Is Retirement a Crisis for Men? Class and Adjustment to Retirement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Pietilä ◽  
Toni Calasanti ◽  
Hanna Ojala ◽  
Neal King
Keyword(s):  
Paid Work ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Metal Workers ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Crisis Discourse ◽  
Crisis Of Masculinity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Crisis

Because paid work is taken to be central to manhood, scholarly and popular discourse have characterized retirement as presenting a “crisis of masculinity.” However, such a crisis is not borne out by research, perhaps because scholars have not considered how class might shape masculinities and thus expectations and experiences of retirement. Using data obtained from interviews with Finnish metal workers and engineers who are either approaching retirement or recently retired, we ask whether (1) this crisis discourse is reflected in their retirement expectations, (2) it matches their actual experiences of retirement, and (3) retirement disrupts the masculinities of some class groups more than others. We find evidence of this retirement crisis discourse in our respondents’ views of retirement, but not in their actual experiences, belying the homogeneity of masculinity implied by it. Class shapes both the perceived content of crises and the actual retirement experiences.

scholarly journals Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Tali Kristal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

Industry, Family, and Class: The Working-Class Community in Barreiro

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Ana Nunes de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Metal Workers ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Family Strategies

Frequently placed on the edges of scientific debate and analyzed in relation to problems or theoretical constructs specific to other social groups, the portrait of the “working-class family” is too often the product of logical deductions and a sort of no-man's land. The research project described by the present article concerns factories, working-class groups, and family strategies in Barreiro, a Portuguese industrial town near Lisbon, the Portuguese capital. Special attention is given to reconstructing the industrial experience at a regional level and to the study of workers in the cork and heavy metallurgical industries of Barreiro. The results suggest the internal diversity of the working-class world and two different kinds of linkeage between family and workplace life—the survival strategy of cork workers in the 1920s, and the promotion strategy of the metal workers in the 1950s.

Factors Associated With the Early Work Experiences of Adolescents With Severe Disabilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Carter ◽  
Diane Austin ◽  
Audrey A. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Employment Success ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Longitudinal Transition Study

Abstract The early work experiences of a nationally representative sample of youth with severe disabilities (i.e., intellectual disabilities, autism, multiple disabilities) were examined. Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2, we explored the extent to which various student-, family-, school-, and community-level factors were associated with paid work experiences during high school. Findings highlight the elusiveness of early work experiences for many youth with severe disabilities and call attention to malleable factors that may play a role in shaping employment success during high school. Recommendations for research and practice are highlighted.

scholarly journals Identity Management and Community Belonging: The Coming Out Careers of Young Disabled LGBT+ Persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1893-1912
Author(s):  
Alex Toft
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Coming out is best viewed in terms of a career with no discernible endpoint. Popular discourse and stage-based models which emphasise a linear phased approach tend not to accurately represent contemporary coming out experiences. Using data from interviews, focus groups and interactive workshops, this article explores the perceptions and strategies towards coming out by young disabled LGBT+ people. I suggest that viewing coming out careers as an identity management technique helps to shed light upon the relationship between intersecting identities and helps to examine the negotiations taking place, whilst teasing out how such identities impact and inform one another against the backdrop of misunderstanding. The stories of the participants also show that the framing of coming out as an imperative to living honestly and authentically was not a common experience. However, coming out to feel a sense of belonging within communities remains central to the perceived benefits. Coming out for the participants reveals tensions between their identities based on ableism and heteronormativity that led them to reconsider the viability and benefits of coming out. However, the participants revealed a challenging two-way relationship between the LGBT+ community and them as disabled people.

scholarly journals WORK ENVIRONMENTS AMONG OLDER WORKING CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S218-S218
Author(s):  
Dawn C Carr ◽  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Kendra Jason ◽  
Chivon A Mingo ◽  
Tiffany R Washington
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Job Lock ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Caregiving Roles

Abstract Many older workers balance paid work with care work. Working caregivers face unique challenges that make them more likely to leave the work force. However work environments may be more or less accommodating to their needs, and in addition, they may need to work for financial reasons. Current research on working caregivers has not explored: a) the work environments of older working caregivers; b) whether particular work environments are likely to influence whether caregivers stop working; and c) whether these effects vary by type of care work (spousal versus parental). This study addresses these gaps. Using data drawn from the 2008-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we used latent class analysis to develop a typology of work environments of individuals 51-75 who are engaged in paid work. Four classes of work environments emerged: A) balanced, supportive work environments (34%); B) average environments with high job lock (30%); C) poor, unsupportive work environments (21%); and D) highly accommodating, stressful jobs (14%). Logistic regression results showed those in group D were less likely than all other groups to leave their jobs. In addition, relative to spousal caregivers, parental caregivers in class A were significantly more likely to leave the labor force. Results suggest that caregivers may be more likely to continue engaging in paid work in supportive work environments, and work environments may be more likely to retain older working caregivers by identifying ways to help them meet their work needs and maintain their caregiving roles.

