E. H. Carr, Chatham House and Nationalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Michael Cox
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Study Group ◽  
World War ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

Abstract A great deal has been written about the intellectual sources of E. H. Carr's most famous book in International Relations, The twenty years’ crisis, published on the eve of the Second World War. However, very little attention has been paid to the contribution which Chatham House made to the book after having appointed Carr to chair a study group on ‘Nationalism’ in 1936. The volume which appeared three years later was not the most scintillating of studies, bearing as it did all the hallmarks of having been composed by a committee whose members held sharply differing views. On the other hand, the deep research that went into the volume (published in 1939 under the somewhat unimaginative title of Nationalism) contributed in significant ways—as Carr himself confessed at the time—to informing his ideas about the critical role played by nationalism and the nation-state in the crisis of the inter-war system. As this review essay shows, Carr's long journey towards rethinking world order began in Paris in 1919, as he grappled with the problem posed by nationalism in central and eastern Europe; continued through the 1930s with further work on the subject; and reached a resolution in his own work with the appearance of The twenty years’ crisis, followed in 1945 with the publication of his best-selling volume, Nationalism and after.

‘Where are we going?’ International Relations and the voice from below

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER HILL
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Second World

They tell us that the Pharoahs built the pyramids. Well, the Pharoahs didn't lift their little fingers. The pyramids were built by thousands of anonymous slaves . . . and it's the same thing for the Second World War. There were masses of books on the subject. But what was the war like for those who lived it, who fought? I want to hear their stories.Writing about international relations is in part a history of writing about the people. The subject sprang from a desire to prevent the horrors of the Great War once again being visited upon the masses and since then some of its main themes have been international cooperation, decolonisation, poverty and development, and more recently issues of gender.

scholarly journals GEOPOLITICS AND EMPIRE: VISIONS OF REGIONAL WORLD ORDER IN THE 1940S

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
OR ROSENBOIM
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Political Space ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

This essay examines the influence of geopolitical and imperial thought on theories of international relations in the United States. The paper assesses the thought of Owen Lattimore, a leading American sinologist and political adviser to F. D. Roosevelt and Chiang Kai-shek, and Nicholas John Spykman, an influential international-relations scholar at Yale. In the framework of the Second World War and the “air age”, they envisaged a tripolar world order that entailed a new conception of political space and international relations. Lattimore's global geopolitical order sought to replace imperialism with democracy, while Spykman employed geopolitical concepts to envisage a tripolar order of “balanced powers” which built upon—rather than rejected—existing imperial structures. This paper examines their international theories and the policy implications of their thought to claim that 1940s theoretical interdisciplinarity made an important contribution to the development of the discipline of international relations in the United States.

J. A. Hobson and Idealism In International relations

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Long
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Year ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

J. A. Hobson died on April Fools’ Day in the first year of the Second World War. This, and a whimsical anecdote from A. J. P. Taylor, might appear to be enough to justify the portrayal of Hobson as an idealist. This paper critically assesses the work of J. A. Hobson and its relation to idealism as a category of international relations thought. An examination of Hobson’s writings on international relations shows that there are three distinct strands of thought, three modes of idealism. These modes of idealist thought differ on fundamental propositions about international relations as well as in their prescriptions for a reformed world order. In short, consideration of Hobson’s work destabilizes the monolithic category of idealism in international relations. Put another way, idealism blurs important distinctions in Hobson’s work.

scholarly journals Victorious powers and Spain in the post-war world order

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Elena Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
New System

The article deals with the foreign policy and domestic policy of Spain in the first years after the end of the Second World War. The author analyzes the relationships between the Francoist Spain and the USA, England, France and the USSR during the difficult period of entry of the country into the new system of the international relations.

Outlawing war is not enough to promote international peace: The ambivalence of liberal interventionism

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA GEIS
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
International Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Second World

Abstract:Why has interstate war declined and why do states refrain from territorial conquests in the post-Second World War order? The 1928 Peace Pact cannot account for these remarkable developments. This article argues that outlawing war is not enough to promote international peace. International Relations debates on the influence of weapons of mass destruction, democratic regime types and political cultures on interstate behaviour provide further important insights into the delegitimation of certain types of war. Since the 1990s, a changing character of war and warfare has emerged that is especially promoted by democratic states. How democratic states have justified their military use of force and how they have conducted their military interventions has a strong and ambivalent impact on the liberal world order.

scholarly journals Corporatisme paradigmatique, théories déontologiques et nouvel ordre mondial

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Gerd Giesen
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
World War ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

This article begins by pointing out the discrepancy between, on the one hand, a certain political discourse which refers to a so-called New World Order in highly moralistic terms and, on the other hand, brute facts which attest to the contrary (resurgence of violent regional conflicts, atomization of global structures). It then examines the possibilities for analysing this discrepancy from a critical perspective centered on ethical norms. This leads the author to review the principal ethical approaches elaborated within the study of international relations since the Second World War. Emphasis is put on a major epistemological cleavage between academic disciplines, perhaps the most important demarcation in ethical theory : the one separating deontological from non-deontological theories. The systematic rejection or marginalization of deontology by the « discipline » of International Relations can be explained in terms of objective cognitive interests which have established, paradigmatically a genuine spirit of corporatism within the discipline. This article endeavors to explain such corporatism with a view to helping start a truly pluridisciplinary debate on ethics in the post-cold-war era

scholarly journals Promouvoir et jouer au football pendant la guerre: La Fédération Internationale de Football Association, les forces de l’Axe et la Deuxième Guerre mondiale = Promocionando y jugando al fútbol durante la Guerra. La Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación, las potencias del Eje y la Segunda Guerra Mundial = Promoting and Playing football during the War. The International Federation of Association Football, the Axis Power and the Second World War

