scholarly journals Asian IP Law: An Area of Rising Importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Kung-Chung Liu ◽  
Shufeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Standard Essential Patents ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
Ip Law

Abstract Intellectual property (IP) laws are an important instrument for promoting cooperation and peace in Asia. In their own ways, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, China and India all serve as IP success stories. Structural features of the IP landscape in major Asian jurisdictions include the following: technocrat-driven IP law, national IP strategies and specialized IP or patent judges. In addition, there are five distinctively Asian developments worth noticing: the sweeping criminalization of copyright infringement, an explosion in the number of registered trademarks, the very limited use of compulsory patent licensing and the convergence on certain standards for the licensing of standard essential patents (SEPs). On the other hand, it is notable that an open-ended and general fair use clause has had a mixed reception in Asian copyright and trademark law. Finding ways to enhance cooperation across Asia, steering IP regimes through trade deals and free trade agreements (FTAs), envisioning a fairer (or at least more functional) mechanism for paying creators, and improving the quality and performance of IP or patent judges are among the important issues that need addressing in the continuing effort to leverage IP laws as a tool for prosperity and peace in Asia.

Wage-setting practices in the metalworking sector in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1463
Author(s):  
Daphne Nicolitsas
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Information ◽  
And Performance

PurposeThe paper aims to link product market features in the Greek metal processing sector to the wage-setting practices followed therein.Design/methodology/approachAggregate business structural statistics are used to document the product market structure features while information from a rich sectoral collective agreement database, covering a number of sectors of the Greek economy, is used for the wage-setting practices. The approach is, in general, descriptive and discursive with the use of some regression analysis.FindingsThe main findings of the paper include: first, the metal sector as a whole is heterogeneous in terms of its structural/productive features; second, the type of collective agreements followed in the subsectors of the metal sector appear related to the structural features of the subsectors; third, negotiated wages appear binding for subsectors facing less product market competition; and finally, the ability to opt out of the sectoral agreement and sign firm-level agreements during the recent crisis in Greece was used mainly by firms suffering accounting losses.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results are limited by the absence of detailed firm-level information both on the actual wages paid and on the exact industrial relations practices in the workplace.Originality/valueIn view of the changes taking place in industrial relations in general and collective bargaining in particular, the issue of the homogeneity – in terms of structure and performance – of individual sectors, sets the question of whether one size (agreement) fits all and consequently whether extensions of agreements to whole sectors are advisable. This is the spirit in which the paper is written. The originality is linked both to the issue addressed but also to the use of the detailed collective labour agreements information and its association with product market features.

scholarly journals The effect of ensemble and solo performance on affective experiences induced by music

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Labbé ◽  
Donald Glowinski ◽  
Didier Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Solo Performance ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Texture

Scherer and Zentner (2001) propose that affective experiences might be the product of a multiplicative function between structural, performance, listener, and contextual related features. Yet research on the effects of structure, and particularly texture, has mostly focused on perceived emotions. We therefore sought to test the effects of structural features on subjective musical experiences in a listening study by manipulating the performance, solo versus ensemble, of five segments of a piece for string quartet, while also exploring the impact of listener features such as musical training, listening habits and stable dispositions such as empathy. We found that participants ( N = 144, 78% female; Mage = 22.74 years, SD = 5.13) felt like moving more (ME) and perceived their physiological rhythms change more (VE) during ensemble compared to solo conditions. Moreover, ME significantly predicted positive emotions, such as Wonder and Power, while VE significantly predicted both positive and negative emotions, such as Tension and Nostalgia. We also found direct main and interaction effects of both segment and performance factors on all four emotion models. We believe these results support Scherer and Zentner’s model and show the importance of considering the interaction between compositional and instrumental texture when studying music-induced emotions.

Correlations between linguistic change and linguistic performance among heritage speakers of Danish in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Heegård Petersen ◽  
Gert Foget Hansen ◽  
Jacob Thøgersen
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Heritage Language Speakers

Abstract The article addresses the issue of an assumed correlation between heritage language speakers’ linguistic system and their fluency. Previous research has shown that heritage language speakers who have grammatical patterns that are divergent from the language spoken in the homeland also have lexical retrieval problems and speak with a slower speech rate. We approach the issue by examining two linguistic features and 11 different fluency features (‘structural’ and ‘performance features’) of 10 speakers of Argentine Heritage Danish. A factor analysis shows that the 11 performance features can be reduced to 2 factors that characterize the speakers ‘lexical retrieval’ and ‘fluency’. A correlation analysis with the two structural features, weakening of a phonological contrast between /oː/ and /ɔː/ and simplification of the gender system, shows that there are no correlations at all between these two measures of the speakers’ language production, in contrast to what previous research has found.

scholarly journals Investigation of the classification and properties of three-dimensional textile fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988996
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Pingze Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Three-dimensional textile fabrics are used as the reinforcing phase of the textile structural composites, and their geometry affect the physical and mechanical properties of composites. Based on the curvature and directions of the fiber tows in three-dimensional textile fabrics, four representative geometric units are proposed, namely, the orthogonal geometric unit, the curved geometric unit, the skew geometric unit, and the uniform distribution unit, respectively. Other units are the combinations or derivations of these representative geometric units. The relationship and performance characteristics of these representative geometric units are discussed in section “The relationship of RGUs.” The structural features of three-dimensional textile fabrics are illustrated on the mesoscopic scale, and the models are established to predict the geometric properties. The concepts of fabrics with stable structure, flexible structure, elastoplastic structure, and uniform structure are proposed. The fiber volume fractions and elastic characteristics of different structural fabrics are discussed. The classification of three-dimensional textile fabrics is conducive to investigate the relationship between geometry and property, forming a technical system and providing a theoretical basis for the selection of three-dimensional structural textile composites with different performance.

