15. Critical criminology—part 1

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
Crime And Deviance ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
And Control

This chapter examines a range of criminological perspectives which are collectively known as critical criminology, with particular emphasis on labelling perspectives, Marxist inspired critical theories, and feminist perspectives. It begins with an overview of the four main ideas of positivism (in either its biological, psychological, or sociological forms): determinism, scientism, consensus, and treatment/rehabilitation. It then considers the philosophical and political arguments that underpin critical criminologies, along with the different foundational strands within critical criminology. It also discusses the importance of the ideas of social construction, power and power relations to critical criminology, as well as the problems of ‘deviance’ and its interpretation and control. Finally, it explores the development of critical criminology in Britain, the rise of the ‘new’ criminology, Taylor et al's (1973) notion of a ‘fully social theory’ of crime and deviance, and the issue of violence in relation to gender.

18. Critical criminology

2021 ◽  
pp. 561-589
Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Cultural Criminology ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
Convict Criminology ◽  
Control Behaviour

This chapter investigates critical criminology. The strands that are widely regarded as most important in the development of critical criminology are labelling perspectives, Marxist-inspired critical theories, power perspectives, and feminist perspectives. The ideas and insights contained within these theories inspired and prepared the ground for more recent developments in the field, including cultural criminology and convict criminology. Critical criminology not only suggests that we make small alterations to criminal justice systems; instead, it requires us to question everything we think we ‘know’ about these systems and the societies and communities in which we live. It questions how and why we control behaviour, looks at power from the perspective of the oppressed or the powerless, and suggests alternative narratives that should be part of our accepted knowledge base.

scholarly journals O "coletivo'' como estratégia territorial dos cativos

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Freitas Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
The Real ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Brazilian Studies

Este artigo analisa o ordenamento terriorial configurado pelo "coletivo" dos detentos nos presídios e penitenciárias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa proposta vem incorporar-se ao conjunto de estudos brasileiros sobre a pena privativa de liberdade e sobre as funções reais e simbólicas por ela desempenhadas. Sob a orientação da Geografia critica e de um conjunto de tendências interdisciplinares, no bojo da "criminologia crítica", examinamos o "coletivo" como estratégia de ação temtorial dos presos, ampliando a discussão sobre a luta do poder político nas prisões e valorizando o papel do domínio dos territórios e das territorialidades referentes ao espaço prisional. Nosso testemunho sobre o "coletivo" se ampara nas considerações conceituais do território e da territorialidade e seus vínculos com as relações de poder, observando as implicações que a formação territorial do "coletivo" institui na "sociedade dos cativos", bem como nas particularidades político-jurídicas e sócio-culturais que envolvem o poder, a disciplina, a vigilância, os saberes e o controle, além das alusões desdobradas, contraditórias e supervalorizadas do sistema prisional. Abstract This article analyses the territorial organization shaped by the "collective" of the detainees in prisons of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our proposal comes to be incorporated to the set of Brazilian studies on the private feather of freedom and to the real and symbolic functions that are fulfilled by it. Under the approach of Critical Geography and a set of interdisciplinary tendencies in the area of "critical criminology", we examine the "collective" like strategy of territorial action of the prisoners, enlarging the discussion on the struggle of the political power in prisons and valuing its role, concerning to territories and territorialities referring to the prison space. Our testimony about the "collective" is supported by conceptual considerations about territory andterritoriality and its bonds with the power relations, observing the implications that territorial formation of the "collective" establishes in the "society of the captives", in the legal-political and socio-cultural specificities that wrap power, discipline, vigilance, knowledge and control, besides the unfolded, contradictory and supervaiued allusions of the prison system.  

O "coletivo'' como estratégia territorial dos cativos

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Freitas Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
The Real ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Brazilian Studies

