scholarly journals REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE: THE ROLE OF ADULT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON LATER OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
Kenneth F Ferraro ◽  
Madison R Sauerteig ◽  
Monica M Williams-Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study investigates the effects of childhood misfortune and adult physical activity on later-life body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. We use ordinary least squares regression to examine the impact of childhood misfortune (30 indicators), and adult physical activity (frequency and intensity) on waist circumference and BMI (kg/m²) using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=5,732). Results emphasize that experiencing childhood misfortune is associated with a larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, while adjusting for social status and lifestyle variables. Adjusting for adult physical activity decreases the effect of childhood misfortune on waist circumference, suggesting mediation. The analysis reveals that the effects of childhood misfortune on BMI and abdominal adiposity are remediable. Although childhood misfortune is associated with larger waist circumference and BMI in later life, regular physical activity reduces the risk on both indicators of obesity.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

scholarly journals Depression, Masculine Norm Adherence, and Fathering Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Shafer ◽  
Brandon Fielding ◽  
Erin K. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

While, overall, fathers have become more involved as parents, there may be significant variability in how involved fathers are in the lives of their children. This study examines how paternal depression and masculine norm adherence affect father involvement. Using new data from the Survey of Contemporary Fatherhood ( N = 2,181) and ordinary least squares regression models, we focus on the effect of depression on four measures of fathering behavior, with masculine norm adherence as a moderator. Results indicated that depression and masculinity had independent effects on father involvement. Furthermore, masculinity moderated the effect of depression for warmth, engagement, and use of harsh parenting—but not positive control. These results have important implications for how we think about the impact of depression on parenting and the role of socialized response in understanding fathering outcomes.

scholarly journals AGING-RELATED CHANGES IN MENTAL, PHYSICAL, AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: THE IMPACT OF THE RETIREMENT TRANSITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S798-S798
Author(s):  
Robert S Stawski ◽  
Kelly D Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Retirement Transition ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Retirement is an important transition in later life, associated with changes in social roles. It is unclear, however, whether the retirement transition modifies aging-related changes in mental, physical, and cognitive health. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined changes in depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and memory prior to, at, and after the retirement transition among 6,830 participants (Ages=50-97, 58% female) assessed biennially up to 10 times from 1992-2010. Preliminary results indicate a sudden and significant increase in depressive symptoms and decreases in self-rated health and memory at the transition to retirement (ps<.05). These effects increased among individuals retiring at older ages (ps<.01). Further, aging-related increases in depressive symptomatology became faster after retirement (p<.01). Aging-related decreases in self-rated health and memory were unchanged by the transition. Discussion will focus on the contribution of transitions to understanding trajectories of mental, physical, and cognitive health in later life.

scholarly journals The impact of fiscal policy on inflation in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Godly Otto ◽  
Wilfred I. Ukpere
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

nflation is a major problem in Nigeria. To stabilize the economy, policy makers have often used fiscal and monetary policies to address inflation. For efficacy of policy, it is important to know the likely influence of each of these on inflation in order to properly prescribe a solution. This work attempts to see the impact of fiscal policy on inflation. This is necessary because of the current demands of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), which is likely to increase government spending and possible inflation. Using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria spanning 32 years, the study used an ordinary least squares regression analysis, and observed that fiscal policy impacts on inflation but such impact is not significant. Therefore, government may on the basis of this study, implement the agreement it had with the Academic Staff Union of Universities without the fear of inflation.

The impact of technological innovation efficiency on firm growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽  
María J. Martínez-Romero ◽  
Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Involvement In Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer new insights regarding an issue that has attracted the interest of multitude academics and practitioners in business management and family firm literature: technological innovation (TI). Specifically, this study brings new knowledge regarding both the impact of TI efficiency on firm growth and the moderating role of family involvement in management on such relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a matched-pairs design and an ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine a sample of 152 Spanish manufacturing firms. Findings First, the authors show that firms obtaining higher TI efficiency are also those that achieve superior growth. Second, the authors reveal that as family involvement in management increases, the positive effect that TI efficiency exerts on firm growth is strengthened. Practical implications This study suggests that family managers should essentially consider various aspects such as tacit knowledge, social capital and long-standing collaborations with stakeholders to reinforce the relationship between TI efficiency and firm growth. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the effect of TI efficiency on firm growth, as well as, when and to what extent family involvement in management influences the TI efficiency–growth relationship. Thus, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the importance that family managers could have on firm growth deriving from TI efficiency.

