scholarly journals Comparison of Microneutralization and Histo-Blood Group Antigen–Blocking Assays for Functional Norovirus Antibody Detection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Atmar ◽  
Khalil Ettayebi ◽  
B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar ◽  
Frederick H Neill ◽  
Ralph P Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Human Noroviruses ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

Abstract Background The development of an in vitro cultivation system for human noroviruses allows the measurement of neutralizing antibody levels. Methods Serum neutralizing antibody levels were determined using a GII.4/Sydney/2012-like virus in human intestinal enteroids in samples collected before and 4 weeks after administration of an investigational norovirus vaccine and were compared with those measured in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)–blocking assays. Results Neutralizing antibody seroresponses were observed in 71% of 24 vaccinated adults, and antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < .001) with those measured by HBGA blocking. Conclusions HBGA-blocking antibodies are a surrogate for neutralization in human noroviruses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02475278.

Seasonal Tracking of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Expression and Norovirus Binding in Oyster Gastrointestinal Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1696-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG TIAN ◽  
ANNA L. ENGELBREKTSON ◽  
ROBERT E. MANDRELL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Crassostrea Sikamea ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Viral Receptors

Noroviruses (NORs) are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks. Outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of contaminated oysters and generally occur between the months of November and March, when oysters produce the highest levels of glycogen. Oyster glycogen has been proposed as playing a role in NOR accumulation. Recent research indicates that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) function as viral receptors on human gastrointestinal cells. In this study, oyster glycogen was tested to determine whether it contains HBGA-like molecules and whether it plays a role in NOR binding. The correlation between the amount of HBGA expression and NOR binding also was measured. We also tested whether seasonal changes affected HBGA expression and binding of recombinant NORs. The results indicate that recombinant NOR binding is highly correlated with HBGA expression in Virginica (Crassostrea virginica), Pacific (Crassostrea gigas), and Kumamato (Crassostrea sikamea) oysters, but the association does not have a seasonal pattern. No obvious trend in either HBGA expression or recombinant NOR binding by month was noted. A significant increase in recombinant NOR binding was observed in Virginica and Pacific oysters in a season not generally associated with NOR gastroenteritis outbreaks. A significant increase in HBGA expression also was observed for Pacific and Virginica oysters in the same season. Paradoxically, HBGA expression and NOR binding both were higher in oysters produced in the non–NOR gastroenteritis season (April through October) than in those produced in the NOR gastroenteritis season (November through March), suggesting that seasonal NOR gastroenteritis outbreaks are not associated with high levels of HBGA expression or NOR binding.

scholarly journals Histo-blood group antigen-binding specificities of human rotaviruses are associated with gastroenteritis but not with in vitro infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Barbé ◽  
Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye ◽  
Klara Echasserieau ◽  
Karine Bernardeau ◽  
Thomas Carton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Antigen Binding

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Clostridium septicum alpha toxoid

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Salvarani ◽  
Z.I.P. Lobato ◽  
R.A. Assis ◽  
C.G.R.D. Lima ◽  
R.O.S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Septicum ◽  
Vaccine Potency

Aiming to investigate in vitro alternatives, a test for neutralizing antibody detection using cell culture was developed. This test was more sensitive than previous animal models, allowing for detection of substantially lower alpha toxin and anti-alpha toxin titers. Titers observed during in vivo and in vitro seroneutralization had a correlation of 99.12%, indicating that cell culture is a viable alternative in the evaluation of vaccine potency, screening of vaccinal seeds, and Clostridium septicum alpha toxin titration.

