scholarly journals Geographic variation in gender gap among older adults in India and China: Application of a new ageing measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
Arun Balachandran ◽  
Feinian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Remaining Life Expectancy ◽  
Almost All ◽  
India And China

Abstract A continuous rise in the life expectancy of females above that of the males among older adults in India and China may give an impression that the gender gap in health is decreasing. However, given the systemic bias against females in these countries across multiple facets, and the diversity across provinces, a fuller understanding of gender gap calls for (a) understanding the gender gap in multiple dimensions of health, and (b) understanding the variations across provinces. We estimate a multi-dimensional old-age threshold (MOAT) across provinces in India and China, that specifies different old-age thresholds for female and male populations after simultaneously accommodating for multiple dimensions related to their health. These aspects of health include remaining life expectancy, intellectual and functional health. We estimate the gender gap across provinces in these countries by differencing the MOAT of males against that of females. In addition, we also illustrate the gender gap across individual dimensions of health. Our results show that females in almost all the provinces of India and China have a lower MOAT than their male counterparts, showing an earlier advent of ‘old-age’ among females compared to males. The estimates based on remaining life expectancy shows gender gap in favor of females, but the estimates of multi-dimensional gender gap are higher and biased against females. A huge variation is seen across provinces, with Karnataka and Hubei showing lower levels of gender gap and Rajasthan and Yunnan showing higher gender gaps in India in China respectively.

scholarly journals A multi-dimensional perspective on the gender gap in health among older adults in India and China: application of a new ageing measure

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Arun Balachandran ◽  
K. S. James
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
General Health ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Health Dimension ◽  
India And China

Abstract A continuous rise of female life expectancy above that of males among older adults in India and China may give the impression that the relative gender gap in health in these countries is decreasing. However, given the systemic gender bias against older females in these countries across multiple dimensions of health, a fuller understanding of the gender gap in health calls for a multi-dimensional perspective. We estimate a multi-dimensional old-age threshold (MOAT) that specifies different old-age thresholds for female and male populations which accommodates multiple dimensions related to physical, intellectual and general health. We use the MOAT to evaluate the multi-dimensional gender gap in India and China by differencing the MOAT for females with that of males. Females in both countries have a lower MOAT than their male counterparts, indicating an earlier advent of ‘old age’ for females. The multi-dimensional estimates of the gender gap are also higher than the estimates based on only one dimension of health. A considerable level of variation is also observed in the gender gap across provinces. The study illustrates the need to understand the gender gap in health in India and China from a multi-dimensional perspective and provides an innovative way to quantify such a gap. Province-specific as well as health dimension-specific interventions are vital in reducing the gender gap among older adults in these countries.

scholarly journals Growing Income-Based Inequalities in Old-Age Life Expectancy in Sweden, 2006–2015

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Fors ◽  
Jonas W. Wastesson ◽  
Lucas Morin
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Remaining Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Income Quartile

Abstract Sweden is known for high life expectancy and economic egalitarianism, yet in recent decades it has lost ground in both respects. This study tracked income inequality in old-age life expectancy and life span variation in Sweden between 2006 and 2015, and examined whether patterns varied across levels of neighborhood deprivation. Income inequality in remaining life expectancy at ages 65, 75, and 85 increased. The gap in life expectancy at age 65 grew by more than a year between the lowest and the highest income quartiles, for both men (from 3.4 years in 2006 to 4.5 years in 2015) and women (from 2.3 to 3.4 years). This widening income gap in old-age life expectancy was driven by different rates of mortality improvement: individuals with higher incomes increased their life expectancy at a faster rate than did those with lower incomes. Women with the lowest incomes experienced no improvement in old-age life expectancy. Furthermore, life span variation increased in the lowest income quartile, while it decreased slightly among those in the highest quartile. Income was found to be a stronger determinant of old-age life expectancy than neighborhood deprivation.

Screening for cancer

2017 ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
Anne Horgan ◽  
Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Remaining Life Expectancy ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Potential Methods

Cancer screening is the early identification of an asymptomatic malignancy. The aim of screening is to identify cancer at a stage where it can be more effectively treated and ideally with curative intent. Guidelines regarding screening in the older population differ widely across countries, in part due to the underrepresentation of older adults in the large screening trials on which the recommendations are based. In this chapter, we present the screening recommendations for colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer from four international groups. The benefits of screening in the overall population are highlighted, and the data supporting screening in older adults outlined. Factors to be considered in screening decisions are discussed, including remaining life expectancy and patient and physician wishes. Potential methods to overcome these challenges along with supportive evidence are highlighted.

Intergenerational support among widowed older adults in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
I-Fen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Parents With Disabilities

With the rapid aging of the Chinese population, growing attention has been given to old-age support. Widowed older adults constitute a particularly vulnerable population because the loss of a spouse can lead to financial hardships and emotional distress. We used data from the 2002 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to examine multiple dimensions of old-age support among a nationwide sample of widowed old adults ages 65 and older (N = 10,511). The results show that Chinese widows and widowers rely heavily on their adult children, particularly sons and daughters-in-law, for financial, instrumental, and emotional support. Widowed older adults’ needs and the number of children are the most significant predictors of old-age support. Widowed older adults with multiple marriages have a lower likelihood of receiving financial assistance, sick care, and emotional support from their children compared to their counterparts who have married only once. There appears to be same-gender preference in adult children’s care for their widowed parents with disabilities.

PSA screening rates in older men in the United States based on nine-year estimated remaining life expectancy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16006-e16006
Author(s):  
Michael Drazer ◽  
Sandip M. Prasad ◽  
Dezheng Huo ◽  
Mara A Schonberg ◽  
Russell Zelig Szmulewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Remaining Life Expectancy

e16006 Background: PSA screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial, but informed decision making is recommended for men with an estimated 10 years of remaining life expectancy (RLE). The association between screening of men 65+ and estimated 9-year life expectancy is unknown. Our purpose was to determine the association between predicted 9-year life expectancy and PCa screening in 2005 and 2010. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Men 65+ without prostate known PCa were divided into quartiles with a validated index estimating 9-year RLE (<27%, 27-52%, 53-75%, and >75%). The proportions of men screened in 2005 and 2010 were determined. Logistic regression was used to compare screening in 2005 and 2010. Results: Screening rates for men 65+ were 48.3% (95% CI, 45.6-50.9%) in 2005 and 48.5% (95% CI, 45.5-51.6%) in 2010 (p = 0.9). There were no differences in screening between cohorts by age and predicted mortality for 65-74 (all p > 0.05 for <27%, 27-52%, 53-75%, and >76% predicted mortality) and 75+ year olds (all p> 0.05). The most screened group were 65-74 year olds with a <27% chance of 9-year mortality, with 58.3% (95% CI, 53.6–63.1) and 56.1% (95% CI, 50.6-61.5) screened in 2005 and 2010. Conclusions: PSA-based PCa screening did not differ between 2005 and 2010 for men 65+. Over 35% and 33% of older men with limited estimated 9-year RLE were screened in 2005 and 2010 despite minimal clinical benefit. [Table: see text]

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