scholarly journals PS252. Effect of agmatine on behavioral changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 433-464
Author(s):  
Richard McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Nasal Administration ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Post Traumatic

Two especially valuable animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been developed, including brief exposure of laboratory rats to a predator (a cat) or its odor, and the single prolonged stress paradigm. In each of these models, laboratory animals are evaluated for behavioral changes several days to several weeks following the stressful experience and are compared to unstressed controls. In both of these models, stressed animals display behavioral changes consistent with a PTSD-like phenotype. Using these models, investigators have explored central and peripheral neural and endocrine changes associated with the onset of PTSD-like symptoms and approaches to prevent or block the effects of the traumatic stressor on behavioral changes. Two particularly effective treatments that have been described include administration of a protein synthesis inhibitor and intra-nasal administration of neuropeptide Y. Animal models also provide an opportunity to study transgenerational transmission of PTSD risk.

Naturalistic Comparison of Models of Programmatic Interventions for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forbes ◽  
Virginia Lewis ◽  
Ruth Parslow ◽  
Graeme Hawthorne ◽  
Mark Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a difficult-to-treat sequel of combat. Data on effectiveness of alternate treatment structures are important for planning veterans’ psychiatric services. The present study compared clinical presentations and treatment outcomes for Australian veterans with PTSD who participated in a range of models of group-based treatment. Method: Participants consisted of 4339 veterans with combat-related PTSD who participated in one of five types of group-based cognitive behavioural programmes of different intensities and settings. Data were gathered at baseline (intake), as well as at 3 and 9 month follow up, on measures of PTSD, anxiety, depression and alcohol misuse. Analyses of variance and effect size analyses were used to investigate differences at intake and over time by programme type. Results: Small baseline differences by programme intensity were identified. Although significant improvements in symptoms were evident over time for each programme type, no significant differences in outcome were evident between programmes. When PTSD severity was considered, veterans with severe PTSD performed less well in the low-intensity programmes than in the moderate- or high-intensity programmes. Veterans with mild PTSD improved less in high-intensity programmes than in moderate- or low-intensity programmes. Conclusion: Comparable outcomes are evident across programme types. Outcomes may be maximized when veterans participate in programme intensity types that match their level of PTSD severity. When such matching is not feasible, moderate-intensity programmes appear to offer the most consistent outcomes. For regionally based veterans, delivering treatment in their local environment does not detract from, and may even enhance, outcomes. These findings have implications for the planning and purchasing of mental health services for sufferers of PTSD, particularly for veterans of more recent combat or peacekeeping deployments.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for the course of post-traumatic stress disorder in frontline workers after the Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McBride ◽  
Nancy Porter ◽  
Kirsten Lovelock ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Maria Zubizaretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe risk and protective factors for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced over a 1.5-year period among both frontline and “non-traditional” responders to the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal survey administered to Christchurch workers with referents from the city of Hamilton at 6, 12 and 18 months after the 2011 earthquake. Potential risk and protective determinants were assessed by questionnaire items at baseline and over time, the outcome being PTSD as assessed by the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A longitudinal latent class analysis identified groups with similar trajectories of PTSD. Findings A total of 226 individuals, 140 (26 per cent) from Christchurch and 86 (16 per cent) from Hamilton, participated at baseline, 180 at 12 and 123 at 18 months, non-traditional responders forming the largest single group. Two latent classes emerged, with PTSD (21 per cent) and without PTSD (79 per cent), with little change over the 18-month period. Class membership was predicted by high scores in the Social Support and Impact of Events scale items, Health-related Quality of Life scores being protective. PTSD scores indicative of distress were found in females, and predicted by burnout risk, behavioural disengagement and venting. Practical implications Non-traditional responders should be screened for PTSD. Social support should be considered with the promotion of adaptive coping mechanisms. Originality/value The strength was longitudinal follow-up over an 18-month period, with demonstration of how the potential determinants influenced the course of PTSD over time.

scholarly journals Development of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness in Relation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories After Military Deployment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701880351
Author(s):  
Alieke Reijnen ◽  
Elbert Geuze ◽  
Rosalie Gorter ◽  
Eric Vermetten
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Background Personality traits, such as the character traits self-directedness and cooperativeness, might play a role in the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after deployment to a combat zone. However, it is unclear whether these traits are preexisting risk factors or if event-related changes might also be associated with PTSD symptoms over time. Therefore, the current aim was to assess if military deployment is associated with changes in cooperativeness and self-directedness and to study how these traits are related to PTSD symptom trajectories. Methods In a large cohort of military personnel (N = 1007), measurements were performed before, at one and six months, and two and five years after deployment to Afghanistan. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the individual change in the traits over time and to study the relation with potential predictors. Results Cooperativeness was found to remain stable, whereas self-directedness was found to slightly decrease over time. This decrease was related to the development of PTSD symptoms over time. Furthermore, lower levels of self-directedness were associated with the symptomatic trajectories of PTSD symptoms. Lower levels of cooperativeness were only associated with the recovered PTSD trajectory. Conclusions So, not only do the findings confirm that lower levels of these character traits are associated with the development of PTSD symptoms, it was also shown that there are differences in the relation between these traits and the course of PTSD symptoms. Studying methods to promote the levels of these character traits might help to improve the resiliency of military personnel.

Beneficial role of central anticholinergic agent in preventing the development of symptoms in mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Ravjot Kaur ◽  
Amteshwar Singh Jaggi ◽  
Anjana Bali
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractObjectivesThe present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of trihexyphenidyl, a central anticholinergic drug, in preventing the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a mouse model.MethodsMice were subjected to underwater trauma stress for 30 s on day 1 followed by three situational reminders (3rd, 7th and 14th day). Thereafter, the behavioral alterations including freezing behavior were noted on 21st day. The serum corticosterone levels were measured as a biochemical marker of trauma. Elevated plus maze test was done on day 1 and day 2 to assess the memory formation following exposure to trauma.ResultsTrauma and situational reminders were associated with a significant development of behavioral changes and freezing behavior on the 21st day. Moreover, there was also a significant decrease in the serum corticosterone levels. A single administration of trihexyphenidyl (2 and 5 mg/kg) significantly restored trauma associated-behavioral changes and serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, it significantly increased the transfer latency time on day 2 following stress exposure in comparison to normal mice suggesting the inhibition of memory formation during trauma exposure. Trihexyphenidyl also led to significant reduction in freezing behavior in response to situational reminders again suggesting the inhibition of formation of aversive fear memory.ConclusionThe blockade of central muscarinic receptors may block the formation of aversive memory during the traumatic event, which may be manifested in form of decreased contextual fear response during situational reminders. Central anticholinergic agents may be potentially useful as prophylactic agents in preventing the development of PTSD symptoms.

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