Physiological Responses to a Haunted-House Threat Experience: Distinct Tonic and Phasic Effects

Threats elicit physiological responses, the frequency and intensity of which have implications for survival. Ethical and practical limitations on human laboratory manipulations present barriers to studying immersive threat. Furthermore, few investigations have examined group effects and concordance with subjective emotional experiences to threat. The current preregistered study measured electrodermal activity in 156 adults while they participated in small groups in a 30-min haunted-house experience involving various immersive threats. Results revealed positive associations between (a) friends and tonic arousal, (b) unexpected attacks and phasic activity (frequency and amplitude), (c) subjective fear and phasic frequency, and (d) dissociable sensitization effects linked to baseline orienting response. Findings demonstrate the relevance of (a) social dynamics (friends vs. strangers) for tonic arousal and (b) subjective fear and threat predictability for phasic arousal.

Analysis of contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age

The article presents the materials of a large-scale study devoted to the study of the contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age, representing different sports. It has been established that the most commonly used types of contraception, in all age categories, are: interrupted intercourse, spermicides, barrier contraception (male condoms), hormonal patches. The most rarely used are hormonal contraception (single-phase and three-phase combined oral contraceptives) and intrauterine contraception. It has been established that the choice of a particular type of contraception among athletes is determined by such leading factors as sexual activity, frequency of sexual contacts, the number of sexual partners, the presence or absence of a family and marriage.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi untuk Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Efektivitas E-Learning

This study discusses the monitoring and evaluation of e-learning activities through the LMS (Learning Management System) application of Pamulang University. In the previous process, the system used could only display activities carried out by lecturers that were recorded in the e-learning log. The logs that are displayed only create, update, delete activity, and cannot provide information about the effectiveness of online learning. Other parameters are needed to measure the effectiveness of online learning. One of them is the number of activities lecturers have to do for each subject within a certain period. In each course, the lecturer activity frequency is called create. Create is intended to open discussion topics by providing questions and responses to students' answers. From the results of monitoring, the achievement of creation is not sufficient to determine the success of implementing e-learning at Pamulang University. So that several other restrictions are needed such as participation, intensity, and content suitability. However, problems that occur in other parameters cannot be monitored just by looking at the data from the e-learning log. From these problems, a visual presentation of the activities of lecturers and students is needed which allows Study Programs with low percentages to be identified as quickly as possible, and decision making can be determined. The results showed that the four parameters can be implemented in the system. The average value of student participation in discussion forums is 74.99%, the ratio of the intensity of the activeness of lecturers and students every day of the week during the implementation period is 49.40%. Then the content suitability obtained an average of 0.04% and an average value of 65.90% lecturer activity. The generating facility automatically shows the four parameters in cooperation with the final result considered to assess the effectiveness of e-learning.

The Longitudinal Relationship Between Engagement in Various Activities and Cognitive Functioning

Recent studies indicate that engaging in more diverse activities is related to higher cognitive functioning. Questions remain, however, regarding whether activity variety within different domains is important. We examined how overall activity variety across domains, as well as variety within cognitive, physical, and social domains are related to cognitive functioning. Data were drawn from Waves 2-3 of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). In cross-sectional analyses (N = 3349), activity variety overall and within each domain were positively related to cognitive functioning regardless of activity frequency. In longitudinal analyses (n = 2054), participants with consistently higher activity variety overall and within the social domain over time (vs. those with consistently low or decreasing activity variety) exhibited better cognitive functioning at W3 after adjusting for cognitive functioning at W2. Findings suggest that engaging in a variety of activities that involve multiple cognitive processes might be beneficial for cognitive health.

Level of engagement of recreational physical activity of urban villagers in Luohu, Shenzhen, China

Physical activity is important for health. However, there is a lack of literature related to the physical activity levels of adults living in urban villagers, which is a vulnerable population in China. The aim of this study is to compare the physical activity and sedentary behavior engagements between urban villagers and non-urban villagers using the 2019 Luohu Shenzhen, China Community Diagnosis Questionnaire. A total of 1205 adults living in urban villages and non-urban villages were included in the analysis. Unadjusted and multiple multivariate logistic regression were conducted for the dependent variable of engagement in recreational physical activity, frequency of recreational physical activity per week, and hours spent in sedentary behaviors per day. Descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the reasons for not engaging in physical activity among urban villagers and non-urban villagers. Across the included sample, 29.05% were urban villagers and 70.95% were non-urban villagers. The results suggested that urban villagers are more likely to engage in physical activity than non-urban villager (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.40, 2.59], p < 0.001). However, it was also found that urban village status had no significant association for frequency in engaging in physical activity and average hours spent in sedentary behaviors. Both urban villagers and non-urban villages indicated that lack of time, lack of safe and appropriate environment, and working in labor intensive occupations as some of the reasons for not engaging in physical activity. There is a need for tailed interventions and policies for promoting physical activity among urban villagers and non-urban villagers. Additional studies are needed to further our understanding of the physical activity behaviors among urban villagers in China.

