Variability Among Peanut Subsamples Prepared for Aflatoxin Analysis with Four Mills

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe W Dorner ◽  
Richard J Cole
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration

Abstract The variability in aflatoxin concentration among peanut subsamples ground with 4 different mills was evaluated. Twenty 2 kg samples of naturally contaminated peanuts were ground in a Dickens subsampling mill (DM), a Stephan model UM-12 vertical cutter mixer (SM), and a Robot Coupe model RSI6Y-1 vertical cutter mixer (RC1). Twenty 4 kg samples were ground in the DM, SM, and a Robot Coupe model R10P vertical cutter mixer (RC2). From each 2 kg sample, ten 100 g subsamples were withdrawn, and from each 4 kg sample, ten 200 g subsamples were withdrawn. Subsamples were analyzed for aflatoxin by liquid chromatography. The coefficient of variation (CV) among each set of 10 subsamples was determined for each sample, and the CVs for each sample size were ranked and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test of ranks. For 2 kg samples, the CVs for the samples ground in RC1 ranked significantly lower than those for samples ground in DM and SM. For 4 kg samples, the CVs for samples ground in RC2 and SM were significantly lower than that for samples ground in DM. The averages of the CVs for 2 kg samples were 17.2% (RC1), 32.8% (SM), and 40.6% (DM). The averages of the CVs for 4 kg samples were 21.2% (RC2), 26.0% (SM), and 47.0% (DM).

Use of Loose Shelled Kernels to Estimate Aflatoxin in Farmers Stock Peanut Lots1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Whitaker ◽  
F. G. Giesbrecht ◽  
W. M. Hagler
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration

Abstract Loose shelled kernels (LSK) are a defined grade component of farmers stock peanuts and represented, on the average, 33.3% of the total aflatoxin mass and 7.7% of the kernel mass among the 120 farmers stock peanut lots studied. The functional relationship between aflatoxin in LSK taken from 2-kg test samples and the aflatoxin in farmers stock peanut lots was determined to be linear with zero intercept and a slope of 0.297. The correlation between aflatoxin in LSK and aflatoxin in the lot was 0.844 which suggests that LSK taken from large test samples can be used to estimate the aflatoxin concentration in a farmer's lot. Using only LSK allows large test samples to be used to estimate the lot concentration since LSK can be easily screened from a large test sample. If LSK accounts for 7.7% of the lot kernel mass, a 50-kg sample will yield about 3.9 kg of LSK which can be easily prepared for aflatoxin analysis. Increasing the test sample size from 2 to 50 kg reduced the coefficient of variation associated with estimating a lot with 100 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin from 114 to 23%, respectively. As an example, a farmers stock aflatoxin sampling plan with dual tolerances (10 and 100 ppb) that classified lots into three categories was evaluated for two test sample sizes (2 and 50 kg). The effect of increasing test sample size from 2 to 50 kg on the number of lots classified into each of the three categories was demonstrated when measuring aflatoxin only in LSK.

Factors Affecting Aflatoxin B1 Removal by Flavobacterium aurantiacum

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. LINE ◽  
R. E. BRACKETT
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration

This study was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the removal of aflatoxin B1 by Flavobacterium aurantiacum NRRL B-184. A simple spectrophotometric procedure was evaluated and compared to an established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and found to be useful for determining aflatoxin concentration in test solutions of phosphate buffer. Using the spectrophotometric method, 72-h cultures of F. aurantiacum were observed to remove more toxin from solution than 24-h cultures. Likewise, populations of 1010cells removed aflatoxin at a faster rate than did 109 cells, although the total amount removed did not differ. Transferring F. aurantiacum cultures in tryptic soy broth every 3 days for over 3 days for over 8 months had no apparent effect on their ability to remove measurable amounts of aflatoxin B1 from solution. Populations of 1 × 109 CFU/ml or less heat-inactivated F. aurantiacum were unable to remove aflatoxin B1 from phosphate buffer.

scholarly journals Sample size for estimating mean and coefficient of variation in species of crotalarias

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 1705-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS TOEBE ◽  
LETÍCIA N. MACHADO ◽  
FRANCIELI L. TARTAGLIA ◽  
JULIANA O. DE CARVALHO ◽  
CIRINEU T. BANDEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation

