scholarly journals ARE THERE BIDIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COGNITION AND BALANCE ABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM A BRITISH BIRTH COHORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S609-S609
Author(s):  
Joanna M Blodgett ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Bidirectional Associations

Abstract Age-related changes in cognitive and balance abilities are well-established, as is their correlation with one another. There is, however, limited evidence regarding the directionality of associations and whether or not common biological processes may underlie their age-related declines. The main aim was to explore bidirectional associations between balance and cognitive abilities in mid-later life using data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, the 1946 British birth cohort (n=2735). Cognition was assessed at ages 43, 53, 60-64 and 69 with verbal memory and search speed tasks. One-legged standing balance time (eyes closed) was assessed at ages 53, 60-64 and 69. Two autoregressive cross-lagged models simultaneously assessed bidirectional associations of balance with verbal memory and search speed over time. Results suggest a unidirectional association between verbal memory and subsequent balance in both sexes, decreasing with age from 0.14 SD balance (95%CI: 0.10,0.17) per 1SD verbal memory to 0.06 (0.01,0.10) to 0.05 (0.01,0.09). Search speed at age 43 was associated with balance at age 53 [men: 0.11(0.06,0.16); women: 0.09 (0.03,0.13)]; additionally, in men, there was evidence of a bidirectional association between ages 60-64 and 69 [balance to search speed: 0.05 (0.00,0.10); search speed to balance: 0.09 (0.02,0.16)]. These findings support the notion that successful balance relies mainly upon cognitive processing to successfully integrate vestibular, visual and proprioceptive input with motor output. Including a cognitive component in balance and fall risk intervention programs could have an additive benefit in improving neural pathways involved in balance and thus reducing fall risk.

scholarly journals Childhood Cognition and Age-Related Change in Standing Balance Performance From Mid to Later Life: Findings From a British Birth Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Blodgett ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Daniel H J Davis ◽  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cognitive processing plays a crucial role in the integration of sensory input and motor output that facilitates balance. However, whether balance ability in adulthood is influenced by cognitive pathways established in childhood is unclear, especially as no study has examined if these relationships change with age. We aimed to investigate associations between childhood cognition and age-related change in standing balance between mid and later life. Methods Data on 2,380 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development were included in analyses. Repeated measures multilevel models estimated the association between childhood cognition, assessed at age 15, and log-transformed balance time, assessed at ages 53, 60–64, and 69 using the one-legged stand with eyes closed. Adjustments were made for sex, death, attrition, anthropometric measures, health conditions, health behaviors, education, other indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP), and adult verbal memory. Results In a sex-adjusted model, 1 standard deviation increase in childhood cognition was associated with a 13% (95% confidence interval: 10, 16; p < .001) increase in balance time at age 53, and this association got smaller with age (cognition × age interaction: p < .001). Adjustments for education, adult verbal memory, and SEP largely explained these associations. Conclusions Higher childhood cognition was associated with better balance performance in midlife, with diminishing associations with increasing age. The impact of adjustment for education, cognition and other indicators of SEP suggested a common pathway through which cognition is associated with balance across life. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms, which may have important implications for falls risk and maintenance of physical capability.

Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Hearing Loss: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110423
Author(s):  
Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

The relationship between depression and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is not fully understood. This study tested the bidirectional associations between clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDSs) and ARHL in middle-aged and older adults using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Among 3,418 participants free of baseline ARHL, baseline CSDS was associated with an increased odds of incident ARHL (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51). Cognitive decline, BMI, and arthritis partially mediated the longitudinal CSDS–ARHL association and explained 24% of the variance in the total effect. Among 4,921 participants without baseline CSDS, baseline ARHL was associated with an increased odds of incident CSDS (OR: 1.37). The bidirectional associations remained significant after adjustments for baseline demographic factors, comorbidities, and other health-related covariates. Depression may contribute to the development of ARHL, and vice versa. Interventions in depression, cognitive decline, and arthritis may delay the onset of ARHL and break the vicious circle between them.

