Profile of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment in Inpatients with Covid-19 History Status at Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital in May 2020-May 2021

Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang menyerang sistem pernafasan. Di tengah-tengah kasus melonjaknya wabah virus Covid-19, pasien TB adalah pasien yang harus lebih mewaspadai diri dari wabah tersebut. GTN (Global Tuberculosis Network) menggambarkan bahwa dari 49 pasien dengan status TB, sekitar 26 pasien menderita TB kemudian terpapar Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Profil Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Paru Pada Pasien Rawat Inap dengan Status Riwayat Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasar Minggu Periode Mei 2020-Mei 2021. Metode penelitian ini adalah analisa deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode retrospektif yaitu dengan mengambil data primer dari rekam medik pasien. Terdapat pasien seluruhnya berjumlah 22 orang. Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki yaitu 12 orang (54,55%). Usia pasien terbanyak adalah >60 tahun dengan jumlah 6 orang (27,27%), dan berat badan pasien terbanyak adalah 38-54 kg dengan jumlah 11 orang (50%). Tipe penderita terbanyak adalah Pasien Baru dengan jumlah 10 orang (45,45%). Kategori pengobatan terbanyak adalah Kategori II dengan jumlah 12 orang (54,54%). Pola KDT kategori 1 paling banyak diresepkan adalah pola 3 tablet 4KDT & 3 tablet 2KDT dan 4 tablet 4KDT & 4 tablet 2KDT memiliki proporsi yang sama yaitu sebanyak 4 peresepan (18,18%). Pola KDT ketogori 2 terbanyak diresepkan adalah 3 tab 4KDT + 750mg streptomisin inj & 3 tab 2KDT + 3 tab ethambutol sebanyak 9 peresepan (40,90%). Obat-obatan untuk pasien Covid-19 yang paling sering diresepkan bersamaan dengan OAT yaitu vitamin dan mineral sebanyak 56 obat-obatan (42,42%).

Sterility Test of Syringes As A Pharmaceutical Preparation That Obtained From Pasar Pramuka

Syringes are one of the pharmaceutical preparations that are in high demand. In healthcare institutions, syringes are used to aid in patient care and examination. Pharmaceutical preparations, such as various syringes, are widely available in the Pasar Pramuka. Syringes must be free from microbes and used syringes should not be reused. Microbiological sterility tests can be performed on a syringe to determine whether it is sterile or not. The purpose of the study is to test the sterility of syringes obtained from the Pasar Pramuka. A random sample of a syringe is being used in the study as an experimental method. The syringes were isolated and incubated for 14 days in Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM) and Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) at 30-35 oC and 20-25 oC, respectively, with frequent observations. If FTM and TSB media were turbid, then isolated into selective media based on their microbe as controls, namely Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 19404, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhi. The results showed that the B syringe was turbid on FTM media and did not contain pathogenic microbes after being identified on selective media, as in controls. The A and C syringes on TSB media were turbid, and after identification on selective media, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis were found. In conclusion, the A, B, and C syringes are not steril.

Review Article: The Effectiveness of Avocado Seed Starch (Persea Americana Mill) As An Excipients in Tablets Formulation

Avocado consists of pericarp (husk), mesocarp (flesh), and endocarp (seed). In avocado seeds there is a fairly high starch content, which is around 80.1% with amylose content of 43.3% and amylopectin of 36.8%. Starch is defined as a natural polymer consisting of a structure composed of amylopectin and another structure called amylose. Amylose content has properties that are easy to absorb water and amylose content can have excellent swelling power in the tablet crushing process. This allows avocado seeds as an alternative source of starch which can be an excipient in tablets. The research explored the effectiveness of avocado seed starch (Persea americana Mill) as an excipient in tablet formulations based on research that has been done. The method of the research is using secondary data obtained from literature studies, which were analyzed by bibliographic annotation by searching and analyzing data related to the effectiveness of avocado seed starch as an excipient. The data collection technique in this research is in the form of a review of published scientific journals, national and international journals. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of avocado seed starch showed that avocado seed was able to become an excipient. Several studies also showed that avocado seed starch used as a disintegrant and binder in tablet formulations had an optimum concentration of 10%. In addition, avocado seed starch can also be used as an active substance in tablets.