scholarly journals Early Life Conditions, Adulthood Experiences, and Edentulism at Older Ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Haena Lee ◽  
Linda Waite
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The role of childhood in shaping overall adult health has been well documented, especially for physical and mental health, but much less is known about the impact of early disadvantage on oral health in later life. Using data from the 2006 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, we investigate the link between childhood financial and psychosocial adversity and edentulism over a six-year period among U.S. adults aged 51 and older. We find that those growing up with parents with fewer resources face higher risks of having lost all their tooth at baseline and during the follow-up. Adulthood socioeconomic status and health behaviors are strongly associated with the risk of edentulism, net of childhood conditions. However, the effect of low parental resources on the onset of edentulism persists when accounting for these life course factors. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.

scholarly journals The Roles of Marital Dissolution and Subsequent Repartnering on Loneliness in Later Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1796-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Wright ◽  
Anna M Hammersmith ◽  
Susan L Brown ◽  
I-Fen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives Loneliness in later life is associated with poorer health and higher risk of mortality. Our study assesses whether gray divorced adults report higher levels of loneliness than the widowed and whether social support or repartnership offset loneliness. Method Using data from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated ordinary least squares regression models for women (n = 2,362) and men (n = 1,127) to examine differences in loneliness by dissolution pathway (i.e., divorce versus widowhood), accounting for social support and repartnership. Results Divorced men were lonelier than their widowed counterparts. Although social support reduced loneliness among men, the difference between the divorced and widowed persisted. Repartnership assuaged men’s loneliness and reduced the variation between divorced and widowed men. Among women, the results did not reveal differences in loneliness for the divorced and widowed although social support and repartnership linked to less loneliness. Discussion Later-life marital dissolutions increasingly occur through divorce rather than spousal death. Some older adults go on to form new partnerships. Our findings demonstrate the importance of gerontological research widening the lens beyond widowhood to consider the ramifications of later-life divorce and repartnership for well-being.

A question of style

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Maskaly ◽  
Wesley Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supervisory Styles ◽  
Police Supervisors ◽  
Organizational Differences ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to replicate Engel’s (2001) styles of supervision using data from a new sample and including additional independent variables. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from a sample of police supervisors (N=369) at three distinct locations throughout the USA. Bivariate analyses and ordinary least squares regression were used to analyze the data. Findings The authors find three of Engel’s four supervisory styles and find largely consistent results, with the exception of gender. Further, the authors find strong evidence for persistent agency-level effects. Originality/value Supervisory styles are important to consider, especially when trying to effectively control the behavior of subordinates. While this study cannot address the impact of organizational differences, the consistent agency-level effects suggest this as something that should be considered again in future research.

scholarly journals The Earnings Differential Between Long-Тerm Immigrants and Natives in Russia: Тhe Role of Cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Earnings Differential ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this paper the author analyzes the impact of immigration cohorts on the earnings differential between long-term immigrants and natives in Russia. The nationally representative data came from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2010–2015. The main methods of empirical analysis in the study are ordinary least squares regression and the random effects model. The obtained results show that long-term immigrants who moved to Russia in the 2000s earn less on average than natives and those who moved to the country in the 1990s. The findings can be explained by two main reasons. On the one hand, cohorts differ in length of the residence period in the country. It is expected that immigrants who moved to Russia in the 1990s have been living in the country for a longer time and could have gained more competence and skills required for the Russian labor market. This, in turn, may positively affect their earnings. On the other hand, the two groups are quite heterogeneous in terms of human capital. Immigrants from the later cohort are less educated, and the share of ethnic Russian respondents among them is also lower compared to those who moved to the country in the 1990s. Distinctions in human capital lead to differences in earnings between the two groups of immigrants.

The impact of executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and organizational slack on innovation strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyuan Wang ◽  
Biao Luo ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhengyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to study the relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies and investigate the moderating effect of contextual factor (i.e. organizational slack) on such relations. It proposes a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies, in which different perceptions of environmental threats will lead to corresponding innovation strategies, and dyadic organizational slack can promote such processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a survey with 163 valid questionnaires, which were all completed by executives. Hierarchical ordinary least-squares regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses proposed in this paper. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about that executives tend to choose exploratory innovation when they perceive environmental changes as likely loss threats, yet adopt exploitative innovation when perceiving control-reducing threats. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack (e.g. financial redundancy) positively moderates both relationships, while absorbed slack (e.g. operational redundancy) merely positively influences the relationship between the perception of control-reducing threats and exploitative innovation. Originality/value The paper bridges the gap between organizational innovation and cognitive theory by proposing a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies. The paper further enriches innovation studies by jointly considering both subjective and objective influence factors of innovation and argues that organizational slack can moderate such dualistic relationship.

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