2019 ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Philippe Vonnard ◽  
Grégory Quin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Sport ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Second World

Resumen: Las repercusiones del aumento del totalitarismo en el período de entreguerras y, más precisamente, de la guerra en sí misma en el deporte internacional, ya han sido objeto de estudios detallados, en particular en torno al Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI), pero el fútbol -y en particular la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)- es también un excelente tema de análisis de este "punto de inflexión" en la historia del siglo XX. De hecho, las décadas de 1930 y 1940 fueron décadas clave para comprender los desafíos de la politización del fútbol, para resaltar cómo operaban los líderes deportivos en un contexto ambivalente, pero también para analizar la transformación de la gobernanza de una organización internacional entre los intentos de interferencia impulsados por las potencias del Eje y la "resistencia" orquestada por el secretario general. Así, este artículo pretende cuestionar y analizar la inversión de las potencias del Eje en torno a la FIFA, particularmente a la luz de su actividad continua durante la guerra, utilizando algunos archivos y documentos originales del centro de documentación de la FIFA.Palabras clave: Historia, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Políticas, FIFA, Relaciones Internacionales.Abstract: The repercussions of the rise of totalitarianism in the interwar period and more precisely of the war itself on international sport have already been the subject of detailed studies, particularly around the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but football - and in particular the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) - is also an excellent analyst of this "turning point" in the history of the 20th century. Indeed, the 1930s and 1940s were key decades to understand the challenges of the politicization of football, to highlight how sports leaders operate in an ambivalent context, but also to analyse the transformation of the governance of an international organization between the attempts of interference driven by Axis forces and the "resistance" orchestrated by Secretary General. Thus, this article aims to question and analyse the investment of Axis forces around FIFA, particularly in the light of its continued activity during the war, using some original archives and documents from the FIFA documentation center.Keywords: History, Second World War, Politics, FIFA, International Relations.

Hendrik Draye, tegenstander van de uitvoering van de doodstraf

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Luc Vandeweyer
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World ◽  
Young Professor

Hendrik Draye, opponent of the carrying out of the death penaltyIn this annotated and extensively contextualised source edition, Luc Vandeweyer deals with the period of repression after the Second World War. In June 1948, after the execution of two hundred collaboration-suspects in Belgium, the relatively young linguistics professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, Hendrik Draye, proposed, on humanitarian grounds, a Manifesto against the carrying out of the death penalty. Some colleagues, as well as some influential personalities outside the university, reacted positively; some colleagues were rather hesitant; most of them rejected the text. In the end, the initiative foundered because of the emphatic dissuasion by the head of university, who wanted to protect his university and, arguably, the young professor Draeye. The general public’s demand for revenge had not yet abated by then; moreover, the unstable government at that time planned a reorientation of the penal policy, which made a polarization undesirable. Nevertheless, Luc Vandeweyer concludes, "the opportunity for an important debate on the subject had been missed".

scholarly journals Limiting the executive power after the Second World War: the invention of administrative science

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232098559
Author(s):  
Céline Mavrot
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Order ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Administrative Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Administrative Science

This article analyses the emergence of administrative science in France in the wake of the Second World War. The birth of this discipline is examined through the history of its founders, a group of comparatist aiming at developing universal administrative principles. The post-war context prompted the creation of checks and balances against administrative power (through oversight of the legality of administrative action) and against the powers of nation states (through human rights and international organizations). Administrative science and comparative law were meant to rebuild international relations. The history of this discipline highlights a legal project to redefine the role and limits of executive power at the dawn of the construction of a new world order. Points for practitioners Looking at long-term developments in the science of administration helps to inform administrative practice by providing a historical and reflective perspective. This article shows how a new understanding of the administrative reality emerged after the fall of the totalitarian regimes of the first half of the 20th century. It highlights the different ways in which administrative power was controlled after the Second World War through greater oversight over administrative legality, the establishment of universal administrative principles and the proclamation of human rights. Questions of administrative legitimacy and the limitation of administrative power are still very much part of the daily practice of executive power, and represent a central aspect of administrative thinking.

scholarly journals Per Ravenna trecentesca: nuove proposte per l’assetto architettonico di Santa Maria in Porto Fuori

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Fabio Massaccesi
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

Abstract This contribution intends to draw attention to one of the most significant monuments of medieval Ravenna: the church of Santa Maria in Porto Fuori, which was destroyed during the Second World War. Until now, scholars have focused on the pictorial cycle known through photographs and attributed to the painter Pietro da Rimini. However, the architecture of the building has not been the subject of systematic studies. For the first time, this essay reconstructs the fourteenth-century architectural structure of the church, the apse of which was rebuilt by 1314. The data that led to the virtual restitution of the choir and the related rood screen are the basis for new reflections on the accesses to the apse area, on the pilgrimage flows, and on the view of the frescoes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document