s):  
Mary L. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Folklore occurs at every stage of a person’s life, and this chapter covers the way folklore and folklife across, and of, the life course has been studied. Six divisions in the life course that mark traditions of age groups as well as perceived stages in the United States are pregnancy and birth, infancy and early childhood, childhood and adolescence, adulthood, seniority, and death. Although much of the scholarship of age groups has been on the beginning and end of life, I demonstrate the conditions of aging in adolescence through the senior years that generate folklore and should be studied in relation to formation of age-group identity. This chapter emphasizes the use of folklore as an adaptation to aging. It examines the connection of folk traditions to the role that anxiety plays in the aging process, the formation of self and group identity, and the rites of passage that mark transitions from one stage to another. It shows that the presence of invented and emerging traditions indicates changing values and beliefs across the life course and encourages research in age-based research as a basic component of folklore and folklife studies.

Reviewing Policies after the English Riots

2012 ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Richard Ennals
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Ageing Workforce ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Life Course

At a time of change and disorder, this article argues that the whole range of government policies need to be reviewed, and reconceptualised in terms of generations and relations between generations. This article concentrates on the UK, from a European perspective, and with particular reference to the Scandinavian Model. In the context of crisis, new initiatives are required, taking account of transitions during the life course, relations between generations, and sustainability. The perspective of the Ageing Workforce casts light across the spectrum of policy areas. It is a moving picture, not a snapshot.

scholarly journals Psoriasis – The Life Course Approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 0 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Linder ◽  
S Piaserico ◽  
M Augustin ◽  
A Fortina ◽  
A Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

The life-course approach to vaccination: Harnessing the benefits of vaccination throughout life

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (44) ◽  
pp. 6581-6583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Tate ◽  
Teresa Aguado ◽  
Jan De Belie ◽  
Daphne Holt ◽  
Emilie Karafillakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Iodine and pregnancy – a UK cross-sectional survey of dietary intake, knowledge and awareness

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Combet ◽  
M. Bouga ◽  
B. Pan ◽  
M. E. J. Lean ◽  
C. O. Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones, which are critical for healthy growth, development and metabolism. The UK population is now classified as mildly iodine-insufficient. Adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy are essential for fetal neurodevelopment, and mild iodine deficiency is linked to developmental impairments. In the absence of prophylaxis in the UK, awareness of nutritional recommendations during pregnancy would empower mothers to make the right dietary choices leading to adequate iodine intake. The present study aimed to: estimate mothers' dietary iodine intake in pregnancy (using a FFQ); assess awareness of the importance of iodine in pregnancy with an understanding of existing pregnancy dietary and lifestyle recommendations with relevance for iodine; examine the level of confidence in meeting adequate iodine intake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed between August 2011 and February 2012 on local (Glasgow) and national levels (online electronic questionnaire); 1026 women, UK-resident and pregnant or mother to a child aged up to 36 months participated in the study. While self-reported awareness about general nutritional recommendations during pregnancy was high (96 %), awareness of iodine-specific recommendations was very low (12 %), as well as the level of confidence of how to achieve adequate iodine intake (28 %). Median pregnancy iodine intake, without supplements, calculated from the FFQ, was 190 μg/d (interquartile range 144–256μg/d), which was lower than that of the WHO's recommended intake for pregnant women (250 μg/d). Current dietary recommendations in pregnancy, and their dissemination, are found not to equip women to meet the requirements for iodine intake.

A life course approach for understanding later life sustainability

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Holly Syddall ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter describes a life course approach for understanding later life sustainability, focusing on grip strength as a marker of physical sustainability, and explaining how a life course approach recognizes that muscle strength in later life reflects not only rate of loss in later life, but also the peak attained earlier in life. We present evidence that risk factors operating throughout the life course have an impact on physical sustainability in later life with particular consideration of the effects of body size, socioeconomic position, physical activity, diet, and smoking. We have shown that low birth weight is associated with weaker grip strength across the life course and that there is considerable evidence for developmental influences on ageing skeletal muscle. Finally, a life course approach suggests opportunities for early intervention to promote later life physical sustainability; but optimal strategies and timings for intervention are yet to be identified.

Life course approach to understanding inequalities in health in later life

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Bell ◽  
Michael Marmot
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

A long and healthy life is universally valued. The starkest inequalities in later life are how many years of life remain at an older age such as 65 years, and how many years of life that remain free from disabilities that impede physical, cognitive, and social functioning to the extent that they limit the sense of valuing one’s life. In this chapter we apply the frame of social determinants of health, using the life course approach to understand inequalities in health in later life. Healthy ageing is patterned by degrees of social advantage. Biological ageing, as revealed by physical and cognitive changes, is slower in people in better socioeconomic circumstances. These inequalities in health in later life need to be understood in terms of current social, economic, environmental conditions of living, as well as previous experiences and living conditions across the life course that affect the biological processes of ageing.

scholarly journals Exploration of Finnish adults’ successful weight management over the life course: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Joki ◽  
Johanna Mäkelä ◽  
Hanna Konttinen ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Despite the current obesogenic environment creating challenges weight management, some people succeed in maintaining a normal weight. This study explored lifelong weight management from the life course perspective. We aimed to gain an insight into the issues related to the pathways of individuals of normal weight from childhood to adulthood, and how their experiences and social connections influence their weight management. Methods We approached the research topic using qualitative methods. Two age groups (30–45; 55–70 years, men and women), forming a total of 39 individuals, participated in theme interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in two main categories, namely (1) adoption of lifestyle and (2) maintenance of lifestyle. Results Childhood family played a central role in the formation of lifestyle: food-upbringing created the basis for the interviewees’ current diet, and their lives had always been characterized by an active lifestyle. High perceived self-efficacy was vital in weight management. The interviewees were confident about their routines and trusted their abilities to recognize and handle situations that threatened their lifestyles. They possessed skills for adjusting their lifestyle to altered environments, and showed a high level of coping self-efficacy. The interviewees also highlighted the importance of habits for weight management. They had improved their adopted lifestyle through constant learning. New routines had become more internalized through active repetition, finally turning into habitual practices, which simplified weight management. Conclusions Based on our interviews, we conclude that childhood was important in the development of the health-promoting lifestyle of our interviewees. However, weight management was described as a journey over the life course, and success also encouraged skills of identifying risks and adjusting actions to cope with challenging situations.

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