scholarly journals Will I Feel This in my Dreams? Examining Temporal Associations between Daytime and Dream Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 916-917
Author(s):  
Cassandra Richardson ◽  
Taylor Vigoureux ◽  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Temporal Direction ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the theory that dreams function to process emotions, few studies have examined how emotional experiences during daytime (“daytime affect”) are associated with the emotional tone of dreams (“dream affect”) that night, and vice versa. This study examined bidirectional associations between dream affect and daytime positive and negative affect. Participants were 84 nurses who completed two weeks of ecological momentary assessments. If participants remembered the previous night’s dreams (nparticipants=68; ndays=391), they reported the dream’s emotional tone upon waking (‘0’=very negative to ‘100’=very positive). Participants also responded to the Positive and Negative Affect Scale three times/day. Multilevel modeling simultaneously tested two temporal directions (daytime affect→dream affect, dream affect→daytime affect) at the within- and between-person levels. After adjusting for socio-demographic and work characteristics, at the within-person level, dream affect was more positive than usual on nights following more positive daytime affect (B=0.25, p=.003). In the other temporal direction, dream affect was not associated with the following day’s positive affect. At the between-person level, nurses who reported more positive dream affect also reported more positive daytime affect (B=0.24, p=.025). No associations emerged with negative affect. Findings suggest that daytime affect is associated with the emotional tone of that night’s dreams, but only in the context of positive affect. Importantly, negative affect was relatively low in this sample, so different patterns may emerge for people more prone to negative affect. Overall, these novel findings support the theory that dreams serve to process emotions, providing insight into the mystery of the function of dreams.

scholarly journals Emotional Tone of Dreams and Daily Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 427-427
Author(s):  
Cassandra Richardson ◽  
Taylor Vigoureux ◽  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Theoretical Function ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Temporal Direction

Abstract One theoretical function of dreams is emotion processing. However, few studies have examined how daily emotions in waking life (i.e., daytime affect) affect the emotional tone of dreams (i.e., dream affect) that night, and vice versa. This study examined daily bidirectional associations between dream affect and daytime positive and negative affect. Participants were 61 nurses who completed 2-weeks of ecological momentary assessments. If participants remembered the previous night’s dreams (nparticipants=50; ndays=268), they reported the dream’s emotional tone upon waking (‘0’=very negative to ‘100’=very positive). Participants also responded to a short-version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale three times/day. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate two temporal directions (dream affect→ daytime affect or daytime affect→ dream affect) at the within- and between-person levels. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, at the within-person level, daily positive affect was higher and daily negative affect was lower than usual on days following more positive dream affect (B=0.19, p<.05; B=-0.26, p<.05, respectively). When we added the other temporal direction, today’s positive or negative affect was not associated with dream affect that night. At the between-person level, nurses who reported more positive dream affect also reported more positive daytime affect (B=0.52, p<.01), but not less negative daytime affect (B=-0.34, p>.10). Findings suggest that dream affect is predictive of daily affect, but not the other way around. Future studies could further examine if emotions closer to sleep are more strongly associated with dream affect to motivate more precisely-timed affect interventions.

Negative affect as a mediator of the relationship between emotional intelligence and uncivil workplace behaviour among managers