scholarly journals Blood Group Antibody Levels in Hiroshima

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. HOLLINGSWORTH ◽  
HOWARD B. HAMILTON ◽  
GILBERT W. BEEBE ◽  
MITSURU YAMASAKI ◽  
Noboru Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Blood group antibody levels were measured in 526 irradiated survivors of the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima and in 516 nonirradiated subjects. The study was undertaken in order to determine the age changes in antibody levels in irradiated and nonirradiated subjects, as well as to investigate the pattern of blood agglutinin levels in the Japanese population for comparison with that of Caucasians. The following observations were made: 1. In 475 people of group A, 228 of group B, and 339 of group O, the mean serum levels of anti-A and anti-B antibodies were virtually identical irrespective of the blood group of the subjects. 2. In individual group O subjects, the titers of anti-A and anti-B antibodies were very highly correlated (correlation coefficient of +.92). 3. Females exhibited higher antibody levels, although the magnitude of the difference was small. 4. Peak antibody titers were reached at age 20-30, with progressive linear regression in levels with advancing age. Peak titers in early adulthood were 5-10 times higher than those of the very elderly. 5. No correlation between blood group antibody levels and atomic irradiation was detected, whether irradiation was represented by (a) presence or absence of acute radiation symptoms in 1945, (b) distance from the hypocenter, or (c) numerical dosage estimate. 6. As one of a battery of tests of physiologic aging designed for detection of irradiation induced nonspecific aging acceleration, blood group antibody levels seem of modest value. After age 30, the linear correlation with chronologic age is -.72. 7. Differences in blood group antibody levels in Japanese and Caucasians indicate that (a) Caucasians have higher anti-A antibody levels as compared to anti-B levels than do Japanese, and (b) the peak antibody level occurs at an earlier age in Caucasians than in Japanese. It is not clear whether these differences are related to race and heredity or to external antigenic stimulation with A and B antigenic materials, but studies of blood group antibody levels in different racial groups should help elucidate the nature of these differences.

scholarly journals Lewis Blood Group Antigens are Associated with Altered Susceptibility to Shigellosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhansi L Leslie ◽  
Erin Weddle ◽  
Lauren K Yum ◽  
Ye Lin ◽  
Matthew L Jenior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Lewis Blood Group ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract In a cohort of infants, we found that lack of the Lewis histo-blood group antigen was associated with increased susceptibility to shigellosis. Broadly inhibiting fucosylation in epithelial cells in vitro decreased invasion by Shigella flexneri. These results support a role for fucosylated glycans in susceptibility to shigellosis.

scholarly journals Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for IgG antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Marien ◽  
Johan Michiels ◽  
Leo Heyndrickx ◽  
Karen Kerkhof ◽  
Nikki Foque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels

Large-scale serosurveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will only be possible if serological tests are sufficiently reliable, rapid and inexpensive. Current assays are either labour-intensive and require specialised facilities (e.g. virus neutralization assays), or expensive with suboptimal specificity (e.g. commercial ELISAs). Bead-based assays offer a cost-effective alternative and allow for multiplexing to test for antibodies of other pathogens. Here, we compare the performance of four antigens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in a panel of sera that includes both severe (n=40) and mild (n=52) cases, using a neutralization and a Luminex bead-based assay. While we show that neutralising antibody levels are significantly lower in mild than in severe cases, we demonstrate that a combination of recombinant nucleocapsid protein (NP), receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the whole spike protein (S1S2) results in a highly sensitive (96%) and specific (99%) bead-based assay that can detect IgG antibodies in both groups. Although S1-specific IgG levels correlate most strongly with neutralizing antibody levels, they fall below the detection threshold in 10% of the cases in our Luminex assay. In conclusion, our data supports the use of RBD, NP and S1S2 for the development of SARS-CoV-2 serological bead-based assays. Finally, we argue that low antibody levels in mild/asymptomatic cases might complicate the epidemiological assessment of large-scale surveillance studies.

scholarly journals ABO blood group antigen therapy: a potential new strategy against solid tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Luo ◽  
Mingxin Pan ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Membrane Attack Complex ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A

AbstractThe economic burden of tumors is increasing, so there is an urgent need to develop new therapies for their treatment. Killing tumors by activating complement is an effective strategy for the treatment. We used the ABO blood group system and the corresponding antibodies to activate the killer cell capacity of the complement system. After the construction of a mouse model containing blood group A antibodies and inoculating colorectal cancer and breast cancer cells into the axillae of the mice, intratumoural injection using a lentivirus carrying a blood group antigen as a drug significantly reduced the tumor volume of the mice. Compared with the control group, the content of the C5b-9 complement membrane attack complex in the tumors of mice treated with the blood group A antigen was significantly increased, and the proportion of NK cells was also significantly increased. In vitro cell-based experiments proved that tumor cells expressing blood group A antigens showed significantly inhibited cell proliferation when added to serum containing blood group A antibodies. These results all prove that the ABO blood group antigen may become a powerful tool for the treatment of tumors in patients.

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