scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against HPV Infection: Evaluation of One, Two, and Three Doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri E Markowitz ◽  
Allison L Naleway ◽  
Nicola P Klein ◽  
Rayleen M Lewis ◽  
Brad Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Collection Date ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background Highly effective human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are used in many national programs in 3- or 2-dose schedules. We examined HPV vaccine effectiveness against HPV prevalence by number of doses. Methods We collected residual liquid-based cytology samples from US women aged 20–29 years who were screened for cervical cancer. Women continuously enrolled from 2006 through the specimen collection date were analyzed. Specimens were tested using the Linear Array assay. We analyzed prevalence of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) types (HPV 6,11,16,18) and other HPV-type categories and determined prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 1, 2, and 3 compared with no vaccine doses. Results Among 4269 women, 1052 (24.6%) were unvaccinated, 2610 (61.1%) received 3 doses, 304 (7.1%) received 2 doses, and 303 (7.1%) received 1 dose. The 4vHPV-type prevalence was 7.4% among unvaccinated women compared with 1.7%, 1.0%, and 1.0% among 1-, 2-, and 3-dose recipients. Among women vaccinated at ≤18 years, adjusted PRs for 1, 2, and 3 doses were 0.06 (95% CI, 0.01–0.42), 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01–0.39), and 0.06 (95% CI, 0.04–0.12). Conclusions Among women who received their first dose at age ≤18, estimated HPV vaccine effectiveness was high regardless of number of doses.

Human papillomavirus vaccine timing associated with eventual human papillomavirus diagnosis in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Robert J Zeglin ◽  
Juliet L Fetteroll
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV), making it a significant women’s health issue. Though there have been advances in the prevention of HPV via vaccination, significant barriers continue to suppress vaccination rates for girls. Delaying vaccination until after sexual debut increases a woman’s chance of HPV infection, but there has been no quantification of this risk in the literature. The present study sought to address this gap via secondary data analysis with 173 female participants from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. Results indicate that women in the sample who received the HPV vaccine after their sexual debut were 2.63 times more likely than women who receive the vaccine before their sexual debut to report an HPV diagnosis. These results have clear public and sexual health implications.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Differential Susceptibility to Media Coverage: A Critical Documentary Led to Substantial Reductions in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110035
Author(s):  
Maria Knoth Humlum ◽  
Niels Skipper ◽  
Peter Rønø Thingholm
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Objectives To investigate whether negative media coverage of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine led to a decrease in the uptake of the first dose of the HPV vaccine (HPV1) in Denmark and, importantly, whether some groups of individuals were more susceptible to negative media coverage. Methods We measured HPV vaccine uptake of 12-year-old girls born in 2001 to 2004 using Danish administrative data. A quasi-experimental design was employed to assess whether a documentary that was critical of the HPV vaccine and aired in March 2015 affected HPV uptake. Results The documentary led to a quick and substantial decrease in the monthly propensity to vaccinate, which dropped 3 percentage points—or about 50%—in response to the documentary. Responses differed substantially across subgroups, and girls from families with high socioeconomic status (SES) were more susceptible to the negative media coverage. Conclusions Susceptibility to negative media coverage varied substantially across subgroups, highlighting the need for policy makers to appropriately target and differentiate initiatives to improve vaccine compliance rates.

A Case of Myopericarditis and the HPV vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pegram ◽  
Tara Bush
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Social History ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Dose Number ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the underlying etiology of numerous cancers and genital warts in both males and females. Vaccines were developed against HPV to prevent transmission and arrest development of cancers caused by the virus. Gardasil 9â is the newest vaccine, covering 9 serotypes of HPV and is recommended by the CDC for both males and females over 9 years of age in a series of vaccinations. Myopericarditis (including myocarditis and pericarditis) is not reported as an adverse reaction in the Gardasil 9â package insert. Case Report A healthy 18-year-old male with no significant past medical or social history received dose number 3 of HPV vaccine at his physician’s office. Within 24 hours, he developed chills and a fever (normal HPV reactions) and then recovered without sequelae within 48 hours. Three days later, he developed crushing chest pain, with arm tingling and jaw pain. He was triaged directly to the emergency room where he had troponins of greater than 11000 and T wave inversions on his EKG. Other diagnostic tests and labs showed normal heart anatomy and no early coronary artery disease. He was diagnosed with myopericarditis by cardiology. He was treated and recovered fully within 3 months. Discussion Using the WHO tool for adverse vaccine reactions, this case has a consistent causal relationship with vaccination. This is the eleventh case of myopericarditis reported to the Vaccine Adverse Effects Reporting system for the HPV vaccine. Conclusion Although rare, myopericarditis should be considered as a possible adverse effect from the human papillomavirus vaccine.