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Natasha Loi ◽  
Carey Golledge ◽  
Nicola Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeTo improve understanding of uncivil workplace behaviour, the present study sought to examine the relationships between emotional intelligence, positive affect, negative affect and perpetration of uncivil behaviour in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachEmail, workplace networks and social media were used to recruit 113 managers who completed an anonymous online self-report survey of measures relating to emotional intelligence, positive and negative affect and engaging in uncivil workplace behaviour.FindingsResults showed that greater emotional intelligence was significantly associated with higher positive affect and less negative affect as well as less likelihood of engaging in uncivil behaviour. Higher levels of negative affect were associated with engaging in uncivil behaviour. Analyses indicated that the relationship between lower emotional intelligence and engaging in uncivil workplace behaviour was mediated by negative affect only. The findings support the importance of emotional intelligence and affect in workplace functioning and shed light on possible precursors of the destructive behaviours that comprise workplace incivility.Originality/valueThese findings contribute insight into uncivil workplace behaviour and provide a foundation for examining the contribution of all stakeholders including victims and perpetrators as well as implications for management and organisational practices.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Ecological Momentary Intervention Modules for Treatment of Depression on Momentary Positive and Negative Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan A. Ornée ◽  
Albertine J. Oldehinkel ◽  
Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), comprising repeated self-assessments in daily life, have shown promise as an intervention strategy for depression. Whether the content of such assessments influences affect has hardly received attention. The current study consists of two EMA intervention (EMI) modules, enabling us to compare the impact of EMI content on the course of momentary affect during the intervention. Methods: The intervention, implemented as add-on to regular depression treatment, consists of intensive self-monitoring (5x/day, 28 days) and weekly personalized feedback. Patients with depressive complaints (N = 110; Mage = 32.9, SD = 12.2; 44.5% male) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment modules focusing on activities and positive affect (“Do”) or on thoughts and negative affect (“Think”). Results: Linear mixed models showed no significant (p > .18) differences between the two modules on both positive and negative affect over time. Across modules positive affect showed an initial decreasing trend, leveling off towards the end of the intervention period. Negative affect did not change significantly over time (p > .06). Limitations: Both modules assessed positive and negative affect, enabling a direct comparison but potentially decreasing the impact of their differential focus. Conclusions: In our sample, the focus of the EMI was not associated with differential effects on momentary affect. This implies that a focus on thoughts and negative affect compared to positive affect and activities may not lead to added adverse effects on mood, which is an often-voiced concern when using EMA in both research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Ecological Momentary Intervention Modules for Treatment of Depression on Momentary Positive and Negative Affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Alexander Ornée ◽  
Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen ◽  
Albertine Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI), comprising repeated self-assessments in daily life, have shown promise as intervention strategy for depression. Whether the content of such assessments influences affect has hardly received attention. The ZELF-i study consists of two EMA intervention (EMI) modules, enabling us to compare the impact of EMI content on the course of momentary affect during the intervention. Methods: ZELF-i is an add-on to depression treatment comprising intensive self-monitoring (5x/day, 28 days) and weekly personalized feedback. Patients with depressive complaints (N = 110; Mean age = 32.9, SD = 12.2; 44.5% male) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment modules focusing on activities and positive affect (“Do”) or on thoughts and negative affect (“Think”). Linear mixed models showed no significant (p > .18) differences between the two modules on both positive and negative affect over time. Across modules positive affect showed an initial decreasing trend, leveling off towards the end of the intervention period. Negative affect did not change significantly over time (p > .06). In our sample, the focus of the EMI did not impact momentary affect beyond any general effect of systematic self-monitoring. This means that a focus on negative affect instead of more general self-monitoring may not lead to added adverse effects on mood, which is an often voiced concern when using EMA in both research and clinical practice.Keywords: Depression, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Affect, Measurement Reactivity, Emotions, Pragmatic Clinical Trial

scholarly journals Association of Affect and Gait Performance in Dual-Task Walking in Non-Demented Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Deepan Guharajan ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Aging populations are at increased risk to experience mobility disability, which is associated with falls, frailty, and mortality. Previous studies have not examined the concurrent associations of both positive and negative affect with gait velocity. We examined whether individual differences in positive and negative affect predicted dual-task performance decrements in velocity in a dual-task (DT) paradigm in non-demented older adults. We hypothesize that positive affect would be associated with lower DT costs, and negative affect would be associated with higher DT costs. Participants (N = 403; mean age, = 76.22 (6.55); females = 56%) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a DT paradigm that involved three task conditions: Single-Task-Walk (STW), Alpha (cognitive interference requiring participants to recite alternate letters of the alphabet), and Dual-Task-Walk (DTW) requiring participant to perform the two single tasks concurrently. Gait velocity was assessed via an instrumented walkway. As expected, results of a linear mixed effects model (LME) showed a significant decline in gait velocity (cm/s) from STW to DTW (estimate = -11.79; 95%CI = -12.82 to -10.77). LME results further revealed that negative affect was associated with greater decline in gait velocity from STW to DTW (ie., worse DT cost) (estimate = -0.38; 95%CI = -0.73 to -0.03). Positive affect did not, however, predict DT costs in gait velocity (estimate = -0.09; 95%CI = -0.23 to 0.05). These findings suggest that increased negative affect interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands inherent in the DT paradigm.

