scholarly journals WORK ENVIRONMENTS AMONG OLDER WORKING CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S218-S218
Author(s):  
Dawn C Carr ◽  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Kendra Jason ◽  
Chivon A Mingo ◽  
Tiffany R Washington
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Job Lock ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Caregiving Roles

Abstract Many older workers balance paid work with care work. Working caregivers face unique challenges that make them more likely to leave the work force. However work environments may be more or less accommodating to their needs, and in addition, they may need to work for financial reasons. Current research on working caregivers has not explored: a) the work environments of older working caregivers; b) whether particular work environments are likely to influence whether caregivers stop working; and c) whether these effects vary by type of care work (spousal versus parental). This study addresses these gaps. Using data drawn from the 2008-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we used latent class analysis to develop a typology of work environments of individuals 51-75 who are engaged in paid work. Four classes of work environments emerged: A) balanced, supportive work environments (34%); B) average environments with high job lock (30%); C) poor, unsupportive work environments (21%); and D) highly accommodating, stressful jobs (14%). Logistic regression results showed those in group D were less likely than all other groups to leave their jobs. In addition, relative to spousal caregivers, parental caregivers in class A were significantly more likely to leave the labor force. Results suggest that caregivers may be more likely to continue engaging in paid work in supportive work environments, and work environments may be more likely to retain older working caregivers by identifying ways to help them meet their work needs and maintain their caregiving roles.

Masculinity and Childcare

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Berit Brandth ◽  
Elin Kvande
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Caregiving Roles

This chapter focuses on fathers who took parental leave before they were granted earmarked rights. Fathers taking parental leave were rare at that time. The chapter explores how they include caregiving in their construction of masculinity. Using an interactionist perspective, viewing mothers and fathers as negotiating their caregiving roles, we find that fathers assert masculine identity by using several strategies. One of them is shaping their form of care-work differently from mothers' interaction with the child. Another is defining caregiving as an extension of the “masculine sphere” of the outdoors. Both mothers and fathers, however, take part in the process of reproducing masculinity as normative by giving masculine care higher status than women’s care work. Care-giving activities are adopted by the hegemonic form of masculinity with its strong connection to paid work.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards working in retirement: a latent class analysis of older workers’ motives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Hess ◽  
Laura Naegele ◽  
Jana Mäcken
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Preferred Hours

Abstract One of the fastest growing labour market groups is working pensioners, meaning those who work past the statutory retirement age whilst receiving a pension. Previous research has investigated the motives of this group and found very heterogeneous reasons for employment in retirement. However, little is known about the expectations and preferred work arrangements of older workers regarding a potential post-retirement employment. Using data from the German survey transitions and old age potential, we explore older workers’ motives, preferences and expectations towards working in retirement. Results show that about half of the respondents plan to work in addition to receiving a pension; however, the share is higher amongst men and those with higher levels of education. The motives for staying in post-retirement employment vary as well: using latent class analysis, we find four distinct patterns of motives that can be classified as (1) financially-driven, (2) status-driven, (3) contact and fun-driven, as well as (4) generativity-driven, underlining the complexity of retirement decisions. Furthermore, preferences regarding arrangements when combining work and retirement are very heterogeneous. Whilst highly educated men want to work as self-employed, women and those with lower qualifications want to stay in their old jobs. Only small differences were found regarding preferred hours (about 17) and days per week (2.24). In summary, the results show that the rapidly growing group of working pensioners and their preferences should be seen as characterised by differences by those responsible for creating these post-retirement employment opportunities.

scholarly journals E-bike user groups and substitution effects: evidence from longitudinal travel data in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs de Haas ◽  
Maarten Kroesen ◽  
Caspar Chorus ◽  
Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser ◽  
Serge Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mode Of Transport

AbstractIn recent years, the e-bike has become increasingly popular in many European countries. With higher speeds and less effort needed, the e-bike is a promising mode of transport to many, and it is considered a good alternative for certain car trips by policy-makers and planners. A major limitation of many studies that investigate such substitution effects of the e-bike, is their reliance on cross-sectional data which do not allow an assessment of within-person travel mode changes. As a consequence, there is currently no consensus about the e-bike’s potential to replace car trips. Furthermore, there has been little research focusing on heterogeneity among e-bike users. In this respect, it is likely that different groups exist that use the e-bike for different reasons (e.g. leisure vs commute travel), something which will also influence possible substitution patterns. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) it presents a statistical analysis to assess the extent to which e-bike trips are substituting trips by other travel modes based on longitudinal data; (2) it reveals different user groups among the e-bike population. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model is estimated using five waves of data from the Netherlands Mobility Panel. Furthermore, a Latent Class Analysis is performed using data from the Dutch national travel survey. Results show that, when using longitudinal data, the substitution effects between e-bike and the competing travel modes of car and public transport are not as significant as reported in earlier research. In general, e-bike trips only significantly reduce conventional bicycle trips in the Netherlands, which can be regarded an unwanted effect from a policy-viewpoint. For commuting, the e-bike also substitutes car trips. Furthermore, results show that there are five different user groups with their own distinct behaviour patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. They also show that groups that use the e-bike primarily for commuting or education are growing at a much higher rate than groups that mainly use the e-bike for leisure and shopping purposes.

