scholarly journals Social Isolation Patterns and Health Outcomes in Midlife and Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Meng Sha Luo
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Latent Class Growth

Abstract Conceptualizing social isolation as a multidimensional construct encompassing social networks, social contacts, perceived support and loneliness, this research aims to: (1) identify patterns of social isolation trajectory among middle-aged and older adults in the U.S.; (2) investigate how different patterns of social isolation trajectory are related to adults’ physical, mental, cognitive, and overall health. Latent class growth modeling was used to examine social isolation trajectory patterns over nine years in a national sample of 6,457 adults aged 51+. Four patterns of social isolation trajectory were identified: severely isolated, moderately isolated, subjectively integrated, and objectively integrated. The objectively integrated group reported the best physical, mental, cognitive, and overall health, whereas the severely isolated group reported the worst. The moderately isolated and subjectively integrated groups fell in between, with the latter displaying relatively better health outcomes. Findings support a close relationship between poor health and long-term social isolation.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Trajectories among Middle-Aged and Elderly Canadians and Associated Health Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yanqing Yi ◽  
Barbara Roebothan ◽  
Jennifer Colbourne ◽  
Victor Maddalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Body Mass Index Trajectories ◽  
Bmi Trajectory

Background. Whether there is heterogeneity in the development of BMI from middle-age onward is still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to analyze long-term obesity and how BMI trajectories are associated with health outcomes in midlife.Methods. Latent Class Growth Modelling was used to capture the changes in BMI over time. In this study, 3070 individuals from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), aged 40–55 years at baseline, were included.Results. Four BMI trajectory groups, “Normal-Stable” (N-S), “Overweight-Stable” (OV-S), “Obese I-Stable” (OB I-S), and “Obese II-Stable” (OB II-S), were identified. Men, persons of White ancestry, and individuals who had no postsecondary education had higher odds of being in the latter three groups. Moreover, members of the OV-S, OB I-S, and OB II-S groups experienced more asthma, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cognitive impairment, and reduced self-rated overall health. Individuals in the OB II-S group were at greater risk for back problems, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, and emotional issues when compared to the N-S group.Conclusion. Understanding different BMI trajectories is important in order to identify people who are at the highest risk of developing comorbidities due to obesity and to establish programs to intervene appropriately.

Intersectional Discrimination Attributions and Health Outcomes Among American Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110665
Author(s):  
Peiyi Lu ◽  
Dexia Kong ◽  
Mack Shelley ◽  
Joan K. Davitt
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Group ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
High Discrimination

Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study examined intersectional discrimination attributions and their associations with health outcomes. Older respondents (aged ≥50) from the Health and Retirement Study in 2014-2015 were included ( N = 6286). Their reasons for discrimination (age, gender, sexual orientation, race, national origin, religion, financial status, weight, physical appearance, disability, and others) were examined. Latent class analysis examined the subgroup profiles. Six classes were identified: class 1 (54.52% of the sample) had no/minimal discrimination; Class 2 (21.89%) experienced primarily ageism; class 3 (8.81%) reported discrimination based on age/gender/national origin/race; class 4 (7.99%) attributed discrimination to financial/other reasons; class 5 (5.87%) experienced discrimination based on age/weight/physical appearance/disability; and class 6 (0.92%) perceived high discrimination. Intersectional discrimination was associated with poorer self-rated health and higher depressive symptoms compared to the no/minimal discrimination group. Multiple marginalized identities co-occur and contribute to discrimination. An intersectional approach is recommended to understand discrimination in later life.

scholarly journals THE EXTREME FACE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION: A COHORT STUDY OF UNBEFRIENDED INDIVIDUALS IN LONG-TERM CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S532-S533
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chamberlain ◽  
Wendy Duggleby ◽  
Pamela B Teaster ◽  
Janet Fast ◽  
Carole Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Family Contact

Abstract Even though social isolation is a significant predictor of poor health and mortality in older adults, very little is known about social isolation in long-term care (LTC) settings. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, demographic characteristics, health outcomes, and disease diagnoses of residents without family contact in Alberta LTC homes. Using data collected between April 2008 and March 2018, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Resident Assessment Instrument, Minimum Data Set, (RAI-MDS 2.0) data from 34 LTC facilities in Alberta. We identified individuals who had no contact with family or friends. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, we compared the characteristics, disease diagnoses, and functional status of individuals who had no contact with family and individuals who did have contact with family. We identified a cohort of 25,330 individuals, of whom 945 had no contact with family or friends. Different from residents who had family, the cohort with no contact was younger (81.47 years, SD=11.79), and had a longer length of stay (2.71 years, SD=3.63). For residents who had contact with family, residents with no contact had a greater number of mental health diagnoses, including depression (OR: 1.21, [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), bipolar disorder (OR: 1.80, [95% CI: 1.22-2.68]), and schizophrenia (OR: 3.9, [95% CI: 2.96-5.14]). Interpretation: Residents without family contact had a number of unique care concerns, including mental health issues and poor health outcomes. These findings have implications for the training of staff and LTC services available to these vulnerable residents.

