scholarly journals Efficacy of dalbavancin against MRSA biofilms in a rat model of orthopaedic implant-associated infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
H Sofia Antão ◽  
João Guimarães ◽  
Justina Prada ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Established Infection ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dalbavancin against MRSA biofilm-related infection in orthopaedic implants in vivo. Methods One MRSA strain isolated from human osteomyelitis was used to promote biofilm formation on the surface of screws. The implants were inserted in the proximal tibia under general anaesthesia. Thirty-nine Wistar rats were divided into three groups [control group (no treatment), Group 1 (7 days of treatment) and Group 2 (14 days of treatment)]; both treatment groups were administered dalbavancin intraperitoneally and euthanized after treatment. cfu of bacteria present in both the tibia and the implant were quantified. The infection severity was assessed by histopathology and scored from 0 (no infection) to 4 (severe infection). Results The high number of cfu/g and cfu/mL present in the control group indicated a well-established infection. There was a significant reduction in cfu in rats treated with dalbavancin both in the tibia (2.8 × 105 cfu/g) and the implant (1.1 × 106 cfu/mL) in Group 1 (1.8 × 103 cfu/g and 2.4 × 105 cfu/mL, respectively) and in Group 2 (8.2 cfu/g and 8.2 × 103 cfu/mL, respectively). Most animals from the control group presented an infection scored as 3 (severe). At the end of the experiment, most rats from Groups 1 and 2 presented an infection scored as 2 (moderate) and 0 (no infection), respectively. Conclusions Although there was a marked decrease in cfu number, signs of biofilm-induced infection prevailed after 14 days of treatment. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the potential of dalbavancin in the treatment of bone and orthopaedic implant-associated MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Monoklonal Antibodi Bovine Zona Pelusida 3 (bZP3) terhadap Diameter dan Atresia Folikel Ovarium Mencit (Mus musculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Annisa Trissatharra ◽  
Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽  
Ratna Sofaria Munir
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To identify the effect of monoclonal antibody bZP3 at ovarian follicles that undergo atresia and diameter of various ovarian follicles.Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental research with post only control group design. Samples were 36 female mices (Mus musculus) which is divided into 6 groups, there are 3 control groups (group 1, 2, and 3) injected by Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50µl and 3 treatment groups (group 4, 5, and 6) injected by Mab bZP3 50µl. Group 1 and 4 terminated at 5th day, group 2 and 5 terminated at 10th day, and group 3 and 6 terminated at 20th day. Evaluation of atretic ovarian follicles and diameter of ovarian follicles performed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) and the data processed by parametric statistic.Results: There are no significant in different among groups in the aspect of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles (p>0.05), but descriptively, number of follicles undergo atresia of the follicle primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment group was higher than the control group, except on the 20th day of observation time.Conclusion: administration of Mab bZP3 had no effect to amount of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles during observation time.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Model of Eradication of Dengue Fever Vector Movement of Housewives Monitoring Larva in Efforts to Prevent Dengue Fever in Mojolangu Village, Lowokwaru District Malang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiashriel Lundy ◽  
◽  
Prima Soultoni Akbar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, the incidence and geographic distribution of dengue fever have greatly increased. Dengue fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is characterized by fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, skin rash, nausea and vomiting. The Mosquito Nest Eradication Program (PSN) through 3M Plus needs to be carried out continuously throughout the year, especially in the rainy season through the movement of housewife who monitor larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the dengue fever vector eradication model through the housewife movement of larva monitoring in the efforts of dengue fever prevention in Mojolangu Village, Malang City. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment using 2 treatment groups and 1 control group conducted at Mojolangu village, Lowokwaru district, Malang. A sample of 90 respondents divided into three groups was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was DHF Prevention Efforts (Larva Monitoring). The independent variables were Dengue Fever Vector Eradication Model. The data were collected by questionnaire and observation. The data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. Results: After being given treatment in group 1 (educated by health workers) and group 2 (trained cadres) the ability increased to be very good by 83% and 53%. In group 3 (control) his ability improved by 37%. Group 1 has the most effective influence in increasing knowledge and skills. Then group 2 with a significance value of <0.001 (p <0.005). Conclusion: Housewife are a resource in Family Empowerment and Intervention models. The eradication of dengue vectors needs regular monitoring and monitoring so that self-awareness and independence from the family can increase so that the degree of health can be achieved optimally. Keywords: Model, eradication, vector, dengue fever, larva Correspondence: Fiashriel Lundy. School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Malang. Jl. Besar Ijen No 77, Oro-oro Dowo, Klojen sub-distric, Malang, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0811367446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.16

