Replication and Reproducibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Basic Distinction

This chapter focuses on replication and reproducibility. A single observation cannot be trusted. Similarly, findings from a single experimental investigation may reflect some regularity but they may also be due to chance, artefacts, or misinterpretations. Therefore, it is necessary to repeat the respective research procedure in order to validate the observations from the first study. Such a repetition is called replication. It is a very basic methodological tool that serves to transform an observation into a piece of validated knowledge. An observation or relationship that is found repeatedly and is also found under various scope conditions fulfils the important scientific criteria of reproducibility. There are different types of replications. The most basic distinction is between a narrow-bounded notion of replication termed direct replication and a wider notion of replication termed conceptual replication.

Experimental Investigation of Input Device Suitability for CAD Operations

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudheer Bayanker ◽  
Joshua D. Summers ◽  
Anand K. Gramopadhye
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aided Design

This paper presents an experimental investigation into input suitability for human-computer interaction during computer aided design operations. Specifically, three types of operations, synthesis, interrogation, and modification, are examined with respect to three different types of user interfaces, mouse, direct tablet, and indirect tablet. The study, using undergraduate student participants in an introductory engineering graphics course, demonstrates that the mouse performs the highest across the dimensions of completion time and number of errors. However, the direct tablet, using a pen like device directly on the visualization screen, shows promise.

An experimental investigation of the role of different types of iconic gesture in communication

Gesture ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Beattie ◽  
Heather Shovelton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Original Story ◽  
The Relationship

Respondents, who had either seen or not seen a sample of the iconic gestures that encoders produce when narrating a story, answered questions about the original story and it was found that the overall accuracy score for respondents who saw the iconic gestures in addition to hearing the speech was 56.8% compared to 48.6% for speech only. This was a highly reliable effect and suggests that iconic gestures are indeed communicative. Character viewpoint gestures were also significantly more communicative than observer viewpoint gestures particularly about the semantic feature relative position, but the observer viewpoint gestures were effective at communicating information, particularly about the semantic features speed and shape. There were no significant correlations between the amount of information that gestures added to speech and the amount they conveyed in its absence, which suggests that the relationship between speech and gesture is not fixed but variable. The implications of this research for our fundamental conception of iconic gestures are considered.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Ethanol-Petrol Blends Operating with a Petrol Engine: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Nazrul Atan ◽  
Azizul Mokhtar ◽  
Najib Rahman ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Petroleum Price ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Performance And Emissions

The use of biopetrol fuel as alternative fuels in gasoline engine has been around for many years and Ethanol-petrol has the potential to be used as alternative fuel that can reduce the total CO2emission from internal petrol engine. However, the changes of bio-petrol is a very complex and need further understanding for researchers due to the relevance of the increase in the petroleum price and the future environmental regulation. This review paper focuses to ascertain a new approach in potential on ethanol-petrol blends operating with a petrol engine especially the effects of ethanol gas petrol blending ratio and variant types of ethanol on performance and emissions of petrol engine. It is shown that the variant in biopetrol blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. This paper presents on a review on three different types of ethanol like sugar cane, wheat and corn with various blended rates. Investigation framework study on how to complete the research is also included in this paper.Keywords: biopetrol, petrol engine, performance, emissions, biopetrol fuel properties

Experimental investigation of ice nucleation by different types of aerosols in the aerosol chamber AIDA: implications to microphysics of cirrus clouds

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mangold ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
Harald Saathoff ◽  
Ulrich Schurath ◽  
Carsten Giesemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerosol Chamber

Experimental Investigation of Convective Cells Generated by Side Walls in Solar Ponds Using Various Salts

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Jubran ◽  
J. A. Iweida ◽  
N. M. Haimour
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Convective Cells

This paper reports an experimental investigation to study the effect of various parameters that might affect the generation of convective cells in solar ponds with sloping walls. The parameters studied include the variation of the angles of the walls, types of salt used, and the surface roughness of the sloping wall. Four angles were used: 90, 60, 45 and 30, as well as four different types of salts: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium Sulphate, and carnalite. It was found that increasing the sloping angle of the heated wall of the pond tends to decrease the activity of the convective cells. Furthermore, the growth rate of the convective cells is very much dependent on the type of salt. The results indicate that carnalite and ammonium sulphate tend to have low growth rates of convective cells compared with sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Finally, the surface roughness of the heated wall tends to reduce the activity of the convective cells.

scholarly journals Aquaponics for Food Production in Different Growing Beds

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6103-6106
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coconut Coir ◽  
Fish Tank ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Soil is the most preferred medium for growth of vegetation worldwide.An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the efficiency of a system to grow plants without the presence of soil called aquaponics .Aquaponics is the process of growing plants and fish and it is combination of hydroponics combined with aquaculture. Water from an aquaculture which is filled with nutrients is transferred to hydroponic system which is used by the plants as nutrient supplements and then the water is recycled back to the fish tank. Ammonia in fish waste will be broken down by bacteria which will be converted into nitrites and then to nitrates. Nitrates thus produced can be used as a natural fertilizer to grow plants.Two different types of aqua phonic grow mediumsuch as clay pebbles and coconut coir pith experimented and compared for two different crops usingaquaphonic technique.

scholarly journals A matrix for museological diagnostics and planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Manuelina Maria Duarte Cândido ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Significant Attention

The article presents a theoretical discussion that provides support for the development of a methodological tool to assess and plan the activities of museums or musealisation processes. According to the author, a matrix for museological diagnostics, planning and management should be used to create or renovate small or large, conventional or unconventional museums. This work is the result of PhD research that produced a book already in its third edition in Brazil. For the creation of the matrix, an attempt was made to identify the common aspects among different types and museum models. The proposed concept includes a theoretical and conceptual discussion, as well as the establishment of a museological structure or tool to justify work in this field. These aspects will be discussed in this article, as well as the details of their contributions to applied research in museology and to the qualification of museums. The matrix resulting from this research can be used to not only carry out museological diagnostics or institutional evaluations of existing museums, but also as a reference framework for the creation of new museums and for musealization processes. In the article, significant attention is given to clarifying the use of the terms used in the matrix in order to allow its interpretation and application in a variety of cases based on precise museological thought. Thus, theory and practice are concerned with understanding and using this matrix for museological diagnostics and planning.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation into Pull-Out Strength of Foamed Concrete Using Different Types of Screw

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Othuman Mydin ◽  
N. Noordin ◽  
Z. Matori ◽  
N. Md Sani ◽  
N.F. Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Pull Out Strength

African Voices Echoing in European Texts: The Muffled Meanings of the Madzimbabwe of the Mocaranga between the Sixteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Gai Roufe ◽  
Joseph C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Original Information

AbstractThe present article contributes to understanding of the Zimbabwe political institution of the southern portion of the Zambesi Valley based on the conceptualization of its population, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. We reconstruct the local perceptions of this institution by detecting information provided by local persons as recounted in Portuguese ethnographic documents. The original information underwent different types and degrees of translation and editing to reach the forms recorded in these documents. We present a critical process of recovering local voices, ideologies, and conceptualizations from written literal translations of excerpts of oral statements that can serve as a valuable methodological tool in expanding our understanding of the history of early African politics.

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