scholarly journals A U.S. NATIONAL PROFILE OF OLD ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ALONE, PHYSICAL FRAILTY ALONE, AND BOTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S397-S397
Author(s):  
Meiling Ge ◽  
Qianli Xue
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Proxy Report ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Profile

Abstract Using data from NHATS, we aimed to identify characteristics (demographics, health conditions/events, self-care behaviors, psychological wellbeing) that distinguish joint vs. separate presence of physical frailty (by the Fried’s) and cognitive impairment (CI: bottom quintile of test performance in executive function and memory; or proxy-report of dementia diagnosis or AD8 score >=2). Of the 7,497 older adults, 25.5%, 5.6%, and 8.7% had CI only, frailty only, and both, respectively. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, current smoker, single disease, and knee surgery history uniquely identified “frailty only”. Although none was found to uniquely identify “CI only” or “both”, surgery history and comorbidity were strongly associated with “frailty only” and, to a lesser degree, “both”, but not “CI only”. The findings advocate for treating physical frailty and CI as overlapping yet distinct conditions, and prioritizing comorbidity, surgery history, and smoking status in clinical screening of frailty and CI before formal diagnostic assessments.

scholarly journals LATEST ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRAILTY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S396-S396
Author(s):  
Qianli Xue ◽  
Michelle C Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
National Profile

Abstract As two of the most common geriatric conditions, frailty and cognitive impairment often coexist, and are known to predict poor health outcomes separately and jointly. The link between frailty and cognitive impairment may result from the fact that many of the aging processes underlying frailty may also be responsible for brain aging and cognitive decline. What is unknown is: (1) whether frailty as a measure of physiological resilience is predictive of dementia above and beyond neuropathology and cognitive decline; (2) whether there are individual characteristics that uniquely identify separate vs. joint presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. To begin to address these questions, Talk 1 reviews concept of frailty in relationship to reserve and resilience and discusses theoretical underpinnings of three integrated phenotypes of physical and cognitive impairment; Talk 2 uses data from two epidemiological cohorts to study the relationship between frailty and dementia after accounting for neuropathology. Talk 3 uses data from the Gait & Brain Study to compare the strength of associations of cognitive impairment alone vs. cognitive impairment plus physical frailty (or gait performance) with incident dementia. Talk 4 uses data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study to develop a U.S. national profile on the intersection between physical frailty and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Together, findings from this study help elucidate the interconnection between physical frailty and cognitive impairment, as well as clinical utility of joint consideration of cognitive decline and physical frailty for predicting risk of dementia.

scholarly journals Driving with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: Cognitive Test Performance and Proxy Report of Daily Life Function in Older Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Vaughan ◽  
Patricia E. Hogan ◽  
Stephen R. Rapp ◽  
Elizabeth Dugan ◽  
Richard A. Marottoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Proxy Report ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Life Function

scholarly journals U.S. National Profile of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Alone, Physical Frailty Alone, and Both

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2822-2830
Author(s):  
Mei‐Ling Ge ◽  
Michelle C. Carlson ◽  
Karen Bandeen‐Roche ◽  
Nadia M. Chu ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
National Profile

Frailty, with or without Cognitive Impairment, is a Strong Predictor of Recurrent Falls in a US Population-Representative Sample of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Ge ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Bi-Rong Dong ◽  
Judith D Kasper ◽  
Qian-Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Marginal Means

Abstract Background Physical frailty and cognitive impairment have been separately associated with falls. The purpose of the study is to examine the associations of physical frailty and cognitive impairment separately and jointly with incident recurrent falls among older adults. Methods The analysis included 6000 older adults in community or non-nursing home residential care settings who were ≥65 years and participated in the National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype; cognitive impairment was defined by bottom quintile of clock drawing test or immediate and delayed 10-word recall, or self/proxy-report of diagnosis of dementia, or AD8 score≥ 2. The marginal means/rates models were used to analyze the associations of frailty (by the physical frailty phenotype) and cognitive impairment with recurrent falls over 6 years follow-up (2012-2017). Results Of the 6000 older adults, 1,787 (29.8%) had cognitive impairment only, 334 (5.6%) had frailty only, 615 (10.3%) had both, and 3,264 (54.4%) had neither. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, living alone, obesity, disease burden, and mobility disability, those with frailty (with or without cognitive impairment) at baseline had higher rates of recurrent falls than those without cognitive impairment and frailty (frailty only: Rate ratio (RR)=1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.18-1.44; both: RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.17-1.40). The association was marginally significant for those with cognitive impairment only (RR=1.07, 95% CI=1.00-1.13). Conclusions Frailty and cognitive impairment were independently associated with recurrent falls in non-institutionalized older adults. There was a lack of synergistic effect between frailty and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Temporal trajectory of biofluid markers in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Seok Baek ◽  
Myung Jun Lee ◽  
Han-Kyeol Kim ◽  
Chul Hyoung Lyoo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
T Tau

