High Resolution Infrared Spectra of Some Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

Abstract High resolution infrared spectra in the region from 4000 to 300 cm- 1 are presented for 36 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The compounds were isolated from commercial essential oils and purified by gas chromatographic techniques. The gas chromatographic retention times relative to isodurene as an internal standard and the five strongest infrared hands in the 1250— 300 cm- 1 region are also tabulated

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High Resolution Infrared Spectra of Some Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons. II. Second Series

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/53.5.949 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 949-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John A Wenninger ◽

Ronald L Yates

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Ir Spectra ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Capillary Column ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

Abstract An additional 24 high resolution IR spectra of naturally occurring sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are presented. Compounds were isolated from essential oils and purified by GLC techniques. The purity of each compound was checked by capillary column GLC. Infrared spectra of the following compounds are included: aromadendrene, allo-aromadendrene, cis-α-bergamotene, trans-β-bergamotene, cisa-α-bisabolene, trans-α-bisabolene, “α2-bisabolene“, cis-γ-bisabolene, β-cadinene, β1-cadinene, α-calacorene, chamazulene, β-chamigrene, “cubenene“, α-himachalene, β-himachalene, longicyclene, longifolene, α-muurolene, γ-muurolene, γ-patchoulene, epi-β-santalene, selina-4,ll-diene, and ylangene.

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Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons of Commercial Copaiba Balsam and American Cedarwood Oils

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/50.6.1304 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1304-1313

Author(s):

John A Wenninger ◽

Ronald L Yates ◽

Meyer Dolinsky

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Chromatographic Retention ◽

Retention Data ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

Abstract The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of commercial samples of copaiba balsam and American cedarwood oils were separated by a combination of techniques including silver nitrate adduction, column chromatography on alumina, distillation, and gas chromatography. Components were identified by their infrared spectra. Of the 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons detected in copaiba balsam oil, 18 were identified as follows: δ-elemcne, copaene, β-cubebene, cyperene, α-bergamotene, β-elemene, caryophyllene,γ -elemene, β-farnesene, allo-aromadendrene, α-, β-humuIene, β-bisabolene, α-selinene, β-selinene, δ-cadinene, ar-curcumene, γ -cadinene, calamenene, and a-cubebene (tentatively identified). The following sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified in American cedarwood oil: β-eIemene, acedrene, caryophyllene, thujopsene, α-,βhumulene, "acorene," valencene, cuparene, a cuprenene, and two additional hydrocarbons (tentatively identified). Gas chromatographic retention data are reported for 27 of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons isolated

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Detection and identification of Catalpol metabolites in the rat plasma, urine and faeces using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221999201125205515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Zedong Xiang ◽

Shaoping Wang ◽

Haoran Li ◽

Pingping Dong ◽

Fan Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Resolution ◽

High Performance ◽

Mass Measurement ◽

Neutral Loss ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Accurate Mass ◽

Chromatographic Retention ◽

Rat Urine ◽

Q Exactive

Background:: Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, is one of the richest bioactive components present in Rehmannia glutinosa. More and more metabolites of drugs have exhibit various pharmacological effects, thus providing guidance for clinical application. However, few researches have paid attention on the metabolism of catalpol. Objective:: This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective method to identify catalpol metabolites and evaluate the biotransformation pathways of catalpol in rats. Methods:: In this study, catalpol metabolites in rat urine, plasma and faeces were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS for the characterization of metabolism of catalpol. Based on high-resolution extracted ion chromatograms (HREICs) and parallel reaction monitoring mode (PRM), metabolites of catalpol were identified by comparing the diagnostic product ions (DPIs), chromatographic retention times, neutral loss fragments (NLFs) and accurate mass measurement with those of catalpol reference standard. Results: A total of 29 catalpol metabolites were detected and identified in both negative and positive ion modes. Nine metabolic reactions including deglycosylation, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation of methylene to ketone, glucuronidation, glycine conjugation and cysteine conjugation were proposed. Conclusion:: A rapid and effective method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS was developed to mine the metabolism information of catalpol. Results of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of catalpol suggested that when orally administrated, catalpol was firstly metabolized into catalpol aglycone, after which phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ reactions occurred. However, hydrophilic chromatography-mass spectrometry still needed to further find the polar metabolites of catalpol.