97 PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF EQUINE PLACENTA GENERATED AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VIVO- AND IN VITRO-PRODUCED EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lanci ◽  
J. Mariella ◽  
B. Merlo ◽  
C. Castagnetti ◽  
E. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Placental changes associated with artificial reproductive technologies have been described in several species, but little information is available in horses. Joy et al. (2012) reported that human placentas from intracytoplasmic sperm injection derived embryos were heavier and thicker than those produced after natural conception. Despite the most growing interest and efficiency of artificial reproductive technologies in equine species, only recently, Pozor et al. (2016) described placental abnormalities in pregnancies generated by somatic cell NT, but there are no studies on equine placenta generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and traditional embryo transfer. In the present preliminary study, macroscopic differences of placentas generated after transfer of in vitro- or in vivo-produced embryos were registered. Twelve Standardbred recipient mares with pregnancy generated after transfer of in vivo-derived (Group 1) and in vitro-derived (Group 2) embryos were enrolled; 10 Standardbred mares with pregnancy derived by traditional AI were included as control (Group 3). All pregnancies were physiological, and newborn foals were healthy. Mare age, parity, length of pregnancy, gross evaluation and weight of placenta, total length of umbilical cord (UC), length of UC, number of UC coils, foal sex, and weight at birth were registered. Collected data are listed in Table 1 and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were evaluated by 1-way ANOVA, and the difference in proportion of overweight placentas was evaluated with the Fisher test. The gross evaluation of placenta revealed 8/12 placentas (2/4 Group 1; 6/8 Group 2) were heavier than 11% (Madigan, 1997) due to oedema of the chorioallantois. No overweight placentas were registered in Group 3. In Group 1, 1/4 placentas had villous hypoplasia, and in Group 2, 1/8 placentas had cystic pouches on the UC. There were no significant differences among groups. However, the proportion of overweight placentas between Group 2 (6/8) and Group 3 (0/10) approached significance (P = 0.06). Although preliminary, the results of the present study suggest that production of equine embryos in vitro may lead to alterations in placental development. Several studies in cattle and sheep have suggested that alterations in the placentas of pregnancies derived from in vitro-produced embryos are related to effects of culture on epigenetic regulation. Less is known in the horse about the effects of in vitro embryo production on placental development; thus, further research in this area is necessary. Table 1. Characteristics of full-term placentas derived from AI or embryo transfer with in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos

Kolaviron, a biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola, protects against isoproterenol-induced injury by mitigating cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adekunle Adaramoye ◽  
Semiu Olasoju Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid fromForty-two male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were randomly divided into seven groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control; group 2 received ISO (85 mg/kg subcutaneously); groups 3, 4 and 5 received ISO and KV1 [100 mg/kg orally (p.o.)], KV2 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and QUE (25 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively; and groups 6 and 7 received QUE and KV2, respectively.Administration of ISO caused significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase by 2.2-, 1.9-, 2.1-, 1.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, relative to controls, with a concomitant decrease in cardiac activities of these enzymes. Administration of ISO led to significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of cardiac superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathioneKV protects against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo, suggesting its usefulness as a possible chemoprophylactic agent against cardiotoxic drugs.

Effect of Bumetanide on Facial Nerve Regeneration in Rat Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982093767
Author(s):  
Ecem Sevim Longur ◽  
Özgür Yiğit ◽  
Çiğdem Kalaycık Ertugay ◽  
Ela Araz Server ◽  
Turgut Adatepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Nerve Recovery ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective We investigated the effects of bumetanide alone and in combination with dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration in rats with facial paralysis. Study Design A prospective controlled animal study. Setting An animal laboratory. Subjects and Methods Facial paralysis was induced in 32 Wistar rats that we then divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, bumetanide; group 3, dexamethasone; group 4, bumetanide and dexamethasone. Electroneurography was performed 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electron and light microscopy and Western blotting in week 4. Results Regarding the comparison between preoperative values and week 4, the latency difference in group 1 (1.25 milliseconds) was significantly higher than those of groups 2 to 4 (0.56, 0.34, and 0.10 milliseconds, respectively; P = .001). The latency increment in groups 2 and 3 was higher than that of group 4 ( P = .002 and P = .046) in week 4, whereas groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly ( P = .291). Amplitude difference was not statistically significant from week 4 among all groups (all P > .05). The number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all treatment groups than in the control group ( P = .001). Axon number and intensity were significantly higher in group 4 as compared with groups 2 and 3 ( P = .009, P = .005). Conclusion After primary neurorrhaphy, dexamethasone and bumetanide alone promoted nerve recovery based on electrophysiologic and histologic measures. Combination therapy was, however, superior.