scholarly journals Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Tali Kristal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

Abstract 002: Assessing Profiles Of Cardiometabolic Risk Among South Asians Living In The United States Using A Syndemic Framework And Acculturation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A Montiel Ishino ◽  
Katia M Canenguez ◽  
Jeffrey H Cohen ◽  
Belinda Needham ◽  
Namratha Kandula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Family Income ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality

Background: South Asians (SA) are the second largest US immigrant group and have excess cardiometabolic (CM) disease. While acculturation is associated with increased CM risk among immigrants and refugees, the role of acculturation on SA CM risk is relatively unknown. CM disease presents as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic involving multiple disease clusters as well as the biological, social, and psychological interactions from the acculturative process to worsen morbidity within subgroups. Methods: We used latent class analysis to identify SA CM risk based on acculturation subgroups using data from adults aged 40-84 in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N=771). The distal outcome of CM risk was constructed using hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and body mass index. Proxies of acculturation included years lived in the US, English proficiency, cuisine eaten at home, cultural traditions, ethnicity of friends, social and neighborhood support, and experienced discrimination; as well as mental health indicators, which included depression, trait anxiety, anger, and positive and negative spiritual coping. Covariates included demographic characteristics, family income, education, study site, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, religiosity and spirituality. Results: Four CM risk profiles and acculturation subgroups were identified: 1) lowest risk [73.8%] were the most integrated with both SA and US culture; 2) intermediate-low risk [13.4%] had high mental health distress and discrimination and separated from SA and US culture; 3) intermediate-high risk [8.9%] were more assimilated with US culture; and 4) highest risk [3.9%] were more assimilated with US culture [Figure]. Conclusion: Our approach identified distinct nuanced profiles of syndemic CM risk to understand how acculturation and sociocultural factors cluster with health in US South Asians. Our syndemic framework will further understanding of CM risk among SA to best design tailored prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals Customers’ Mode Choice Behaviors of Express Service Based on Latent Class Analysis and Logit Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Lian ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Lihuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Taste Heterogeneity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Service Choice

As the parcel delivery service is booming in China, the competition among express companies intensifies. This paper employed multinomial logit model (MNL) and latent class model (LCM) to investigate customers’ express service choice behavior, using data from a SP survey. The attributes and attribute levels that matter most to express customers are identified. Meanwhile, the customers are divided into two segments (penny pincher segment and high-end segment) characterized by their taste heterogeneity. The results indicate that the LCM performs statistically better than MNL in our sample. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the taste heterogeneity, especially for further academic and policy research in freight choice behavior.

Is Retirement a Crisis for Men? Class and Adjustment to Retirement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Pietilä ◽  
Toni Calasanti ◽  
Hanna Ojala ◽  
Neal King
Keyword(s):  
Paid Work ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Metal Workers ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Crisis Discourse ◽  
Crisis Of Masculinity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Crisis

Because paid work is taken to be central to manhood, scholarly and popular discourse have characterized retirement as presenting a “crisis of masculinity.” However, such a crisis is not borne out by research, perhaps because scholars have not considered how class might shape masculinities and thus expectations and experiences of retirement. Using data obtained from interviews with Finnish metal workers and engineers who are either approaching retirement or recently retired, we ask whether (1) this crisis discourse is reflected in their retirement expectations, (2) it matches their actual experiences of retirement, and (3) retirement disrupts the masculinities of some class groups more than others. We find evidence of this retirement crisis discourse in our respondents’ views of retirement, but not in their actual experiences, belying the homogeneity of masculinity implied by it. Class shapes both the perceived content of crises and the actual retirement experiences.

scholarly journals Gender Attitudes in Religious Schools: A Comparative Study of Religious and Secular Private Schools in Guatemala

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Mather
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

This study assesses the effect that private religious schools have on gender attitudes in students. Using data collected from twenty-one private schools in Guatemala, gender attitudes are assessed using latent class analysis. The results indicate that students’ gender attitudes can be categorized into three distinct profiles. These are non-egalitarian, publicly egalitarian, and generally egalitarian. Subsequent analysis reveals that religious schools and specific religious beliefs are correlated with different gender attitude profiles. For instance, Catholic school students are more likely to be generally egalitarian than students in evangelical or secular schools, and biblical literalists are most likely to be publicly egalitarian. Overall, this research highlights the need to develop new conceptual models to provide more accurate and nuanced descriptions of gender attitudes. It also provides new insight into correlations between religious schools and religious beliefs and gender attitudes formation.

Using Profiles of Human and Social Capital to Understand Adult Immigrants’ Education Needs: A Latent Class Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calonie M. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
International Assessment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adult Immigrants ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The U.S

With the U.S. adult education system providing education services to millions of immigrants annually, understanding the unique skills and assets among adult immigrant learners is important. Using data from the U.S. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, this study used data on immigrants ( n = 1,873) to identify latent classes along dimensions of human and social capital. Latent class analysis indicated five discrete profiles: High Opportunity, Upskill Ready, Satisfactorily Skilled, Motivated and Engaged, and Highly Skilled. The results provide support for using customized education approaches to capitalize on the collection of assets adult learners have while concurrently increasing education service providers’ capacity to serve.

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