Incidence of Fungi in Shared-Use Cosmetics Available to the Public

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B Mislivec ◽  
Ruth Bandler ◽  
Geraldene Allen
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess both the potential health risk from shared-use cosmetics caused by microorganisms and the microbial efficacy of preservatives in cosmetics. Samples of 3027 shared-use cosmetic products were collected from 171 retail establishments nationwide. Fungi were present in 10.4% of the products, and 3.9% contained fungal pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. The 423 fungal isolates identified represented 33 genera and at least 69 species. A disproportionately large share of the fungal isolates were from eye products; fewer were from lip products. Pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens made up 32.2% of the fungal isolates. A slightly lower percentage of samples that contained preservatives had fungi, a fact suggesting that preservatives reduce the incidence of fungi in cosmetics. Results of this survey indicate potential microbiological problems concerning the safety of shareduse cosmetics.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of <24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (<10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

scholarly journals Misidentification of Tansy, Tanacetum Macrophyllum, as Yarrow, Achillea Grandifolia: A Health Risk or Benefit?

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko S. Radulović ◽  
Polina D. Blagojević ◽  
Danielle Skropeta ◽  
Aleksandra R. Zarubica ◽  
Bojan K. Zlatković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Volatile Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Type Apparatus

Tansy, Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Sch. Bip., is often misidentified by herb collectors as yarrow, Achillea grandifolia Friv. With the former, cases of poisoning induced by its ingestion are well documented, but the latter is widely used for ethnopharmacological purposes. The aim of this study was to estimate, based on the volatile metabolite profiles of the two species, the potential health risk connected with their misidentification. GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oils hydrodistilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus from A. grandifolia, T. macrophyllum, and two plant samples (reputedly of A. grandifolia, but in fact mixtures of A. grandifolia and T. macrophyllum) obtained from a local market, resulted in the identification of 215 different compounds. The main constituents of A. grandifolia oil were ascaridole (15.5%), α-thujone (7.5%), camphor (15.6%), borneol (5.2%) and (Z)-jasmone (6.4%), and of T. macrophyllum oil, 1,8-cineole (8.6%), camphor (6.4%), borneol (9.1%), isobornyl acetate (9.5%), copaborneol (4.2%) and γ-eudesmol (6.2%). The compositions of the oils extracted from the samples obtained from the market were intermediate to those of A. grandifolia and T. macrophyllum. Significant differences in the corresponding volatile profiles and the literature data concerning the known activities of the pure constituents of the oils, suggested that the pharmacological action of the investigated species (or their unintentional mixtures) would be notably different. It seems, however, that misidentification of T. macrophyllum as A. grandifolia does not represent a health risk and that the absence of the toxic α-thujone from T. macrophyllum oil may in fact be regarded as a benefit.

The level of mercury contamination in mariculture sites at the estuary of Pearl River and the potential health risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Tao ◽  
K.Y. Zhao ◽  
W.Y. Ding ◽  
J.B. Li ◽  
P. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk
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