scholarly journals Comparison of Automated and Traditional Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Procedures for Microbiological Cosmetic Preservatives

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa E Lenczewski ◽  
Sean T McGavin ◽  
Karl Vandyke
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Redox Indicator ◽  
Tetrazolium Violet ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Abstract Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is used to test resistance of microorganisms against antibiotics and to test cosmetic preservatives. This research expanded traditional MIC with automation and application of colorimetric endpoint MIC. All experiments included common cosmetic preservatives and microorganisms used in testing preservative efficacy. An autodilutor using three 96-well microliter plates processed 6 preservatives against 1 microorganism in 15 min. The unique tip design made it possible to accurately deliver viscous test materials that cannot be dispensed accurately with vacuum or fluid-filled systems. Tetrazolium violet, a redox indicator, provided a visual color change from clear to purple at the MIC. Optimum concentration of tetrazolium violet was 0.01 % with addition of 0.2% glucose to Mueller-Hinton broth for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The colorimetric endpoint was evident after 24 h from previously cryogenically stored organisms that were thawed before use and after 4 h for 18–24 h broth cultures subcultured from agar plates. The autodilutor accurately pipetted viscous cosmetic products such as hand lotion and shampoo, which cannot be pipetted with a traditional micropipetter.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Some Derivatives of 1,4-Dihydropyridines

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabha Mehta ◽  
Prabha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aromatic Aldehyde ◽  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Hantzsch reported the synthesis of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines via three-component condensation of an aromatic aldehyde, ketoester, and ammonium hydroxide. This multicomponent reaction is of much importance due to excellent pharmacological properties of dihydropyridines. In this account, we synthesized some halo- and nitrophenyl dihydropyridines and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution technique in Mueller Hinton broth. The MICs were recorded after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. These results showed that these compounds exhibited significant to moderate activities against both Gram-(+) and Gram-(−) organisms.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Derivatives of 5-Substituted Indole Dihydropyrimidines

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. C. Heda ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
C. Pareek ◽  
P. B. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

P. Biginelli reported the synthesis of functionalized 3, 4 dihydropyrimidine-2 (1H)-ones via three component condensation of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethylacetoacetate. This multicomponent reaction is of much importance due to excellent pharmacological properties of dihydropyrimidines. In this account, we synthesized some halo substituted indole dihydropyrimidines and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by micro dilution technique in Mueller-Hinton broth. The MICs were recorded after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. These results are promising, showing these compounds are biologically active.

scholarly journals Ceftaroline activity on certain respiratory tract and wound infection agents at the minimum inhibitory concentration level

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keramettin Yanik ◽  
Emin Guluzade ◽  
Kemal Bilgin ◽  
Adil Karadag ◽  
Cafer Eroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Ceftaroline Fosamil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ceftaroline against agents frequently isolated from respiratory tract and wound infections. Methodology: The study included a total of 250 strains isolated from various clinical specimens, among which were Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysagalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catharralis. The bacteria were identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight method and conventional methods. The bacteria’s antibiotic susceptibility was tested using appropriate broth microdilution. Mueller-Hinton broth with 4% lysed horse blood, Haemophilus test medium broth, and Mueller-Hinton broth were used. Ceftaroline fosamil results at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. For quality assurance, E. coli ATCC 35218, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, H. influenzae ATCC 49766, H. influenzae ATCC 10211, and H. influenzae ATCC 49247 standard strains were used. Results: According to CLSI criteria, resistance was not detected in any strains. Due to the absence of CLSI criteria for M. catharralis, the susceptibility state for this bacterium was not evaluated. The various strains’ MIC50–MIC90 values were as follows: for S. pyogenes, 0.015–0.06; for S. agalactiae, 0.03–0.125; for S. dysagalactiae, 0.03–0.06; for S. pneumoniae, 0.06–0.125; for H. influenzae, 0.015–0.125; and for M. catharralis, 0.5–1. Conclusions: The results indicate that ceftaroline is quite effective against bacteria that are frequently isolated from respiratory tract and wound infections.

