Abstract
Background: Falls are common problem among older people, WHO (2014) estimated 424,000 fatal cases of falls occur every year, making fall as the one of the causes of death in the older adult due to accidental injury. This study aimed to assess the risk of falling among community dwelling older adult in rural and urban area. Method: Using a proportional sample size we determine 2 areas that describe rural and urban area in West Java Prefecture. The incidence of fall in the last 12 month is selected as outcome variable. Sociodemographic background, chronic medical condition, fear of falling, visual and hearing impairment, Activity Daily Living (ADL) Barthel index, the physical performance (Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)), and living environment were assessed to identify the factor contribute to the incidence of falling. Result: a total of 611 older people participated this study consist of 381 (62%)older persons living in rural area and 230 (38%) person are living in urban area, 70 percent of them at the range of 60-69 years old, and 73% of them are female. The prevalence of fall in rural area (16.5%), is significantly higher than urban area (10.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed, male gender (OR= 0.29;95%CI (0.095 - .882)), chronic illness (OR=3.25 95%CI (1.236 - 8.533) and visual impairment (OR=3.6; 95%CI (1.517 - 8.544)) are associated with risk of fall in among older adult living in urban area. On the other hand, Visual impairment (OR=1.81; 95%CI (1.027– 3.179)) and living environmental (OR=3.36; 95% CI (1.137-9.921)) are significantly associated with fall in among older adult living in rural area. Conclusion: We identify the different risk factors for falls in urban and rural area. The results can be concluded that a different approach is needed to reduce the risk of falling for the older adult in urban and rural areas based on risk factors.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG JAPANESE OLDER PEOPLE: COMPARISON BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AREA
