scholarly journals Joint effect of diabetes and opiate use on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Golestan cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Nalini ◽  
Masoud Khoshnia ◽  
Farin Kamangar ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
Hossein Poustchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Many diabetic individuals use prescription and non-prescription opioids and opiates. We aimed to investigate the joint effect of diabetes and opiate use on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods Golestan Cohort study is a prospective population-based study in Iran. A total of 50 045 people—aged 40–75, 28 811 women, 8487 opiate users, 3548 diabetic patients—were followed during a median of 11.1 years, with over 99% success follow-up. Hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (HRs, 95% CIs), and preventable death attributable to each risk factor, were calculated. Results After 533 309 person-years, 7060 deaths occurred: 4178 (10.8%) of non-diabetic non-opiate users, 757 (25.3%) diabetic non-users, 1906 (24.0%) non-diabetic opiate users and 219 (39.8%) diabetic opiate users. Compared with non-diabetic non-users, HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 2.17 (2.00–2.35) in diabetic non-opiate users, 1.63 (1.53–1.74) in non-diabetic opiate users and 2.76 (2.40–3.17) in diabetic opiate users. Among those who both had diabetes and used opiates, 63.8% (95% CI: 58.3%–68.5%) of all deaths were attributable to these risk factors, compared with 53.9% (95% CI: 50%–57.4%) in people who only had diabetes and 38.7% (95% CI: 34.6%–42.5%) in non-diabetic opiate users. Diabetes was more strongly associated with cardiovascular than cancer mortality. The risk of early mortality in known cases of diabetes did not depend on whether they started opiate use before or after their diagnosis. Conclusions Using opiates is detrimental to the health of diabetic patients. Public awareness about the health effects of opiates, and improvement of diabetes care especially among individuals with or at risk of opiate use, are necessary.

scholarly journals Trends in Cardiometabolic and Cancer Multimorbidity Prevalence and Its Risk With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in U.S. Adults: Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Bo Xi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

Several prospective cohort studies have assessed the association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality, but the findings have been inconsistent. In addition, limited studies have assessed the association between multimorbidity and cause-specific mortality. In this study, we used the population based cohort study of National Health Interview Survey (1997–2014) with linkage to the National Death Index records to 31 December 2015 to examine the trends in prevalence of multimorbidity from 1997 to 2014, and its association with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the U.S. population. A total of 372,566 adults aged 30–84 years were included in this study. From 1997 to 2014, the age-standardized prevalence of specific chronic condition and multimorbidity increased significantly (P < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 50,309 of 372,566 participants died from all causes, of which 11,132 (22.1%) died from CVD and 13,170 (26.2%) died from cancer. Compared with participants without the above-mentioned chronic conditions, those with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 of chronic conditions had 1.41 (1.37–1.45), 1.94 (1.88–2.00), 2.64 (2.54–2.75), and 3.68 (3.46–3.91) higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for important covariates. Similarly, a higher risk of CVD-specific and cancer-specific mortality was observed as the number of chronic conditions increased, with the observed risk stronger for CVD-mortality compared with cancer-specific mortality. Given the prevalence of multimorbidity tended to increase from 1997 to 2014, our data suggest effective prevention and intervention programs are necessary to limit the increased mortality risk associated with multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among elderly patients with glaucoma: a nationwide population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeop Lee ◽  
Hun Lee ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Sol Ah Han ◽  
Yoon Jeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

AbstractThis population-based, retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Korean elderly patients with glaucoma. A total of 16210 elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) diagnosed with glaucoma between 2003 and 2012 were included, and their insurance data were analyzed. The participants were categorized into a glaucoma surgery cohort (n = 487), which included individuals who had diagnostic codes for open angle glaucoma (OAG) or angle closure glaucoma (ACG) and codes for glaucoma surgery, and a glaucoma diagnosis cohort (n = 15,723), which included patients who had codes for OAG and ACG but not for glaucoma surgery. Sociodemographic factors, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and ocular comorbidities were included as covariates. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between glaucoma surgery and mortality. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 34.76/1,000 person-years and 27.88/1,000 person-years in the glaucoma surgery and diagnosis groups, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality associated with glaucoma surgery was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.62, P = 0.014). The adjusted HR for mortality due to a neurologic cause was significant (HR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.18–6.00, P = 0.018). The adjusted HRs for mortality due to cancer (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.07–3.83, P = 0.029) and accident or trauma (HR = 4.00, 95% CI 1.55–10.34, P = 0.004) associated with glaucoma surgery for ACG were significant as well. Glaucoma surgery was associated with an increase of mortality in elderly patients with glaucoma. In particular, the risk of mortality associated with glaucoma surgery due to neurologic causes was significant.