Simplicia Characterization And Phytochemical Screening Of Secondary Metabolite Compounds Ethanol Extract Of Trembesi Leaves (Samanea saman)

Trembesi plant (Samanea saman) is a plant that has the potential as traditional medicine. People in using medicinal plants often do not know the chemical content of these plants, so that in determining the amount of dosage, people only rely on experience and estimates. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of trembesi leaf simplicia including specific and non-specific characteristics. The research is carried out in the form of experiments in the laboratory. The sample used is trembesi leaves. The research stages started from discovery, making simplicia, extraction, specific and non-specific characteristics. In the phytochemical test, ethanol extract of trembesi leaves was used. Data analysis used is descriptive method. Specific results showed trembesi leaf simplicia has a coarse powder form, distinctive odor, tasteless, green in color, and on microscopic results of trembesi leaf simplicia powder there is starch, fragments in the form of epidermis, water soluble extract content 11.93%, ethanol soluble essence 18, 93% and contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins. The results of non-specific characteristics are 8.07% water content, 7.91% ash content and 0.29% acid insoluble ash content.

Isi Piringku Dietary Meal Proportion Estimator Applications using SeeFood Image Segmentations

Isi Piringku atau My Meal Dish Content was a program initiated by the Indonesian ministry of health to promote a healthy daily lifestyle consisting of balanced dietary, enough hydration, active lifestyle, cleanliness and body weight control. The balanced diet meal was supposed to consist of ⅓ of carbohydrate intake, ⅓ of vegetable intake, ⅙ of fruit intake and ⅙ of protein intake every time. This introduces some difficulty that every meal must be measured to align with the dietary guidelines. This study targets estimating the meal diet proportion by its visual cues using smartphone application. While the actual meal content dietary division was weight based, for sake of simplicity the proportion in this study was estimated by each food area which roughly correlates to its volume. Using smartphone cameras in Android 9 Operating Systems and Tensorflow Lite Seefoods: Mobile Food Segmentation v1.0 module, an application was built to help users estimate their meal balances proportion. The original segmentation criterion was constructed using USDA dietary guidelines and it was reduced to only 4 food groups related to Isi Piringku criterion. Suggestion will be given regarding the segmentation result. The result was that the application was capable of estimating the meal diet proportion and giving suggestions based on the segmentation result. Although, the volume of the meal food groups estimated was still low on accuracy. This was correlated with the accuracy level of the segmentation module that was used. On average, the time needed to apply the segmentation process was around 2 to 3 seconds on a Snapdragon 835 device.

The Effect Of Heating Acrylic Resin Of Various Types With Different Temperatures On Impact Strength

Resin polymerization which is affected by unstable temperature causes the resin to break easily. The strength of the base material is affected by the forces acting in the mouth, such as transverse forces, other resistance or fatigue, and flexibility. Fracture of denture caused by masticatory loads and is affected by forces acting in the mouth, including transverse, resistance or fatigue, and flexural forces. Experimental Laboratory total of 72 samples consisting of 18 samples of type A, B and C cured at normal temperature, 100oC, 200oC, and 300oC. Types A, B and C have the effect of heating with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of acrylic resin, because the value of sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected. An effect with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of the resin types A, B and C, because sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, which means that the average results are significantly different due to differences in temperature.

The Relationship Of Energy Intake, Protein, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C With The Nutritional Status Of Lung Tuberculosis Patients In The Kemuning Room, Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu In 2020

Penurunan berat badan dan nafsu makan seringkali terjadi pada pasien TB paru. Determinan penyakit TB paru salah satunya infeksi dan status gizi.Pasien TB paru mengalami penurunan status gizi disebabkan tingkat perilaku terhadap makanan dan kesehatan, khususnya kecukupan energi dan protein. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi, protein, vitamin B6, vitamin C dengan status gizi pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di RSUD Dr M Yunus Bengkulu tahun 2020. Metode penelitian merupakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 35 pasien. Pengumpulan data asupan zat gizi dengan metode semi food frequency quesitonaire (FFQ) dan recall 1x24 jam. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji spearman corelation. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata asupan energi, protein, vitamin B6, dan vitamin C kategori kurang dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG). Terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi dan status gizi, tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan protein dan status gizi, tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin B6 dengan status gizi, tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin C dan status gizi. Diharapkan kepada pasien TB paru dapat meningkatkan asupan energi dari sumber karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak agar terhindar dari kekurangan gizi.

