scholarly journals Beyond fecal microbiota transplantation: Developing drugs from the microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylaine Gerardin ◽  
Sonia Timberlake ◽  
Jessica R Allegretti ◽  
Mark B Smith ◽  
Zain Kassam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract The transfer of live gut microbes may transform patient care across a range of autoimmune, metabolic, hepatic and infectious diseases. One early approach, fecal microbiota transplantation, has shown promise in Clostridiodes difficile infection and the potential for improving clinical and public health outcomes for other antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These clinical successes have motivated the development of microbiome drugs, which will need to address challenges in safety, uniformity, and delivery while seeking to preserve the benefits of using whole microbiome communities as novel therapeutics and an innovative platform for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Donor Screening for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Han Hee Lee ◽  
Young-Seok Cho
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Donor Screening ◽  
Large Case Series ◽  
Large Case

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which has been established as the standard treatment for recurrent <i>Clostroides</i> difficile infection, may also play a role in the management of other diseases associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. To ensure efficacy and safety of FMT, an appropriate donor screening process is required. The main purpose of donor screening is to check for infectious diseases that could be transmitted to the recipient. The screening process involves a medical history questionnaire, and blood and stool testing. Several randomized clinical trials and large case series on FMT reported no, or few, adverse events related to infection by following this donor screening process. However, there is still concern over the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, a low donor acceptance rate due to rigorous screening makes donor recruitment difficult, and also imposes a significant cost burden. A consensus on the most crucial elements of donor screening is needed for wide application of FMT.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Jörg Londong ◽  
Marcus Barth ◽  
Heinrich Söbke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfamethoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic environment.

Water-soluble branched polymer for combined chemo-immunotherapy of bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Dai ◽  
Lele Yang ◽  
Qingqing Xu ◽  
Jifang Ma ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Bacterial infection is one of the most significant public health challenges due to the limited choices of antibiotics which can overcome antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The promising nonantibiotic therapeutic alternatives for antibiotic-resistant...

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