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) versus Minimum Biofilm Eliminating Concentration (MBEC) in Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Gram-negative Bacilli Causing Peritonitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Sepandj ◽  
Howard Ceri ◽  
Allan Gibb ◽  
Ronald Read ◽  
Merle Olson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Planktonic State

Objective Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eliminating concentration (MBEC) results were compared to determine changes in the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli from the planktonic to the biofilm phase of growth. Methodology The MIC and MBEC assays were conducted on stored isolates obtained from patients presenting with peritoneal dialysis-related gram-negative peritonitis with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas. Results The antibiotic sensitivities of planktonic organisms tested by the MIC assays were significantly higher than the antibiotic sensitivities of the same organisms in their biofilm state, as tested by the MBEC assays. Conclusions In their biofilm state, gram-negative bacteria are much less susceptible to antibiotics compared to their antibiotic susceptibility in the planktonic state.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of kojic acid against five food-related bacteria and related subcellular mechanisms of bacterial inactivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yu-gang Shi ◽  
Lu-yao Zeng ◽  
Ying Pan ◽  
Xin-ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Gram Negative

Although the antimicrobial properties of kojic acid have been recognized, the subcellular mechanism of bacterial inactivation caused by it has never been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of kojic acid was evaluated against five foodborne pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and the time-kill assay. Among them, the susceptibility of Escherichia coli was significant with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 10 and 20 mM, respectively. Subcellular mechanism of bacterial inactivation related to kojic acid was revealed through comprehensive factors including cell morphology, membrane permeability, K+ leakage, zeta potential, intracellular enzyme, and DNA assay. Results demonstrated that bacterial inactivation caused by kojic acid, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, was primarily induced by the pronounced damage to the cell membrane integrity. Leakage of intracellular enzyme to the supernatants implied that the cell membrane permeability was compromised. Consequently, the release of K+ from the cytosol leads to the alterations of the zeta potential of cells, which would disturb the subcellular localization of some proteins and thereby cause the bacterial inactivation. The free −CH2OH group at the C-2 of kojic acid could play more significant role in the antimicrobial performance of kojic acid against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, remarkable interaction with DNA was also observed. Kojic acid at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration inhibited biofilm formation by these bacteria.

scholarly journals ComparativeIn VitroActivities of the Novel Antibacterial Finafloxacin against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Tested in Mueller-Hinton Broth and Synthetic Urine

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1814-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Dalhoff ◽  
Will Stubbings ◽  
Sabine Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Synthetic Urine ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

ABSTRACTKill kinetics and MICs of finafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 34 strains with defined resistance mechanisms grown in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) at pH values of 7.2 and 5.8 and in synthetic urine at pH 5.8 were determined. In general, finafloxacin gained activity at low pH values in CAMHB and remained almost unchanged in artificial urine. Ciprofloxacin MICs increased and bactericidal activity decreased strain dependently in acidic CAMHB and particularly in artificial urine.

scholarly journals Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Of Liquid Smoke Produced from Piper Betle L Against Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Dodi Irwandi ◽  
Ai Emalia Sukmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The betel (Piper betle L) is an herb that has one of the properties, namely as an antibacterial. Several studies have shown green betel leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria. In this study, the antibacterial activity of liquid smoke produced from betel leaf by pyrolysis using a simple pyrolysis reactor was tested. Tests are carried out on 2 types of liquid smoke namely grade 3 which is the first product of the pyrolysis process and grade 2 which is the result of distillation from grade 3. Both types of liquid smoke are prepared into concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% respectively water as a solvent. Two types of bacteria are used, namely Salmonella sp as Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive. The test results show that grade 3 and grade 2 liquid smoke give minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the same concentration of 50% against Salmonella sp and, Staphylococcus aureus at 25%, 75% concentrations, respectively.

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