XY Stage Capable of Positioning in Submicron Order

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Goto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Spherical Lens ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Precision Measuring ◽  
Positioning Stage ◽  
Guide System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

With the progress in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, precision positioning technology has become more and more important. Such technology is indispensable for the positioning operation between the mask and the wafer in super LSI production, precision processing of optical parts such as the non-spherical lens, and in precision measuring instruments such as the scanning tunneling microscope, etc. These devices require positioning accuracy in the order of submicrons (0 .1μm) or subsubmicrons (0.0lμm). To achieve such accuracy, various devices have been made for mechanism and control. The author and others have developed two kinds of positioning stage, an XY stage of a externally pressurized bearing guide system driven by a DC linear motor, and an XY stage of an elastic hinge spring guide system driven by a piezoelectric actuator and we have achieved positioning accuracy of 0.1 to 0.01µm. These two kinds of XY stages will be described below as examples with a description of the structural features and performance as well as the important points of their configuration.

Brexit will be damaging for UK-EU services trade

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Services Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
The Eu

Significance Even if it succeeds, this will have a greater disruptive impact on the trade in services than goods, because the EU’s single market enables greater cross-border services trade than is typical of other free trade agreements (FTAs). This is likely to cut the volume of EU-UK services trade, in which the United Kingdom currently enjoys a substantial surplus. Impacts The United Kingdom’s departure from the EU will diminish its appeal for multinationals over the next few years, at least. The new UK immigration system could result in staff shortages in low-skilled services sectors. The imperative of tackling COVID-19 will likely delay the conclusion of new trade deals with non-EU countries.

scholarly journals Relevant SMS Spam Feature Selection Using Wrapper Approach and XGBoost Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Diyari Jalal Mussa ◽  
Noor Ghazi M. Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Wrapper Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sequential Forward Selection ◽  
Selection Algorithms

In recent years with the widely usage of mobile devices, the problem of SMS Spam increased dramatically. Receiving those undesired messages continuously can cause frustration to users. And sometimes it can be harmful, by sending SMS messages containing fake web pages in order to steal users’ confidential information. Besides spasm number of hazardous actions, there is a limited number of spam filtering software. According to this paper, XGBoost algorithm used for handling SMS spam detection problem. Number of structural features was collected from previous studies. 15 structural features were extracted from Tiago’s dataset, which is the most frequently used dataset by researchers. For selecting the optimal relevant features, two different types of wrapper feature selection algorithms were used in order to reduce and select best relevant features. The accuracy and performance obtained by the selected features via sequential backward selection method was better comparing to sequential forward selection method. The extracted nine optimal features can be a good representation of a spam SMS message. Additionally, the classification accuracy obtained by the proposed method using nine optimal features with XGBoost algorithm is 98.64 using 10-fold cross validation.

Migration, Trade and Remittances: Low- and High-Skilled Workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
International Trade ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
National Borders ◽  
At Home

International migration involves the movement of people over national borders, while international trade deals with the production of goods or services in one country and their consumption in another. Economic theory assumes that migration and trade are substitutes, so that freer trade between countries with different wage levels should reduce voluntary migration as trade leads to convergence in wages. However, free-trade agreements can produce a migration hump as the pace of change accelerates and economies adjust, as migration increases before investment creates enough jobs to generate stay-at-home development despite remittances from migrants abroad. Efforts to deal with the root causes of migration must be aware of potential migration humps.

Structure and Performance Characteristics of Curved Box Girders with Corrugated Steel Webs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangjian Wang ◽  
Peiwei Zhang ◽  
Jinxiang Chen ◽  
Man Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Engineering Economics ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Shear Buckling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

<p>Many advantages of curved box girders with corrugated steel webs (CSWs) are given in this paper, they have a lot of advantages such as light weight, high efficiency, engineering economics, assembly construction and aesthetic appearance. This type of structure combines steel and concrete materi- als properly, which improves the structural strength, stability and utilization efficiency of materials, and can effectively resist earthquakes, and realize assembly. The unique structural features of CSWs in curved box girders are pointed out, that is, the difference between the inside and outside folded angles. Based on cosine theorem and sum of angles, formulas of two different angles are proposed. Moreover, mechanics characteristics are given, which include three types of shear buckling modes, section distortion and longitudinal warping. Thus, the design of CSWs dimensions can be carried out through the buckling of CSWs in curved box girders, and the arrangement of intermediate dia- phragms of curved box girders with CSWs should be considered. Additionally, the transverse char- acteristics regularities of curved box girders with CSWs under different cases and different radius of curvature are obtained, respectively. Among them, two kinds of cases are the most unfavorable.</p>

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