Franchising and the EEC Competition Rules Regulation 4087/88. By V. Korah. (European Competition Law Monographs) [Oxford: ESC Publishing. 1989. xxiv + 160 pp. including appendices. ISBN 0-906214-57-2. £25·50]

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-518
Author(s):  
Alison Firth
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-414
Author(s):  
Alexandra P. Mikroulea

AbstractOpt-in or opt-out? That is the basic question to be answered. The decision to promote actions of “opt-in” type as opposed to those of the “opt-out” type, for the sake of private autonomy, does not ensure the effective application of european competition law. On the contrary, it may decrease the application’s intensity and effectiveness. Recent reforms among European state members such as in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway are powerful indications that the opt-out principle may result in the effective implementation of competition law. There is no doubt that a mixed system (hybrid system), providing the court with the power to decide in favour of either the opt-in or the opt-out system, will result in better implementation of competition law. At the present time there are two pending cases in England (Dorothy Gibson and Mastercard) for which the decision on opt-out or opt-in are highly anticipated. Should the court decide, in one or both of the cases, on an opt-out approach, this will bring a momentous reevaluation of the entire collective redress concept.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Camille Carbonnaux

Since the 1990s, European judicial and normative institutions have paid particular attention to the competitive practices of public undertakings. Consequently, their regime is governed by a significant number of rules pursuing objectives appearing, a priori, contradictory. In fact, public undertakings may experience difficulties in their management. In this context, an approach of public competition law through the prism of fair competition can be very useful. Regarding the uniformity of its judgment, fair competition appears as an objective capable of coordinating rules and overcoming their contradictions. It thereby offers a global and coherent reading plan of all the legal translations of the European competitive order being of some practical importance. In illuminating the common features of the different legal aspects of competition, we can easily switch from one to the other. It therefore makes the European approach to competition more accessible and understandable. Furthermore, and most importantly, it leads to identifying legal opportunities and threats in a cross-disciplinary way. So, from a “Law & Management” perspective, it appears to be a precious tool for the management of public undertakings. Key words: European competition law, public undertakings, fair competition, “Management & law”.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Hanna Stakheyeva ◽  
Ertugrul Canbolat

In 2016, the Turkish Competition Authority (hereinafter, TCA) published the Cement Sector Inquiry Report (hereinafter, Cement Sector Report) following more than two years of market analysis. One of the reasons for conducting such a market inquiry was the fact that the implementation of competition rules and accuracy of the economic analysis by the TCA in cement cases were frequently criticized. In order to provide some guidance and have better understanding about the competitive dynamics of the cement market, the TCA initiated the inquiry in 2014. Another reason for the inquiry was the importance of the cement industry for the construction sector and the economy of Turkey, as well as numerous competition law concerns in this sector. The article provides an analysis of the substantive and procedural issues in the TCA activity in the cement sector in Turkey. Particular emphasis is placed on the assessment of the Cement Sector Report and common competition law violations in the sector in Turkey based on a review of the decisions of the TCA. Additionally, legal grounds for conducting sector inquiries in Turkey, as well as limits to and potential impact on the TCA’s powers to issue extensive compulsory information requests (in the light of the recent CJEU’s judgements in cement cartel cases) are discussed. Overall, the article provides the reader with a better understanding of the Turkish cement sector dynamics and most common anticompetitive practices there. In conclusion, it is argued that inspite of having a reputation of a “problematic sector”, the behaviour of cement producers and developments in the cement market in Turkey may be justified by economic reasons and the oligopolistic nature of this market.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Caterina Fratea

Digital technology has changed our markets to an extent last seen during the industrial revolution and electronic commerce has been growing steadily over the last decade. This paper intends to assess how the development of online sales has affected market strategies and the application of competition law, with a particular focus on the selective distribution agreements within the fashion industry. Secondly, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is analysed in order to show how certain new contractual clauses, that have become frequent in the digital commercial landscape, require competition rules to be read under a new lens. The final part is dedicated to the recent Geo-blocking Regulation which represents one the most significant measures within the Digital Single Market, highlighting both its coordination with antitrust provisions and its application when competition law does not apply.


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