scholarly journals Delirium symptoms are associated with decline in cognitive function between ages 53 to 69: findings from a British birth cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsui ◽  
D Kuh ◽  
M Richards ◽  
D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFew population studies have investigated whether longitudinal decline after delirium in mid-to-late life might affect specific cognitive domains.METHODSParticipants from a birth cohort completing assessments of search speed, verbal memory and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination at age 69 were asked about delirium symptoms between ages 60-69. Linear regression models estimated associations between delirium symptoms and cognitive outcomes.RESULTSPeriod prevalence of delirium between 60 and 69 was 4% (95% CI 3.2%,4.9%). Self-reported symptoms of delirium over the seventh decade were associated with worse scores in the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (−1.7 points, 95% CI −3.2, −0.1, p=0.04). In association with delirium symptoms, verbal memory scores were initially lower, with subsequent decline in search speed by age 69. These effects were independent of other Alzheimer’s risk factors.DISCUSSIONDelirium symptoms may be common even at relatively younger ages, and their presence may herald cognitive decline, particularly in search speed, over this time period.

scholarly journals Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Dercon ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Jonathan M. Schott ◽  
Marcus Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

Abstract Background Grip strength is an indicator of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We assessed whether trends in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition. Methods 446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60–64, and 69, and subsequently underwent neuroimaging as part of a neuroscience sub-study, referred to as “Insight 46”, at age 69–71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- or above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Group assignment, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from midlife were each related to measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors. Results Lower grip strength from midlife was associated with smaller WBV and lower matrix reasoning scores at age 69–71, with findings consistent between analysis of individual time points and analysis of trajectory groups. There was little evidence of an association between grip strength and other cognitive test scores. Although greater declines in grip strength showed a weak association with higher WMHV at age 69–71, trends in the opposite direction were seen at individual time points with higher grip strength at ages 60–64, and 69 associated with higher WMHV. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess to what extent age-related declines in grip strength from midlife reflect concurrent changes in brain structure.

scholarly journals Fluid Intelligence Predicts Change in Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1984-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Aichele ◽  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Janie Corley ◽  
Alison Pattie ◽  
Adele M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

We examined reciprocal, time-ordered associations between age-related changes in fluid intelligence and depressive symptoms. Participants were 1,091 community-dwelling older adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study who were assessed repeatedly at 3-year intervals between the ages of 70 and 79 years. On average, fluid intelligence and depressive symptoms worsened with age. There was also a dynamic-coupling effect, in which low fluid intelligence at a given age predicted increasing depressive symptoms across the following 3-year interval, whereas the converse did not hold. Model comparisons showed that this coupling parameter significantly improved overall fit and had a correspondingly moderately strong effect size, accounting on average for an accumulated 0.9 standard-deviation increase in depressive symptoms, following lower cognitive performance, across the observed age range. Adjustment for sociodemographic and health-related covariates did not significantly attenuate this association. This implies that monitoring for cognitive decrements in later life may expedite interventions to reduce related increases in depression risk.

Morning salivary cortisol and cognitive function in mid-life: evidence from a population-based birth cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1763-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-C. Geoffroy ◽  
C. Hertzman ◽  
L. Li ◽  
C. Power
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BackgroundThe hormone ‘cortisol’ has been associated with cognitive deficits in older ages, and also with childhood cognition. The extent to which the associations of cortisol with cognitive deficits in later life reflect associations with childhood cognition ability is unclear. This study aimed to assess associations between adult cortisol levels and subsequent cognitive functions, while considering childhood cognition and other lifetime covariates.MethodData are from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Two morning salivary cortisol samples were obtained at 45 years: 45 min after waking (t1) and 3 h later (t2). Standardized tests assessing immediate and delayed verbal memory, verbal fluency and speed of processing were administered at 50 years. Information on cortisol, cognitive outcomes and covariates [e.g. birthweight, lifetime socio-economic position (SEP), education, smoking and drinking habits, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and depression/anxiety] was obtained for 4655 participants.ResultsWorse immediate and delayed verbal memory and verbal fluency at 50 years were predicted by elevated t2 cortisol at 45 years. For instance, for 1 standard deviation (s.d.) increase in t2 cortisol, individuals scored −0.05 s.d. lower on verbal memory and fluency tests. Childhood cognition explained about 30% of these associations, but associations with adult cognition remained.ConclusionsThis study suggests that higher cortisol levels in late morning at 45 years are associated with poorer verbal memory and fluency at 50 years, with a contribution from childhood cognition to these associations.