Creativity of Phraseology in Contrast: Cinematic Discourse vs Discourse of Children’s Literature

The article features the results of contrastive analysis of phraseological creativity in two discourse types, cinematic discourse and discourse of children’s literature. In the study, we develop the parametric approach to linguistic creativity, with the parameter of phraseology displaying both language and discourse specific character. Two compiled subcorpora of cinematic discourse and discourse of children’s literature contingent in size, genre, creation period, addressee orientation and key pragmatic strategy, serve to explore the activity (frequency) distribution of phraseology as well as its creative language productivity. The Theory of Phraseological Creativity provides the criteria for demarcating creative and non-creative uses of phraseological units. Their further analysis in two subcorpora has shown that whilst their total activity in both discourses is similar, it is the cinematic discourse that demonstrates significant prevalence in phraseological modification, which evidences in favor of its higher discourse creativity potential. The study helped reveal the specificity in the phraseological modification strategies applied in cinematic discourse in contrast with discourse of children’s literature. Furthermore, we addressed the problem of parametric contingency which brought forward other criteria in demarcating creative and non-creative uses of phraseology in discourse. To explore the linguistic creativity parametric contingency, we assessed the joint activity of parameters correlating with phraseology use. Following the procedures of parametric activity processing in HETEROSTAT software and vector-space modelling, we received two discourse-specific phraseological contingency profiles. Their contrastive analysis revealed higher contingency values in the discourse of children’s literature. Moreover, it disclosed discourse-specific functional differences in creative and non-creative phraseology use in the discourse types contrasted. Whereas non-creative phraseological units in cinematic discourse displayed low correlation with other parameters of linguistic creativity, their creative uses displayed higher correlation. The same did not stand true for discourse of children’s literature, which demonstrated high correlation in both cases. Consequently, we concluded that the stimulating function is more typical of linguistic creativity parameters activation contingent with the creative uses of phraseology. In discourse of children’s literature apart from the stimulating function, the contingent parameters also display the compensatory function, with both functions stimulating the children’s comprehension of phraseology and simultaneously enhancing discourse creativity. The results suffice to show that the distribution of two functions – compensatory and stimulating – is discourse-specific, which extends the knowledge about linguistic and discourse creativity.

Understanding Worker Well-Being Relative to High-Workload and Recovery Activities across a Whole Day: Pilot Testing an Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique

Occupational health and safety is experiencing a paradigm shift from focusing only on health at the workplace toward a holistic approach and worker well-being framework that considers both work and non-work factors. Aligned with this shift, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine how, within a person, frequencies of high-workload and recovery activities from both work and non-work periods were associated with same day well-being measures. We analyzed data on 45 workers with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected activity data 5–6 times daily over 14 days. More frequent engagement in high-workload activities was associated with lower well-being on multiple measures including higher stress. Conversely, greater recovery activity frequency was mostly associated with higher well-being indicated by lower stress and higher positive affect. Overall, our results provide preliminary validity evidence for measures of high-workload and recovery activity exposure covering both work and non-work periods that can inform and support evaluations of worker well-being.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ INTERNET ACTIVITY FREQUENCY AND THEIR VOCABULARY SIZE AT IAIN BUKITTINGGI

The design of this research was correlational research. This research aimed to find out the correlation between students’ internet activity frequency and their vocabulary size. In this research, the researcher found some problems, such as some students frequently used the internet. However, their vocabulary was still limited, and some students rarely used the internet and had much vocabulary. The researcher used quantitative research. The population in this research was 108 students that were the total of the students in the seventh semester in IAIN Bukittinggi. The researcher took 30% of the population as a sample of this research which was 33 students. The researcher collected the data used questioners and tests. Based on the finding, there was a significant correlation between students‘ internet activities frequency and their vocabulary size that used SPSS 20. First, It had sig values is smaller than alpha (0,000001<0,05) or r-measured was bigger than r-table 0,730 > 0,3440. Second, there was a positive correlation between both variables (+0.730). Third, the magnitude of the correlation was high, with a score between 0.71- 0.90. The result showed that there is a correlation between student’s internet activity frequency and their vocabulary size.

The Binary Model of Chronic Diseases Applied to COVID-19

A binary model for the classification of chronic diseases has formerly been proposed. The model classifies chronic diseases as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases according to the extent of regulatory T cells (Treg) activity (frequency or function) observed. The present paper applies this model to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The model correctly predicts the efficacy or inefficacy of several immune-modulating drugs in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. It also correctly predicts the class of pathogens mostly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical implications are the following: (a) any search for new immune-modulating drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 should exclude candidates that do not induce “high Treg” immune reaction or those that do not spare CD8+ T cells; (b) immune-modulating drugs, which are effective against SARS-CoV-2, may not be effective against any variant of the virus that does not induce “low Treg” reaction; (c) any immune-modulating drug, which is effective in treating COVID-19, will also alleviate most coinfections; and (d) severe COVID-19 patients should avoid contact with carriers of “low Treg” pathogens.