scholarly journals Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine uptake or intent among parents of preadolescents and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberlee Dayal ◽  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Jessica Schoening ◽  
Mary Catherine Smith ◽  
Son Chae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
College Education ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Uptake

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine predictors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake or intent among parents of pre-adolescents and adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among parents of girls aged 9 to 18 years, visiting two primary care clinics in central Texas from September to November 2015. Pearson’s product-moment correlation procedures and path analyses based on Health Belief Model were performed.Results: Path analysis showed that provider recommendation for HPV vaccination (β = 0.37; p < .001) and perceived HPV vaccine harm (β = -0.48; p < .001) had statistically significant direct effects on HPV vaccine uptake or intent. The perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was directly influenced by HPV knowledge (β = 0.39; p < .001), empowerment in parent-provider relationships (β = 0.30; p = .006) and parental college education (β = 0.23; p = .039).}Conclusions: Together with parental empowerment fostering an equal partnership with providers, targeted education to improve parental HPV knowledge may convince them of the HPV vaccine effectiveness. This, in turn, may help them put the perceived HPV vaccine harm in proper perspective and allow them to make informed decisions regarding the timely HPV vaccination of their children. Because provider recommendation is one of the most important contributing factors for HPV vaccine uptake or intent, parental education and recommendations from nurses will help reduce the knowledge gaps and empower parents to make the timely decisions to vaccinate their children.

scholarly journals An Integrative Review of the Influences on Decision-Making of Young People About Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Helen Sisson ◽  
Yvonne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
To Receive

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a key intervention in the prevention of HPV infection and associated cancers. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding what influences decision-making about this vaccine. Guided by the work of Whittemore and Knafl, and Pluye and Hong, we identified 25 studies, from which four prominent themes emerged: fear and risk, pain, parental involvement, and involvement of others. Fear of cervical cancer was a strong motivation to receive the vaccine, and the extent of parental involvement also had an impact on decision-making. Recommendations to receive the vaccine by health-care providers were also an important influence. School nurses are fundamental to the promotion and delivery of the HPV vaccine and should stress the significant role that it plays in the prevention of cancer. Additionally, school nurses should ensure that discussions about HPV infection and vaccine include parents where appropriate and should distinctly recommend vaccination to those eligible.

scholarly journals High Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability and Cost-Effectiveness of the Chinese 2-Valent Vaccine Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Hao Ye ◽  
Zhao-Zhen Liu ◽  
Si-Tong Cui ◽  
Zhen-Xing Chu ◽  
Yong-Jun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: Despite the insupportable burden caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and high vaccine acceptability, vaccination programs are not currently available for men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to assess HPV infection by examining the willingness for vaccination among MSM and cost-effectiveness of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Methods: We recruited MSM in Shenyang, China between July and December 2020 to conduct anal HPV testing and an online survey regarding HPV-related knowledge and vaccine acceptability. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Results: A total of 234 participants completed the online survey; of those, 203 were successfully tested for HPV. The median age was 30 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–38 years]. Most participants had at least undergraduate education (136/234, 58.1%). The acceptability rate for the free HPV vaccine was 57.7% (135/234). The prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 was 14.9% (18/121) and 26.8% (22/82) in the willing and unwilling to vaccinate groups, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The prevalence of high-risk HPV among participants aged &lt;30 and ≥50 years was 48.6 and 38.9%, respectively. Using the Chinese per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as a threshold, the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine would be a “very cost-effective” strategy, with an ICER value of USD 4,411. This evidence showed that the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine was more cost-effective than other imported vaccines.Conclusions: Targeted strategies should be utilized in MSM with different rates of vaccine acceptability. A pilot HPV vaccination program based on the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine for MSM is urgently warranted to reduce the burden of HPV and anal cancer.