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High resolution infrared spectra of H2–Ar, HD–Ar, and D2–Ar van der Waals complexes between 160 and 8620 cm−1

The Journal of Chemical Physics ◽

10.1063/1.472158 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 105 (7) ◽

pp. 2628-2638 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

A. R. W. McKellar

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Van Der Waals ◽

Van Der Waals Complexes

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Essential Oils of Four Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) Varieties Grown in North Alabama

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1397

Author(s):

William N. Setzer ◽

Lam Duong ◽

Trang Pham ◽

Ambika Poudel ◽

Cuong Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

University Research ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Continuous Extraction ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Relative Differences ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Very High

Virginia mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) is a peppermint-flavored aromatic herb of the Lamiaceae and is mainly used for culinary, medicinal, aromatic, and ornamental purposes. North Alabama’s climate is conducive to growing mint for essential oils used in culinary, confectionery, and medicinal purposes. There is, however, a need for varieties of P. virginianum that can be adapted and easily grown for production in North Alabama. Towards this end, four field-grown varieties with three harvesting times (M1H1, M1H2, M1H3; M2H1, M2H2, M2H3; M3H1, M3H2, M3H3, M4H1, M4H2, M4H3) were evaluated for relative differences in essential oil yield and composition. Thirty-day-old greenhouse-grown plants of the four varieties were transplanted on raised beds in the field at the Alabama A & M University Research Station in North Alabama. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. The study’s objective was to compare the four varieties for essential oil yield and their composition at three harvest times, 135, 155, and 170 days after planting (DAP). Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation with continuous extraction with dichloromethane using a Likens–Nickerson apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. At the first harvest, the essential oil yield of the four varieties showed that M1H1 had a yield of 1.15%, higher than M2H1, M3H1, and M4H1 with 0.91, 0.76, and 1.03%, respectively. The isomenthone concentrations increased dramatically through the season in M1 (M1H1, M1H2, M1H3) by 19.93, 54.7, and 69.31%, and M3 (M3H1, M3H2, M3H3) by 1.81, 48.02, and 65.83%, respectively. However, it increased only slightly in M2 and M4. The thymol concentration decreased slightly but not significantly in all four varieties; the thymol in M2 and M4 was very high compared with M1 and M3. The study showed that mountain mint offers potential for production in North Alabama. Two varieties, M1 and M3, merit further studies to determine yield stability, essential oil yield, composition, and cultivation development practices.

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The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Sims K. Lawson ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Germacrene D ◽

First Time ◽

Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

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Variation in the Chemical Composition of Five Varieties of Curcuma longa Rhizome Essential Oils Cultivated in North Alabama

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

William N. Setzer ◽

Lam Duong ◽

Ambika Poudel ◽

Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Bioactive Agents

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an important spice, particularly is Asian cuisine, and is also used in traditional herbal medicine. Curcuminoids are the main bioactive agents in turmeric, but turmeric essential oils also contain health benefits. Turmeric is a tropical crop and is cultivated in warm humid environments worldwide. The southeastern United States also possesses a warm humid climate with a growing demand for locally sourced herbs and spices. In this study, five different varieties of C. longa were cultivated in north Alabama, the rhizome essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation, and the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The major components in the essential oils were α-phellandrene (3.7–11.8%), 1,8-cineole (2.6–11.7%), α-zingiberene (0.8–12.5%), β-sesquiphellandrene (0.7–8.0%), ar-turmerone (6.8–32.5%), α-turmerone (13.6–31.5%), and β-turmerone (4.8–18.4%). The essential oil yields and chemical profiles of several of the varieties are comparable with those from tropical regions, suggesting that these should be considered for cultivation and commercialization in the southeastern United States.

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