An Overview Knowledge and Usage of Herbal Medicines during The COVID-19 Pandemic by Students of Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II

COVID-19 has now become a global health problem. In Indonesia, there are 828.026 confirmed cases as of January 10, 2021.(1) To deal with this current situation, prevention efforts are needed. One of them increases endurance by using herbal remedies. In addition to having been used for generations, several studies have shown that herbal medicines have the potential to increase endurance.The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and usage of herbal medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study using the purposive sampling method with one hundred respondents. Data were collected based on primary data using a google form questionnaire with univariate analysis. On Preliminary results are Most of respondents had pretty good knowledge in forty eight point eight percent, and jamu on sixty nine point five percent as the herbal medicine of choice, when pharmacies to get herbal medicines. Moreover, the implications are the knowledge of using herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic is good and Jamu is the most used herbal medicine based of the types. This research will be continued with more samples to better represent the conclusions. Keywords: Knowledge, Usage, Herbal Medicines

DIFFERENCES OF CULEX SPP AND AEDES SPP LARVAE MORTALITY RATES ON THE USE OF THEMEFOS

Eradication of the mosquito vectors that cause several diseases is still being carried out today where methods are still being developed. This research aims to identify the mortality rate of Culex spp. and Aedes spp. larvae for the use themefos or abate with sowed and wrapped of filter paper. The author uses quasi-experimental to observe that mortality. The design was devided into two groups, giving themepos/abate with a national dose of (1gr/10 liters of water) in 24 hours with threatment sowed and wrapped of filter paper through the analysis of varians/annova test to observe the varians of the time of mortality of Culex spp. and Aedes spp. larvae as well as probit analysis to see the probability of time of the larvae’s death.The result of this research is no defference in the mortality of Culex spp. and Aedes spp. larvae for the uses of themefos/abate with sowed and wrapped of filter paper. The authors suggestion is giving themefos or abate by wrapping filter paper preverably for larvae in a stagnant water such as Aedes spp larvae because it does not provide residual granules in water reservoirs used for human activities while the used of themepos/abate with sowed can also be used for a stagnant water or has a small discharge.

THE IMPACT OF COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR ON THE PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 TRANSMISSION : LITERATURE REVIEW

Sejak awal tahun 2020, Indonesia bahkan dunia telah disibukkan dengan adanya wabah virus baru yang menjadi pandemik saat ini yaitu Coronavirus Disease 19. Angka kasusnya senantiasa menunjukkan angka yang terus bertambah. Segala bentuk upaya penanganan dan pencegahan telah dilakukan baik oleh pemerintah dengan membuat kebijakan maupun oleh masyarakat dengan mentaati protokol kesehatan. Akan tetapi perilaku masyarakat yang justru sebagai garda terdepan dalam memutus mata rantai penularan virus ini dianggap belum optimal dalam pencegahan penularan, dibuktikan dengan masih bertambahnya angka kasus baru setiap hari. Penulis tertarik untuk melakukan review terhadap artikel yang telah terbit yang menyatakan bahwa perilaku masyarakat dalam mematuhi protokol kesehatan memberikan dampak terhadap pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan mengumpulkan artikel sesuai yang didapat dari database Proquest dan ScienceDirect pada tahun 2020. Hasil review ini menunjukan bahwa tindakan menjaga jarak dalam bentuk lockdown dengan berbagai bentuk dimulai dari bekerja dari rumah sampai pembatasan kerumunan, semuanya terbukti efektif dalam menekan penularan virus. Menggunakan masker juga dapat meratakan kurva epidemi kasus positif. Sementara tindakan pelacakan kontak dan karantina merupakan kombinasi strategi yang mungkin efektif dalam memperlambat penyebaran virus. Intervensi perilaku masyarakat terhadap pencegahan penularan Covid-19 memberikan angka penurunan kasus yang cukup besar dan signifikan.