A variable sample size run sum coefficient of variation chart

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Chung Yeong ◽  
Yen Yoon Tan ◽  
Sok Li Lim ◽  
Khai Wah Khaw ◽  
Michael Boon Chong Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Variable Sample Size

Rapid Method for Quantitative Determination of Propoxyphene in Serum by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Evenson ◽  
Susan Koellner
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Pool ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Abstract Rapid, accurate, and precise gas-chromatographic methods are reported for measurement of propoxyphene ("Darvon") in serum. A sample of 5 ml of serum is required for quantitation in blood after a therapeutic dose of 130-195 mg of propoxyphene; in cases of overdose of propoxyphene, only 1 ml of serum is required in a "toxic method" variation. Neither serum from healthy controls or from hospitalized patients contains interfering substances. Several commonly used analgesic and sedative drugs, added to a serum pool, also did not interfere. Day-to-day precision of the therapeutic method, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV), is 7%; the CV for the method as applied to overdose cases is less than 3%. Propoxyphene added to serum could be about 86% accounted for analytically.

Collaborative Study of the Extraction of Plant Sterols from Adulterated Butter Oil Using a Digitonin-impregnated Celite Column

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
Denis E Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Rapid Screening Method

Abstract A rapid screening method for the analysis of the phytosterol, β-sitosterol, in butter oil adulterated with vegetable oil has been studied collaboratively. The sterols are removed from the adulterated butter oil by passing the sample through a digitonin-impregnated Celite 545 column, eluting the sterols with dimethyl sulfoxide, and analyzing the eluate for β-sitosterol by gas-liquid chromatography using a 3% JXR column. The average coefficient of variation for those samples containing more than 4 mg β-sitosterol/100 g adulterated butter oil is 12.6%. Therefore, β-sitosterol can be used as an index to qualitatively detect vegetable oil adulteration of butter oil.

Modified Automated Determination of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Whole Blood

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract A modification is described of the automated determination of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in blood [Grisolia, S., et al., Anal. Biochem. 31, 235 (1969)]. Modifications in the manifold result in a sensitive, noise-free, rapid system and the modifications in the preparations of the reagents ensure stability of the diluted standards and blood samples for at least three weeks. Samples are run at the rate of 60/h and sample size can be as small as 5 µl of whole blood. The coefficient of variation of the overall determination of automated DPG and manual hemoglobin is 3.6% and the SD is ±0.77 µmol/g Hb. The normal range is 14.6 ± 2.2 (SD) µmol/g hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Inspection Strategy under Indeterminacy Based on Neutrosophic Coefficient of Variation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Mansour Sattam Aldosari
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Interval Method ◽  
Inspection Strategy ◽  
Classical Statistics

The existing sampling plans which use the coefficient of variation (CV) are designed under classical statistics. These available sampling plans cannot be used for sentencing if the sample or the population has indeterminate, imprecise, unknown, incomplete or uncertain data. In this paper, we introduce the neutrosophic coefficient of variation (NCV) first. We design a sampling plan based on the NCV. The neutrosophic operating characteristic (NOC) function is then given and used to determine the neutrosophic plan parameters under some constraints. The neutrosophic plan parameters such as neutrosophic sample size and neutrosophic acceptance number are determined through the neutrosophic optimization solution. We compare the efficiency of the proposed plan under the neutrosophic statistical interval method with the sampling plan under classical statistics. A real example which has indeterminate data is given to illustrate the proposed plan.

A Method for the Analysis of Total Nitrogen in Natural Waters

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kalff ◽  
E. Bentzen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Persulfate Oxidation ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

This method for analyzing total nitrogen (TN) in freshwaters is based on the persulfate oxidation of nitrogen to nitrate, followed by the analysis of this nitrate by a modified version of the sodium salicylate method. The method is simpler than other reported techniques for TN in oligotrophy and mesotrophic waters and requires equipment readily available in most laboratories. The method is linear to 1000 μg N/L, with the range extendable by changing the sample size. The variability is lowest (coefficient of variation 6.6%) between 100 and 1000 μg N/L. We have successfully used the method for the determination of TN, as well as dissolved nitrogen (DN) on filtered samples and nitrate on nonoxidized samples.

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