scholarly journals Acute cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with hyperthyroidism: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf M Dekkers ◽  
Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó ◽  
Suzanne C Cannegieter ◽  
Jan P Vandenbroucke ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Arterial Embolism ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objective Several studies have shown an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hyperthyroidism, but most studies have been too small to address the effect of hyperthyroidism on individual cardiovascular endpoints. Our main aim was to assess the association among hyperthyroidism, acute cardiovascular events and mortality. Design It is a nationwide population-based cohort study. Data were obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish National Patient Registry, which covers all Danish hospitals. We compared the rate of all-cause mortality as well as venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic and non-ischemic stroke, arterial embolism, atrial fibrillation (AF) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the two cohorts. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results The study included 85 856 hyperthyroid patients and 847 057 matched population-based controls. Mean follow-up time was 9.2 years. The HR for mortality was highest in the first 3 months after diagnosis of hyperthyroidism: 4.62, 95% CI: 4.40–4.85, and remained elevated during long-term follow-up (>3 years) (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.33–1.37). The risk for all examined cardiovascular events was increased, with the highest risk in the first 3 months after hyperthyroidism diagnosis. The 3-month post-diagnosis risk was highest for atrial fibrillation (HR: 7.32, 95% CI: 6.58–8.14) and arterial embolism (HR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.30–8.61), but the risks of VTE, AMI, ischemic and non-ischemic stroke and PCI were increased also 2- to 3-fold. Conclusions We found an increased risk for all-cause mortality and acute cardiovascular events in patients with hyperthyroidism.

scholarly journals The risk factors of COVID-19 in a longitudinal population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hozhabr Jamali Atergeleh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Emamian ◽  
Shahrbanoo Goli ◽  
Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

The present longitudinal study aims to investigate the risk factors for getting COVID-19 in a population aged 50 to 74 years. Data were collected from Shahroud Eye Cohort Study and the electronic system of COVID-19 in Shahroud, northeast Iran. Participants were followed for about 13 months and predisposing factors for COVID-19 infection were investigated using log binomial model and by calculation of relative risks. From the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Shahroud (February 20, 2020) to March 26, 2021, out of 4394 participants in the Eye Cohort Study, 271 (6.1%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction test on two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Risk factors for getting COVID-19 were included male gender (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.51; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), 1.15-1.99), BMI over 25 (RR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) and diabetes (RR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.67). Also, smoking (RR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93) and education (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98) had reverse associations. In conclusion men and diabetic patients and those who have BMI over 25, should be more alert to follow the health protocols related to COVID-19 and priority should be given to them considering COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Male childlessness as independent predictor of risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A population-based cohort study with more than 30 years follow-up

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0237422
Author(s):  
Angel Elenkov ◽  
Aleksander Giwercman ◽  
Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg ◽  
Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde ◽  
Clara Helene Glazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Excess of all-cause mortality after a fracture in type 2 diabetic patients: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martinez-Laguna ◽  
X. Nogues ◽  
B. Abrahamsen ◽  
C. Reyes ◽  
C. Carbonell-Abella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Mortality in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a population-based nationwide cohort study of Swedish twins

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037456
Author(s):  
Eivind Ness-Jensen ◽  
Giola Santoni ◽  
Eivind Gottlieb-Vedi ◽  
Anna Lindam ◽  
Nancy Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux ◽  
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

ObjectivesThe public health disorder gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is linked with several comorbidities, including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), but whether life expectancy is reduced by GORD is uncertain. This study assessed all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in GORD after controlling for confounding by heredity and other factors.DesignPopulation-based cohort study from 1998 to 2015.SettingSwedish nationwide study.ParticipantsTwins (n=40 961) born in 1958 or earlier in Sweden.ExposureGORD symptoms reported in structured computer-assisted telephone interviews.OutcomesThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality and the secondary outcome was cancer-specific mortality among twins with GORD and twins without GORD. HRs and 95% CIs were analysed using parametric survival models, both in individual twin analyses and co-twin pair analyses, with adjustment for body mass index, smoking, education and comorbidity.ResultsAmong 40 961 individual twins, 5812 (14.2%) had GORD at baseline and 8062 (19.7%) died during follow-up of up to 16 years. The risks of all-cause mortality (HR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.94–1.07) and cancer-specific mortality (HR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.89–1.10) were not increased in individual twins with GORD compared with individual twins without GORD. Similarly, there were no differences in mortality outcomes in within-pair analyses. The OAC-specific mortality rate was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.32–0.66) per 1000 person-years in individual twins with GORD and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.18–0.27) per 1000 person-years without GORD, rendering an adjusted HR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.35–2.98).ConclusionsGORD did not increase all-cause or cancer-specific mortality when taking heredity and other confounders into account. The increased relative risk of mortality in OAC was low in absolute numbers.

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