Este artigo analisa o ordenamento terriorial configurado pelo "coletivo" dos detentos nos presídios e penitenciárias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa proposta vem incorporar-se ao conjunto de estudos brasileiros sobre a pena privativa de liberdade e sobre as funções reais e simbólicas por ela desempenhadas. Sob a orientação da Geografia critica e de um conjunto de tendências interdisciplinares, no bojo da "criminologia crítica", examinamos o "coletivo" como estratégia de ação temtorial dos presos, ampliando a discussão sobre a luta do poder político nas prisões e valorizando o papel do domínio dos territórios e das territorialidades referentes ao espaço prisional. Nosso testemunho sobre o "coletivo" se ampara nas considerações conceituais do território e da territorialidade e seus vínculos com as relações de poder, observando as implicações que a formação territorial do "coletivo" institui na "sociedade dos cativos", bem como nas particularidades político-jurídicas e sócio-culturais que envolvem o poder, a disciplina, a vigilância, os saberes e o controle, além das alusões desdobradas, contraditórias e supervalorizadas do sistema prisional. Abstract This article analyses the territorial organization shaped by the "collective" of the detainees in prisons of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our proposal comes to be incorporated to the set of Brazilian studies on the private feather of freedom and to the real and symbolic functions that are fulfilled by it. Under the approach of Critical Geography and a set of interdisciplinary tendencies in the area of "critical criminology", we examine the "collective" like strategy of territorial action of the prisoners, enlarging the discussion on the struggle of the political power in prisons and valuing its role, concerning to territories and territorialities referring to the prison space. Our testimony about the "collective" is supported by conceptual considerations about territory andterritoriality and its bonds with the power relations, observing the implications that territorial formation of the "collective" establishes in the "society of the captives", in the legal-political and socio-cultural specificities that wrap power, discipline, vigilance, knowledge and control, besides the unfolded, contradictory and supervaiued allusions of the prison system.  

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

The Problem of Energy

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Urry
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Growth

Energy forms and their extensive scale are remarkably significant for the ways that societies are organized. This article shows the importance of how societies are ‘energized’ and especially the global growth of ‘fossil fuel societies’. Much social thought remains oblivious to the energy revolution realized over the past two to three centuries which set the ‘West’ onto a distinct trajectory. Energy is troubling for social thought because different energy systems with their ‘lock-ins’ are not subject to simple human intervention and control. Analyses are provided here of different fossil fuel societies, of coal and oil, with the latter enabling the liquid, mobilized 20th century. Consideration is paid to the possibilities of reducing fossil fuel dependence but it is shown how unlikely such a ‘powering down’ will be. The author demonstrates how energy is a massive problem for social theory and for 21st-century societies. Developing post-carbon theory and especially practice is far away but is especially urgent.

The Vision of Foundations of Social Theory

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
Trust Law

AbstractModern society has undergone a fundamental change to a society built around purposively established organizations. Social theory in this context can be a guide to social construction. Foundations of Social Theory is dedicated to this aim. Being oriented towards the design of social institutions it has to choose a voluntaristic, purposive theory of action and must make the behavior of social systems explainable in terms of the combination of individual actions. It has to deal with the emergence and maintenance of norms and rights, the concepts of authority, trust, law and legitimacy, the viability of organizations and the efficiency of social systems. But more important than the specific points is the vision of a new role for social theory in an increasingly constructed social environment. This vision is the motivation behind Foundations of Social Theory.

scholarly journals The Public Employee Facing Unconstitutional Policies: Organization, State, Power, Stability and Social Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Gusso
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Control Agency ◽  
Public Employee ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control

This article highlights the duty of the public employee to oppose any government policy that goes against constitutional principles and objectives. The defence of this position is made from an organizational analysis of the State. Theoretical contributions such as the understanding of State and Domination in M. Weber, Organization in D. Katz and R.L. Khan, and Control Agency in B.F. Skinner have been used. The analysis of contingencies that control the behavior of the public employee and the understanding of the notions of State and Organizations enable greater clarity about what constitutes the role of workers in the public sector. It also highlights the importance of existing mechanisms to reduce the imbalance in power relations between governors, servants and the population.

The White Lady Travels: Narrating Fez and Spacing Colonial Authority in Edith Wharton's In Morocco

Hawwa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lhoussain Simour
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
And Control

AbstractForegrounding Orientalism as a system of thought that has produced constructed images and disfigured discourses about Europe's Other, this paper is primarily concerned with the practice of delineating landscape and manipulating the space of Fez in Edith Wharton's In Morocco. It starts with a rereading of Edward Said's model of analysis and then moves to an investigation into how this travel narrative displays, vulgarizes, and reproduces one of the strategies characteristic of colonial discourse: the mapping of the colonial space, specifically through the inscription of self and Other power relations, fueled up by a will to knowledge and control over new territories. It also attempts to read Wharton's narrative against Sara Mills' argument, which claims that it is gender rather than genre that is at the genesis of colonial heterogeneity.

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