AbstractFull dynamics of biofluid biomarkers have been unknown in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using data from 396 PD patients and 182 controls in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, we estimated long-term temporal trajectories of CSF α-synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) by integrating function between the baseline levels and annual changes. At baseline, PD patients showed lower CSF α-syn, Aβ, t-tau and p-tau levels than those of the controls. In all PD patients, CSF α-syn and Aβ decreased in a negative exponential pattern before the onset of motor symptoms, whereas CSF t-tau and p-tau, and serum NfL increased. Patients with cognitive impairment exhibited faster decline of Aβ and α-syn and faster rise of t-tau, p-tau and NfL, when compared to those without. Similarly, low Aβ group showed earlier decline of α-syn, faster rise of t-tau, p-tau and NfL, and faster decline of cognitive performances, when compared to high Aβ group. Our results suggest that longitudinal changes in biomarkers can be influenced by cognitive impairment and Aβ burden at baseline. PD patients with Aβ pathology may be associated with early appearance of α-synuclein pathology, rapid progression of axonal degeneration and neurodegeneration, and consequently greater cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment and Physical Frailty in Patients With Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacey Berry ◽  
Andres Duarte‐Rojo ◽  
Joshua D. Grab ◽  
Michael A. Dunn ◽  
Brian J. Boyarsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Frailty

scholarly journals “The Dichotic Digit Test” as an Index Indicator for Hearing Problem in Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattawan Utoomprurkporn ◽  
Chris J.D. Hardy ◽  
Joshua Stott ◽  
Sergi G. Costafreda ◽  
Jason Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Ear Advantage ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
Dementia Onset

Abstract Background Patients with dementia commonly have problems processing speech in the presence of competing background speech or noise. This difficulty can be present from the very early stages of dementia, and may be a preclinical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Purpose This study investigates whether people with dementia perform worse on the dichotic digit test (DDT), an experimental probe of speech processing in the presence of competing speech, and whether test performance may predict dementia onset. Research Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Collection and Analysis A literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Psycinfo. We included (1) studies that included people with a diagnosis of dementia and a healthy control group with no cognitive impairment; (2) studies that reported results from a DDT in a free-recall response task; and (3) studies that had the dichotic digit mean correct percentage score or right-ear advantage, as outcome measurements. Results People with dementia had a lower DDT total score, with a pooled mean difference of 18.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.2–15.9). Patients with dementia had an increased right-ear advantage relative to controls with a pooled difference of 24.4% (95% CI: 21.8–27.0). Conclusion The DDT total scores are lower and the right-ear advantage increased in cognitively impaired versus normal control participants. The findings also suggest that the reduction of dichotic digit total score and increase of right-ear advantage progress as cognitive impairment increases. Whether abnormalities in dichotic digit scores could predict subsequent dementia onset should be examined in further longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Years of potential life lost in pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus: data from a 40-year follow-up of the Israel study on Glucose intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001981
Author(s):  
Micha Rapoport ◽  
Angela Chetrit ◽  
Dror Cantrell ◽  
Ilya Novikov ◽  
Jesse Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionWe examined years of potential life lost (YPLL) associated with pre-diabetes as compared with either normoglycemia or diabetes, using data of the Israel cohort of Glucose intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension 40-year follow-up.Research design and methodsMen and women (N=2844, mean age 52.0±8.2 years) who underwent oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measurements, during 1976–1982, were followed for mortality until May 2019. Multiple imputation procedures for missing mortality dates and multivariable regression mixed models were applied.ResultsAt baseline, 35.8%, 48.8% and 15.4% individuals were found with normoglycemia, pre-diabetes, and diabetes, respectively. The average difference in YPLL associated with pre-diabetes as compared with normoglycemia was 4.3 years (95% CI 3.3 to 5.2; p<0.001). YPLL were 1 year higher in women with pre-diabetes than in men with pre-diabetes. These differences persisted mainly in individuals younger than 60 years, and those with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2, at baseline. Adjusting for age, sex, country of origin, smoking status, BMI, and blood pressure, the average difference in YPLL associated with pre-diabetes as compared with normoglycemia was 2.0 years (95% CI 1.2 to 2.8; p<0.001). Significant reductions of 5.9 years (95% CI 4.8 to 7.0) on average were observed for diabetes as compared with pre-diabetes and 7.9 years (95% CI 6.7 to 9.1) as compared with individuals with normoglycemia.ConclusionsThis study reveals that life expectancy of middle-aged individuals with pre-diabetes is shorter than of normoglycemic ones. These findings are especially relevant in view of the rising worldwide prevalence of pre-diabetes within younger age groups and underscore the crucial importance of interventions by either lifestyle modification or drug therapy capable of delaying progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes to reduce the YPLL in this high-risk group.

Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O Antwi ◽  
Darson L Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Concern about the health impacts of e-cigarette use is growing; however, limited research exists regarding potential long-term health effects of this behavior. This study explored the relationship between e-cigarette use and COPD in a sample of US adults. Methods A secondary data analysis using data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey in the USA was computed to examine associations between e-cigarette use and COPD controlling for conventional cigarette smoking status, past month leisure physical activity and demographic characteristics including age, sex, education, race, marital status and body mass index. Results Significant associations between e-cigarette use and COPD among former combustible cigarette smokers and those who reported never using combustible cigarettes were found. Compared with never e-cigarette users, the odds of having COPD were significantly greater for daily e-cigarette users (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11–2.03), occasional users (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13–1.80) and former users (OR = 1.46 95% CI: 1.28–1.67). Conclusions Findings from this study indicate a potential link between e-cigarette use and COPD. Further research to explore the potential effects of e-cigarette on COPD is recommended.

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