Time Strains and Psychological Well-Being

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei M. Nomaguchi ◽  
Melissa A. Milkie ◽  
Suzanne M. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Free Time ◽  
National Study ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce, these authors examine gender differences in feeling time strain for children, spouse, and oneself and in the association of these feelings with psychological well-being among dual-earner parents. Fathers are more likely than mothers to report feeling time deficits with their children and spouse; however, it is primarily because fathers spend more hours in paid work than mothers. Yet feelings of time deficits with children and spouse are associated with lower well-being only for mothers. In terms of time for oneself, mothers more than fathers feel strains, net of the time they spend on free-time activities. Mothers and fathers who feel a time shortage for themselves express lower well-being, although for some measures, the relationship is stronger for fathers.

Exploring Correlates of Paid Early Work Experiences for Youth With Autism Using NLTS2012 Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 108835762095691
Author(s):  
Xueqin Qian ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Clare Papay
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parent Expectations ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Longitudinal Transition Study

Prior research has demonstrated that paid work experience while in school is a predictor of postschool employment outcomes for youth with disabilities. For youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), early paid work experience in high school can provide a place to learn occupational skills as well as develop communication, problem solving and interpersonal skills and behaviors that are essential for obtaining and maintaining employment. In the present study, we examined the extent to which youth with ASD have engaged in early paid work experiences while in school and factors associated with such experiences, using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 . We found that approximately 24.4% of youth with ASD reported having been involved in a paid work experience during high school at some point within the past year. Further, age, social engagement, household income, and parent expectations were significant predictors of early paid work experience. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Education: A Key Factor in Economic and Social Exclusion?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Callister
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Life Education

Recently emergent in both research and popular literature is the notion that a significant group of people in the industrialised societies are excluded from economic and social life. Education is often seen as a key factor in this process. Research shows that people with low levels of formal education are disproportionately represented among those excluded from participation in the labour market. Other research, in turn, suggests the loss of paid work can lead to exclusion from family and community life. These ideas are explored in a New Zealand context using data from the 1996 census.

scholarly journals Gender and Generational Continuity: Breadwinners, Caregivers and Pension Provision in the UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Price
Keyword(s):  
Paid Work ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Female Part ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generational Continuity

The UK is considered a ’male breadwinner/female part-time carer’ state due to men and women conforming to stereotypical gender roles within partnerships, and welfare policies reflecting and reinforcing this gender division. Using data from the General Household Surveys 2001 and 2002, this article shows that mothers continue to be markedly disadvantaged in participating in the accumulation of pensions compared to women who have never had children. This is mostly because they take on caring roles at the expense of paid work, but also because where women earn much less than their partners, they are more likely to depend on them for pension provision. Female breadwinners are likely to be low earners, and so, in contrast with men, their status as “breadwinner” does not usually imply pension accumulation. Consideration of the impact of the institutional framework of pension provision requires an understanding of inequalities within couples and societal expectations of mothers’ caring responsibilities.

Aspirations and occupational achievements of Dutch fathers and mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
Tanja van der Lippe ◽  
Esther Kluwer
Keyword(s):  
Work And Family ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Work ◽  
New Information ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multiple Domains

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how work and family aspirations relate to occupational achievements and gender differences herein. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from 2009 the authors examined the relationship between career and childrearing aspirations and occupational achievements of Dutch parents. Using path modeling in Mplus, the authors investigated both direct and indirect pathways where aspirations were related to occupational achievements via time allocations. Findings – The authors found that ranking being promoted instead of a non-career aspiration as the most important job aspiration was positively related to occupational achievements. Surprisingly, the authors also found that ranking childrearing as the most important life role aspiration was positively related to earnings among fathers. Research limitations/implications – Investigating aspirations in multiple domains simultaneously can provide new information on working parents’ occupational achievements. Practical implications – The results imply that parents who want to achieve an authority position or high earnings may need to prioritize their promotion aspiration among their job aspirations in order to increase the likelihood of achieving such a position. Moreover, this is likely to require sacrifices outside the work domain, since spending more time on paid work is an important way to achieve this aspiration. Originality/value – This paper adds to previous research by explicitly taking life role aspirations into account instead of focussing solely on job aspirations. Moreover, this study extends previous research by investigating indirect pathways from aspirations to occupational achievements via family work in addition to the previously found pathway via paid work.

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