scholarly journals PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RENAL PARENCHYMA, AFTER MODELING OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS IN MICE, DEPENDING ON THE ABILITY OF BACTERIA TO FORM BIOFILMS.

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
I. O. Mitiuriaeva-Kornijko ◽  
A. A. Vodianyk ◽  
V. V. Lihodievskyy ◽  
V. A. Ponyatovskiy ◽  
A. V. Gniloskurenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Secondary Alteration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases that affects people of any age and sex. The purpose of our study was to determine morphological changes in acute pyelonephritis, depending on the ability of bacteria strains to form biofilms. Materials and methods. The model of acute pyelonephritis was reproduced by ascending urinary infection model of laboratory mice with clinical isolates of E.coli with low biofilm formation ability (group # 1) and high biofilm formation ability (group # 2), the material was taken on day 7 of the experiment, histological sections were analyzed in comparison with control (group # 3). Results. In group # 1, leukocyte infiltration of the medulla of the kidney with the presence of edema of the stroma was observed. In group # 2, hyperinfiltration of all parts of the kidney was observed, together with the presence of extravasates and severe edema of the stroma. Discussion. Changes revealed by histological examination may indicate that biofilm formation leads to an ineffective immuneresponse, which in turn leads to increased secondary alteration. Conclusions. Biofilm formation is an important factor in the pathogenicity of microorganisms, which affects the course of acute pyelonephritis.

Anthelmintic effects of Prosopis laevigatan-hexanic extract against Haemonchus contortus in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. De Jesús-Gabino ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
D.O. Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe anthelmintic effect of Prosopis laevigata (mezquite) n-hexanic extract was evaluated against Haemonchus contortus endoparasitic stages in artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Prosopis laevigata leaves were collected from the Sierra de Huautla, Ecological Reserve of the Biosphere, in Morelos State, Mexico; dehydrated under shade and macerated with n-hexane for 3 days, followed by distillation for 8 h. This procedure was repeated three times and the final extract was kept at 4°C. The in vivo effect of the plant extract was evaluated in gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus. Plant extract concentration was 40 mg/ml. Three groups of gerbils were as follows: group 1 (n = 7), P. laevigata extract at 100 μl intraperitoneally (IP); group 2 (n = 6), control – Tween 20 in water at a single dose of 100 μ l IP; group 3 (n = 8) also served as a control, receiving water only, to determine the mortality due to causes other than the plant extract. An additional group of seven gerbils (group 4) was administered fenbendazole, as a positive control. Five days later the animals were euthanized and stomach and mucosa removed to quantify the nematodes. Data were analysed using the Student's t-test to compare the mean of nematodes obtained in groups 1, 2 and 3. The parasite population in the plant extract treated group 1 was reduced by 42.5% (P < 0.05) with respect to the control group 2; and when control group 3 was used for comparison the parasitic reduction was estimated as 53.11%. This study shows the in vivo anthelmintic effect of P. laevigatan-hexane extract for the first time, using gerbils as an in vivo model, with potential use in sheep.

Effect of simultaneous blockade of androgen and estrogen receptors on prostate cancer: In vivo study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Rafael Nunez-Nateras ◽  
Erin N. Ferrigni ◽  
Naomi M. Gades ◽  
Erik P. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Castrate Resistant ◽  
Group 1