scholarly journals 962. Trends in Cervical Pre-cancers by Race and Ethnicity During the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era, HPV Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT), United States, 2008–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S29-S29
Author(s):  
Julia Gargano ◽  
Rayleen Lewis ◽  
Hillary Hunt ◽  
Nancy McClung ◽  
Nancy M Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Impact Monitoring ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Abstract Background Since human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction in the United States in 2006, cervical pre-cancer incidence has declined in young women, but pre-cancer trends have not been reported by race/ethnicity. We evaluated trends in cervical pre-cancers from 2008 to 2016 in non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, NH Asian, and Hispanic women identified through active population-based surveillance in the 5-site Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT). Methods We analyzed data on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2–3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) cases aged 20–39 years. Annual CIN2+ rates per 100,000 women were calculated stratified by race/ethnicity in 5-year age groups, using multiple imputation to account for 10% missing race/ethnicity data. Rates were also calculated using estimated numbers screened for cervical cancer to control for known declines in screening. Trends, evaluated using JoinPoint software, are presented as average annual percentage changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 18,222 CIN2+ cases (62% NH white, 16% NH black, 16% Hispanic, 6% Asian) were reported from 2008 to 2016. CIN2+ rates among 20–24 year-olds declined significantly in all groups: NH white, AAPC: −14.2 (95% CI: −16.3, −12.1); NH black, AAPC: −15.5 (−19.5, −11.4); Asian, AAPC: −14.8 (−20.5, −8.8); Hispanic, AAPC: −14.3 (−17.9, −10.5). In 25–29 year olds, a significant decline was observed for NH whites only (AAPC: −2.4, [−4.0, −0.8]). No declines were seen in 30–34 or 35–39 year olds. Among screened 20–24 year-olds, significant but smaller declines were observed (AAPC: −9.8 to −8.4); no declines were observed in screened 25–29 year olds or older groups. Conclusion In this evaluation of CIN2+ trends by race/ethnicity during the HPV vaccine era, the significant declines in 20–24 year olds across all groups, including among screened women, is consistent with equitable vaccine impact on CIN2+. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

Bioethics Human Papillomavirus and HPV Vaccine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Shanahan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Family Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

This paper will discuss what the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is. Ethical questions posed are “Should the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine be required? If yes at what age and should it be required for both boys and girls? During the paper another ethical question that will be discussed is, “On what basis should parents be permitted to refuse and be exempt from the mandate”? An analysis of the Human papillomavirus will explain what is HPV, how it is passed between people, any symptoms that could occur, and information about treatment, vaccines, and prevention. The role and responsibilities of the Family Nurse Practitioner, clinical aspects, scientific evidence, conflicts, social issues, contextual facts and stakeholders will all be discussed. In addition bioethical principles autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice will be discussed that are relevant and applicable to the ethical issues associated with the Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine.

Human papillomavirus vaccine safety in Australia: experience to date and issues for surveillance

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Gold ◽  
Jim Buttery ◽  
Peter McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Australia was one of the first countries to licence a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, rapidly followed by a federally funded program of universal vaccination of a broad age group of females through schools (12 to 18 years) and primary care (19 to 26 years). As of August 2009, more than 5.8 million doses of Gardasil® (quadrivalent; Merck, New Jersey, USA) have been distributed in Australia and a total of 1394 suspected adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) have been reported to the passive surveillance system. Most reports are of common and expected reactions. Case series of more uncommon and serious AEFI, both known to be potentially vaccine related (anaphylaxis, conversion disorders and lipoatrophy) and otherwise (multiple sclerosis and pancreatitis) have been published.

Attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccine in young women

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Kahn ◽  
Susan L Rosenthal ◽  
Tara Hamann ◽  
David I Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
To Receive

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are under investigation, but little is known about attitudes regarding vaccination. The aims of this study were to identify attitudes about and intention to receive an HPV vaccine in young women using a theory-based model. Young women ( n=52, mean age 25 years, range 18-30 years, 35% Black/Non-Hispanic) completed a survey assessing knowledge, attitudes about HPV vaccination, and risk behaviours. Associations between attitudes and intention to receive the vaccine were assessed using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Subjects reported positive attitudes about receiving an HPV vaccine and high intention to receive the vaccine both for themselves and their daughters. Variables associated significantly with intention included knowledge ( P=0.004), personal beliefs about vaccination ( P=0.004), belief that others would approve of vaccination ( P=0.005), and higher number of sexual partners ( P=0.028). Information on attitudes about HPV vaccination and predictors of intention to receive a vaccine may guide immunization initiatives for young adults.

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