scholarly journals Decline in Search Speed and Verbal Memory Over 26 Years of Midlife in a British Birth Cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Rebecca Bendayan ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Search Speed

scholarly journals Intellectual engagement and cognitive ability in later life (the “use it or lose it” conjecture): longitudinal, prospective study

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T Staff ◽  
Michael J Hogan ◽  
Daniel S Williams ◽  
L J Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between intellectual engagement and cognitive ability in later life, and determine whether the maintenance of intellectual engagement will offset age related cognitive decline. Design Longitudinal, prospective, observational study. Setting Non-clinical volunteers in late middle age (all born in 1936) living independently in northeast Scotland. Participants Sample of 498 volunteers who had taken part in the Scottish Mental Health Survey of 1947, from one birth year (1936). Main outcome measures Cognitive ability and trajectory of cognitive decline in later life. Typical intellectual engagement was measured by a questionnaire, and repeated cognitive measurements of information processing speed and verbal memory were obtained over a 15 year period (recording more than 1200 longitudinal data points for each cognitive test). Results Intellectual engagement was significantly associated with level of cognitive performance in later life, with each point on a 24 point scale accounting for 0.97 standardised cognitive performance (IQ-like) score, for processing speed and 0.71 points for memory (both P<0.05). Engagement in problem solving activities had the largest association with life course cognitive gains, with each point accounting for 0.43 standardised cognitive performance score, for processing speed and 0.36 points for memory (both P<0.05). However, engagement did not influence the trajectory of age related decline in cognitive performance. Engagement in intellectual stimulating activities was associated with early life ability, with correlations between engagement and childhood ability and education being 0.35 and 0.22, respectively (both P<0.01). Conclusion These results show that self reported engagement is not associated with the trajectory of cognitive decline in late life, but is associated with the acquisition of ability during the life course. Overall, findings suggest that high performing adults engage and those that engage more being protected from relative decline.

scholarly journals Neurology-related protein biomarkers are associated with general fluid cognitive ability and brain volume in older age

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Harris ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Steven Bell ◽  
Riccardo E. Marioni ◽  
Bram P Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractIdentifying the biological correlates of late life cognitive function is important if we are to ascertain biomarkers for, and develop treatments to help reduce, age-related cognitive decline. This study investigated the associations between plasma levels of 91 neurology-related proteins (Olink® Proteomics) and general fluid cognitive ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936, N=798), the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921, N=165), and the INTERVAL BioResource, (N=4,451). In LBC1936, we also examined mediation of protein-cognitive ability associations by MRI-derived indices of brain structure. In the LBC1936, 22 of the proteins and the first principal component (PC) created from a PC analysis of the 91 proteins, were associated with general fluid cognitive ability (β between −0.11 and −0.17, p<0.0029). Total brain volume partially mediated the association between 10 of these proteins and general fluid cognitive ability. Effect sizes for the 22 proteins, although smaller, were all in the same direction as in LBC1936 in an age-matched subsample of INTERVAL. Similar effect sizes were found for the majority of these 22 proteins in the older LBC1921. The associations were not replicated in a younger subset of INTERVAL. In conclusion, we identified plasma levels of a number of neurology-related proteins that were associated with general fluid cognitive ability in later life, some of which were mediated by brain volume.

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