214 Background: In our preliminary in vitro studies, we have demonstrated evidence of enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation in both hormone sensitive and castrate resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines using a combination of an antiandrogen (Bicalutamide) and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (Raloxifene). The aim of this study was to study the effect of the administration of these two drugs in in vivo models of castrate resistant PCa. Methods: In vivo model consisted on NCr Nude: Mice bearing s.c. human prostate (PC3 cell line) xenografts. Based on the treatment received, mice were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1: No drugs (control); Group 2: Bicalutamide 50mg; Group 3: Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 4: Combined administration of Bicalutamide 50 mg and Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 5 Combined administration of Bicalutamide 150 mg and Raloxifene 120 mg. A total of 10 mice where included in each group. All drugs dosages were converted to their equivalent in the mice. Drugs were administered by gavage technique to the mice once per day for a total of 14 days. Results: As expected, Bicalutamide administered alone causes minimal inhibition without reaching statistical significance (Group 2: 0.34 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.073). Although Raloxifene causes some marked growth inhibition, its effect is not statistically significant (Group 3: 0.31 Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.062). Bicalutamide and Raloxifene, when administered in combination, induced prominent growth inhibition in PC3 tumors when compared to the control group (Group 4: 0.26 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.038). Growth inhibition is significantly more evident when the drugs dosages are increased (Group 5: 0.17 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.024). Conclusions: The simultaneous administration of Bicalutamide and Raloxifene appears to have a synergistic effect on tumor growth inhibition in PC3 xenografts. The pathway(s) responsible for this observation may be independent of the androgen receptor as PC3 cells are AR negative and still affected by the combination over the drugs administered alone. Research is warranted to identify these potential pathways.

scholarly journals Role of Biofilm-Associated Protein Bap in the Pathogenesis of Bovine Staphylococcus aureus

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2177-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Cucarella ◽  
M. Ángeles Tormo ◽  
Carles Úbeda ◽  
M. Pilar Trotonda ◽  
Marta Monzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of intramammary infections, which frequently become chronic, associated with the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm. Here, we report a relationship between the ability to produce chronic bovine mastitis and biofilm formation. We have classified bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates into three groups based on the presence of particular genetic elements required for biofilm formation: group 1 (ica + bap +), group 2 (ica +, bap negative), and group 3 (ica negative, bap negative). Overall, animals naturally infected with group 1 and 2 isolates had a lower milk somatic cell count than those infected with isolates of group 3. In addition, Bap-positive isolates were significantly more able to colonize and persist in the bovine mammary gland in vivo and were less susceptible to antibiotic treatments when forming biofilms in vitro. Analysis of the structural bap gene revealed the existence of alternate forms of expression of the Bap protein in S. aureus isolates obtained under field conditions throughout the animal's life. The presence of anti-Bap antibodies in serum samples taken from animals with confirmed S. aureus infections indicated the production of Bap during infection. Furthermore, disruption of the ica operon in a bap-positive strain had no effect on in vitro biofilm formation, a finding which strongly suggested that Bap could compensate for the deficiency of the PIA/PNAG product (a biofilm matrix polysaccharide). Altogether, these results demonstrate that, in the bovine intramammary gland, the presence of Bap may facilitate a biofilm formation connected with the persistence of S. aureus.

scholarly journals The effects of dried grape pomace supplementation on biochemical blood serum indicators and digestibility of nutrients in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Renata Kolláthová ◽  
Branislav Gálik ◽  
Marko Halo ◽  
Anton Kováčik ◽  
Ondrej Hanušovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Twelve adult Slovak warmblood sport horses were used to study the effect of dried grape pomace (DGP) on health through blood serum biochemical indicators, and on apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The digestibility analysis was carried out by two in vivo methods, total faeces collection (TFC) and using lignin as a marker (ADL). Animals were divided into 3 groups: control group (C, without supplementation), experimental group 1 (E1, feed rations + 200 g of DGP) and experimental group 2 (E2, feed rations + 400 g of DGP). In animals, no health problems were detected during the trial. Of the blood serum indicators, only the concentrations of potassium (increase in E2 group compared to C group) and alanine aminotransferase (decrease in E2 group in comparison with E1 and C group) were affected (P &lt; 0.05). The ADL method resulted in underestimated digestibility coefficients due to low recovery rates of lignin (less than 90%) in C group and E1 group. According to TFC, in E1 group higher digestibility coefficients were detected for DM, OM and CP (P &gt; 0.05) compared to C group. However, in E2 group lower digestibility of all the studied nutrients was found (P &gt; 0.05) in comparison with C group and E1 group. These results suggest that DGP could be used in horse diets up to 200 g without negative effect on their health and for a possible digestibility improvement of some nutrients.

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