scholarly journals EFFECT OF HUKOU MOBILITY ON DEPRESSION IN MID- AND LATER LIFE IN URBAN CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S603-S603
Author(s):  
Qian Song ◽  
James Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Relative Disadvantage ◽  
Family Based ◽  
History Survey

Abstract We investigate how the hukou system in China creates disparities in psychological well-being among rural-born urban residents in mid- and later-life, using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2013-2015) and its life history survey (2014). We differentiate merit- (education, employment), policy- (urbanization), and family-based rural-urban hukou converters, and our propensity score analyses show that merit-based (coef.=-0.14,p<0.01) and policy-based (coef.=-0.11,p<0.05) hukou conversion are psychologically protective of the hukou converters over those who still have rural hukou, but family-based conversion does not have an impact. Among all those who realized hukou mobility, those who did so in the period after 1998 has a relative disadvantage. The benefits of policy-based hukou conversion is most prominent for men, childhood converters, and those who realized hukou mobility between 1978 and 1998. Conversion at an older age puts women into disadvantage compared to an earlier age, though this is not the case for men.

scholarly journals The Citizenship Advantage in Psychological Well-being: An Examination of the Hukou System in China

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189
Author(s):  
Qian Song ◽  
James P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Salmon Bias ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Inverse Probability Weighted

Abstract Given that Chinese migrants with rural hukou status are not considered full citizens in their urban destinations, rural-urban hukou conversion signifies full citizenship attainment in urban China. We assess causal effects of three major types of urban hukou attainment—merit-, policy-, and family-based hukou conversion—on migrants' psychological well-being in middle- and later-life. We further examine how hukou matters—how periods and hukou destinations alter the values of specific urban hukou and their psychological health implications for individuals. We use the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2015 data) and life history data (for 2014) for analysis. To assess the extent to which the salmon effect contributes to estimation bias for migrants, we compare results from a sample with current migrants and one with current and returned migrants. To address for selection into hukou conversion, we adopt inverse probability–weighted regression adjustment methods. We show that the salmon bias significantly dampened causal estimates. Merit- and policy-based hukou conversion has protective effects on psychological well-being. Policy-based converters have better psychological health than other types of converters. Hukou conversion in the pre-1978 period conveys greater psychological benefits than that in the post-1998 period, when economic and social values of urban hukou have decreased. Hukou converters in the cities with the most resources enjoy better psychological well-being than their counterparts in other cities. Our study joins the emerging literature in investigating how citizenship conveys advantage in health and well-being. We discuss these results in the global context as well as the context of China's decades of evolution of hukou policy and the urbanization process.

scholarly journals COMPOSITE MEASURES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION: AN APPLICATION TO THE IRISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S803-S803
Author(s):  
Sinead Keogh ◽  
Stephen O’ Neill ◽  
Kieran Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Linear Aggregation

Abstract The measurement of the complex, multidimensional and dynamic concept of old-age social exclusion has been constrained due to theoretical and methodological challenges as well as a reliance on secondary data sources not designed to collect social exclusion indicators. Limitations in measuring social exclusion in later life hinder the expansion of our empirical and conceptual understanding of social exclusion. In this paper, we seek to address these limitations by developing a composite measure of old-age social exclusion using three methods: 1) normalisation through re-scaling with linear aggregation, 2) a sum-of-scores approach with an applied threshold and, 3) classification and regression trees (CART), a machine learning approach. Using the conceptual framework of old-age exclusion presented by Walsh et al., (2017), these three approaches are applied empirically with data from Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). The measures are assessed in terms of their ability to explain a validated measure of psychological well-being. Results suggest that despite the challenges associated with secondary data and measurement techniques that implicitly measure social exclusion, the newly proposed composite measure computed using CART performed better than the other two measures which are more prevalent in the literature.

scholarly journals Psychological well-being and incident frailty in men and women: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Gale ◽  
C. Cooper ◽  
I. J. Deary ◽  
A. Aihie Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundObservations that older people who enjoy life more tend to live longer suggest that psychological well-being may be a potential resource for healthier ageing. We investigated whether psychological well-being was associated with incidence of physical frailty.MethodWe used multinomial logistic regression to examine the prospective relationship between psychological well-being, assessed using the CASP-19, a questionnaire that assesses perceptions of control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure, and incidence of physical frailty or pre-frailty, defined according to the Fried criteria (unintentional weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slow walking speed and low physical activity), in 2557 men and women aged 60 to ⩾90 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).ResultsMen and women with higher levels of psychological well-being were less likely to become frail over the 4-year follow-up period. For a standard deviation higher score in psychological well-being at baseline, the relative risk ratio (RR) for incident frailty, adjusted for age, sex and baseline frailty status, was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.54]. There was a significant association between psychological well-being and risk of pre-frailty (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.63–0.77). Examination of scores for hedonic (pleasure) and eudaimonic (control, autonomy and self-realization) well-being showed that higher scores on both were associated with decreased risk. Associations were partially attenuated by further adjustment for other potential confounding factors but persisted. Incidence of pre-frailty or frailty was associated with a decline in well-being, suggesting that the relationship is bidirectional.ConclusionsMaintaining a stronger sense of psychological well-being in later life may protect against the development of physical frailty. Future research needs to establish the mechanisms underlying these findings.

RUSKIN'S MEMORIAL LANDSCAPES

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Francis O'Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
John Ruskin ◽  
Memorial Landscape ◽  
Memorial Landscapes

AbstractJohn Ruskin, on significant public occasions in his later life, affirmed the healthiness of the human imagination that found in nature not divine truths, but human histories. He celebrated as a sign of a community's well being, the capacity of the eye to look at landscape with awareness of its (imagined) history. Perceiving the environment in this way was to enter imaginatively into association with one's own society's past and ancestral heritage, and to recognize a meaningful and personally relevant continuum between the present and history. But when writing his own life history, Ruskin realized with regret that he could not fully memorialise his ancestors because he had been 'profanely' indifferent to their history. Aware of the value of a memorial landscape but importantly detached from his own history, Ruskin sensed himself adrift. But the uneasy dislocation he felt here was more than personal: it was culturally suggestive as a pre-echo of the more dramatically deracinated self, detached from history and community, which characterized modernity's notion of selfhood.

scholarly journals The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: New Cognitive, Genetic, Biological, and Social Data and a Diversifying Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
Michal Engelman
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Abstract The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) has followed a sample of one in three Wisconsin high school graduates from the class of 1957 for over 64 years, making it an excellent data source for researchers interested in linking early and midlife characteristics to a wide range of later-life outcomes. The WLS is unique among major studies of aging cohorts for its duration of follow up, the inclusion of siblings, and the combination of rich social and health information. This symposium will provide an overview of the WLS, describe recent data collection and linkages, and introduce ongoing efforts to diversify the educational and racial/ethnic composition of the study sample. WLS data cover nearly every aspect of the participants’ lives from early life socioeconomic background, schooling, family, and work, to physical and mental health, social participation, civic engagement, well-being, and cognition. The study is linked to administrative data including Medicare records, Social Security records, mortality records, and resource data on primary and secondary schools attended by participants as well as characteristics of their employers, industries, and communities of residence. Recent data collection efforts have generated a wealth of new biological and cognitive information, including genetic data collected from saliva and blood samples, measures of the gut microbiome, and derived polygenic scores for educational attainment, cognitive performance, depression, and subjective well-being. The currently-fielding ILIAD effort is implementing rigorous AD diagnostic protocols to track the progression of dementia across cognitive phenotypes. The symposium will conclude with practical information on accessing and using the data.

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