Grandparent-child cohesion, friendship quality, and left-behind children’s positive/negative affect in rural China

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110499
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhao ◽  
Jing Ge ◽  
Qianyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emotional Adaptation ◽  
Reinforcement Model ◽  
Intimate Exchange

This study examined the roles of grandparent-child cohesion and friendship quality in left-behind children’s positive and negative affect compared with non-left-behind children. Data from 557 participants indicated that grandparent-child cohesion and friendship quality predicted children’s emotional adaptation. Friend trust and support and intimate exchange had a stronger predictive effect on positive affect among non-left-behind children. Moreover, the interaction effects between grandparent-child cohesion and friendship quality on children’s positive affect supported the reinforcement model, while the interaction effects on negative affect supported the reinforcement model among left-behind children but supported the compensation model among non-left-behind children.

Investigating Affective Responding to Daily Positive Events Among Adolescents Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110580
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Chun ◽  
Katherine S. Benjamin ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

The experience of positive events is associated with increased positive affect, which can beneficially impact the physical and mental health outcomes of adolescents. Despite an increase in important life events during adolescence, little research has examined the influence of positive events on affect in this population. This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment to investigate individual differences in the effects of daily positive events on momentary positive and negative affect and event-specific positive affect among 136 adolescents ( M age = 13.03 years). Results indicated that interpersonal and independent events elicited greater event-specific positive affect than non-interpersonal and dependent events. Dependent interpersonal events were associated with the greatest positive affect compared to other combinations of event types. Gender did not moderate these effects. These findings may address the gap in the literature regarding the types of daily positive events that elicit the most positive affect in adolescents, and in turn, may enhance well-being.

A Multilevel Investigation of the Effects of Daily Work–Family Interaction on Daily Affect During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110444
Author(s):  
Mehmet Çetin ◽  
Bayram Dede ◽  
Özgür Kökalan ◽  
Ezgi Dede
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Work Family Enrichment ◽  
Family Enrichment

This research aimed to examine the effects of daily work–family conflict and work–family enrichment on daily positive and negative affect levels of employees during the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. The multilevel structure of the research design makes this study original. 730 day-level data were collected from 146 respondents during five consecutive workdays. One week later, a larger survey was delivered for assessing the person-level variables. The results indicated that both forms of work–family conflict significantly decreased positive affect and increased negative affect. Both types of work–family enrichment significantly increased positive affect; but only daily work to family enrichment significantly decreased daily negative affect. Findings also revealed that positive affect levels of respondents increase while negative affect levels decrease with time. On the days employees worked from distance, lower levels of positive and negative affect were experienced.

Playing for God’s Team: The Influence of Belief in the Supernatural on Perceptions of Religious, Spiritual, and Natural Cues

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-244
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Periss ◽  
David F. Bjorklund
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Supernatural Explanations

Adherence to religious belief may serve to promote group cohesion and cooperation by decreasing the costs associated with social exchange. Consistent with this, organized religious ideologies, unlike secular or spiritual based ideologies, have been argued to facilitate cooperation among individuals living in large-scale societies. In the current study, we examined whether hypothetical adults’ explanations of natural events focused on religious ideologies were more effective at eliciting positive-affect compared to spiritual or natural explanations. Results revealed that religious cues were more effective than spiritual cues in eliciting perceptions of positive-affect, but only when participant religiosity was taken into account. Participants high in religiosity favored the religious cues over the spiritual and natural cues, whereas participants high in spirituality showed no preferences. Conversely, participants low in religious belief demonstrated not only a positive bias towards the natural explanations, but also rated the adults expressing the supernatural explanations, in particular the religious explanations, as having greater negative-affect. From an evolutionary perspective, we interpreted the results as providing support that some forms of supernatural thinking, typical of organized religion, are more effective at eliciting feelings of positive and negative affect compared to supernatural beliefs not rooted in organized religion.

Relations among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Somatic Symptoms in a Medically Ill Patient Sample

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Kvaal ◽  
Shobhana Patodia
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Different Populations

The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a brief measure of Positive and Negative Affect, may be useful in assessing mood of medical patients because it does not include somatic items frequently confounded with medical conditions. In previous research Positive and Negative Affect have been independent and uncorrelated, and Negative Affect but not Positive Affect has been positively correlated with somatic symptoms. However, relationships between variables may vary in different populations, and there is relatively little information on Positive and Negative Affect in medical patients. In the current study, the PANAS was used to assess the relationships among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and somatic symptoms and pain in a medically ill hospital population. Positive and Negative Affect scores were positively correlated and for patients reporting pain, Positive Affect scores were positively correlated with pain intensity. Results from this and other studies indicate that Positive and Negative Affect are independent but in some populations may be correlated; positive affects such as hopefulness may co-occur with both somatic complaints and psychological distress.

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