Trajectories of Leisure Activity and Disability in Older Adults Over 11 Years in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei Yu ◽  
Tung-liang Chiang ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Ya-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Over Time

We aimed to identify leisure activity (LA) trajectories and examined the association among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and the later disability among older Taiwanese adults. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging Survey for the years 1996-2007 ( N = 3,186). LA trajectories were identified by using latent class growth curve modeling. Regression analyses were applied to predict the relationships among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and disability. Four LA trajectories—consistent high, consistent low, increasing, and decreasing—were identified. Lower depressive symptom was related to consistently active in LAs. Younger age and fewer comorbidities were related to develop an increasing LA trajectory. Participants in the consistent-high or increasing LA trajectories were more likely to be functionally independent, but those in the decreasing LA subgroup were more at risk of developing disability. The findings suggested that long-term changes in LA over time have benefits on physical health in older population.

scholarly journals Social isolation and health outcomes among older people in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Wen Hu ◽  
Zhixin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Living Children

Abstract Background Social isolation is a serious public health issue affecting a significant number of older adults worldwide. However, associations between different dimensions of social isolation and functional health are unclear. We assessed the varied effects of social isolation on health among a nationwide sample of older adults from China. Methods We assessed social isolation among 5,419 people aged 65 and older who took part in both the 2011 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Social isolation includes objective social isolation (kinlessness and lack of social contacts) and subjective social isolation. Four functional health outcomes were examined: self-rated health (SRH), activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and cognitive function measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used multivariable regression analyses to examine the associations between social isolation and health outcomes. Results Older people who never married or who had recently lost a spouse were more likely to report poor SRH (OR=2.44) and difficulty with IADLs (ORs=1.46) than those who were married and lived with a spouse. Older people who never gave birth were less likely to report cognitive impairment (OR=0.53) than those who had living children, while older people who had recently lost a child were more likely to report poor SRH than those who had living children (OR=1.32). Older people who had no children visiting were more likely to report difficulty with IADLs than those who had children visiting (OR=1.25). In terms of subjective social isolation, older people who felt lonely were more likely to report poor SRH, cognitive impairment, and difficulty with ADLs and IADLs (ORs=1.19, 1.27, 1.28 and 1.21, respectively), and older people who had no one to talk to were more likely to report poor SRH, cognitive decline, and difficulty with ADLs and IADLs (ORs=2.08, 5.32, 2.06 and 1.98, respectively). Conclusions Kinlessness, lack of social contacts and subjective social isolation may impact various dimensions of health in older people. Due to the varied health consequences of social isolation, targeted health interventions should be developed to address relevant situations of social isolation.

scholarly journals Job Contract at Birth of the First Child as a Predictor of Women’s Labor Market Attachment: Trajectory Analyses over 11 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Peutere ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Pekka Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
First Child ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Latent Class Growth

There is a lot of evidence that pre-birth employment and access to parental leave are important predictors of mothers’ labor market attachment after childbirth. This register-based study from Finland aimed to analyze in which ways the type of job contract (none, temporary, or permanent) at the start of maternity leave predicts labor market attachment in the long term. The mother cohorts were followed up for 11 years. Labor market attachment was analyzed with latent class growth analysis, which makes it possible to identify subgroups with differing track and level of development. Lack of employment and having a temporary contract at baseline were associated with slower and weaker labor market attachment irrespective of mother’s age, socioeconomic status, and subsequent births. These findings suggest that the polarization of women into the core and periphery of the labor market structure tends to continue after the birth of the first child. Temporary employment might be an obstacle for having rights for a job-protected family leave and have long-term consequences on the continuity of employment and the division of paid and unpaid work in the family.

scholarly journals The Impacts Of Socio-Economic Challenge On Long-Term Physical and Mental Health In Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1058
Author(s):  
Ilan Kwon ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
ByeongJu Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite consistent evidence on the negative effect of social and economic challenges on health, little is known about the pattern of economic difficulties people experience and the impact of those challenging patterns on long-term health in later life. This study used the national data, Mid Life in the United States (MIDUS 3 in 2013-2014), to identify the different patterns of socio-economic challenges that older Americans (50-64 ages old) experienced during the Recession in 2008 and to examine the impact of past challenging experiences on physical and mental health in their later life. Socio-economic challenges included twenty-six items such as losing or moving a job, missing rent, selling or losing a home, bankruptcy, having debts, and cutting spending. We conducted the latent class analysis and regression while controlling other social determinant factors (e.g., education, employment status, poverty, etc.). The latent class analysis result found five patterns during the Recession: people who experienced various difficulties during the Recession, who moved their jobs, who experienced financial difficulties, who bought a home with decreased debts, and who experienced no difficulty. Compared to people with no challenging experience, those who needed to move their jobs but could make debt off during the Recession reported physically healthier, but not mentally healthier in later life. Interestingly, among this group, women reported more long-term physical health problems than men. The findings suggest the close connection between physical and mental health and the importance of long-term care for mental health among older adults in recovering from socio-economic challenges.

scholarly journals Race Differences in ADL Disability Decline 1984-2004: Evidence From the National Long-Term Care Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles G. Taylor ◽  
Scott M. Lynch ◽  
Stephanie Ureña
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Adl Disability

Objective: Disability declined in lower levels of impairment during the late 20th century. However, it is unclear whether ADL disability also declined, or whether it did so across race. In this study, we examine cohorts entering later life between 1984 and 1999, by race, to understand changing ADL disability. Method: We used latent class methods to model trajectories of ADL disability and subsequent mortality in the National Long-Term Care Survey among cohorts entering older adulthood (ages 65-69) between 1984 and 1999. We examined patterns by race, focusing on chronic condition profiles. Results: White cohorts experienced consistent declines in ADL disability but Blacks saw little improvement with some evidence for increased disability. Stroke, diabetes, and heart attack were predominant in predicting disability among Blacks. Discussion: Declining disability trends were only observed consistently among Whites, suggesting previous and future disability trends and their underlying causes should be examined by race.

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