scholarly journals Pesticide Residues on Fruits and Vegetables from Ontario, Canada, 1991–1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Ripley ◽  
Linda I Lissemore ◽  
Pamela D Leishman ◽  
Mary Anne Denommé ◽  
Leonard Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Data Program ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Abstract For the 5-year period 1991 to 1995, 1536 vegetable and 802 fruit samples were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine if pesticides were present on Ontario-produced fruits and vegetables, and if so, to determine if residues violated maximum residue limits (MRLs). Overall, 31.5% of the samples had no detectable pesticide residues, whereas 68.5% contained one or more residues. Most of the residues were present at very low concentrations; 48% of the detections were <0.1 parts per million (ppm), and 86% were <1 ppm. However, violations of MRL were observed in only 3.2% of the vegetable samples and 3.1% of the fruit samples. In addition, 4.8% of the samples contained a “technical” violation, that is, there was no specified MRL for the pesticide–commodity combination and the residues exceeded 0.1 ppm. Of the detectable residues, 63% were <10% of the MRL, whereas 89% were <50% of the MRL. More fruit samples (91.4%) had a detectable residue, compared with vegetable samples (56.6%). Fruit is often treated close to harvest or post harvest to ensure that wholesome produce reaches the consumer. Forty-six percent of the samples contained 2 or more residues, and 2% of all samples had more than 5 different pesticides detected; fruit samples tended to have more multiple residues. The most frequently found pesticides were captan, the dithiocarbamate fungicides, endosulfan, azinphos-methyl, phosmet, parathion, and iprodione. These pesticides were also used in the greatest quantity for crop production. Overall, the data agree fairly closely with those reported for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program because the 2 programs have similar analytical goals and objectives.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment Through the Detection of Organochlorine Pesticides in Vegetables and Fruits from Dhaka, Bangladesh by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. M. Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Anuj Kumer Das ◽  
Mohammed A. Satter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract This study investigated the levels of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in vegetables and fruits from local markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and analyzed the possible health risks of peoples through consumption of those fruits and vegetables. A total of 100 vegetables and 100 fruits samples were analyzed and 45% of vegetable samples and 40% of fruit samples were found to be contaminated with OCPs residues. Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Cis-Chordane, p,p-DDT, Endrin, α-Endosulfan and Lindane-I were detected in vegetable samples while Aldrin, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, α-Endosulfan and Lindane-I were detected in fruit samples. The HI values of Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Cis-Chordane, p,p-DDT, Endrin, α-Endosulfan and Lindane-I in vegetables were 0.109, 0.006, 0.396, 0.008, 0.153, 0.882 and 0.019 respectively while HI values of Aldrin, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, α-Endosulfan and Lindane-I in fruit samples were 0.0155, 0.0005, 0.0002, 0.0339, 0.0019 respectively. The average concentration of detected OCPs residues were below the FAO’s recommended maximum residue limits (MRL). It is therefore concluded that, even though OCPs residues are within the maximum tolerance range but continuous accumulation in consumer body through consumption of such vegetables and fruits may lead to chronic effects that could be fatal.

DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DITHIOCARBAMATE RESIDUES, EXPRESSED AS CS2 IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY GC-ECD

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGOC VINH NGUYEN ◽  
THE TAN LE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Electron Capture Detector ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Vegetable Samples

This report presents the development of analytical method for determination of dithiocarbamat fungicides (DTCs) residues in vegetables through CS2 using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Research results show that the method recovery ranges from 84.9 – 98.7% and meets the requirement for pesticide residues analyzing. This method has also been applied for analyzing 12 vegetable samples collected in Tan Dinh and Thi Nghe markets. The results showed that the majority of DTCs levels of these samples are lower LOD value except sample BC2 (0.08 mg/g) and sample X3 (0.11 mg/g).

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE HORTALIÇAS E FRUTAS MINIMAMENTE PROCESSADAS COMERCIALIZADAS EM FORTALEZA (CE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA MARIA BRUNO ◽  
ANA AMÉLIA MARTINS DE QUEIROZ ◽  
ANA PAULA COLARES DE ANDRADE ◽  
NATÁLIA MOURA DE VASCONCELOS ◽  
MARIA DE FÁTIMA BORGES
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

Avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica de 15 amostras de hortaliças/tubérculos e de 15 amostras de frutas minimamente processadas, comercializadas em Fortaleza (CE). Foram realizadas análises de coliformes fecais e totais, pesquisa de Salmonella sp., contagem total de bolores e leveduras, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem total de psicrotróficos. Detectou-se a presença de Salmonella em 66,6% das amostras de hortaliças/tubérculos e em 26% das de frutas. Foi verificado que 13,3% das amostras de hortaliças/ tubérculos apresentaram contagem de coliformes fecais acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Contagens elevadas de coliformes totais, de bolores e leveduras e de psicrotróficos também foram encontradas em ambos os produtos, indicando condições inadequadas de higiene durante o processamento, comprometendo seu armazenamento e sua qualidade microbiológica. MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS MINIMALLY PROCESSED MARKETED IN FORTALEZA (CE) Abstract The microbiological quality of 15 vegetables and 15 fruits minimally processed samples marketed in Fortaleza - CE (Brazil) was evaluated. The following analyses were carried out: total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp., total yeasts and moulds count, coagulase positive Staphylococcus count and total psychrotrophics count. Salmonella was detected in 66.6% of vegetable samples and 26% of fruit samples. Fecal coliforms count higher than legislation limit, it was verified in 13.3% of vegetable samples. High counts of total coliforms, yeasts and moulds and psychrotrophics were also found on both products, showing inadequate hygiene conditions during manufacturing, affecting storage and microbiological quality of minimally processed fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Multiple Pesticide Residues Found in Vegetables and Fruits from Rural and Urban Markets in Upper Northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippawan Prapamontol ◽  
◽  
Surat Hongsibsong ◽  
Warangkana Naksen ◽  
Tanyaporn Kerdnoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Multiple pesticides are used in vegetable and fruit cultivation worldwide, including in Thailand. A survey series on pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples sourced from markets in urban and rural areas of upper northern Thailand during 2007–2013. Sixteen different vegetables (n = 412) and 11 different fruits (n = 301) were analyzed for 43 pesticide residues including 20 organophosphates (OP), 6 synthetic pyrethroids, 12 carbamates, 2 abamectins, imidacloprid, dithiocarbamates, and carbendazim. Out of the 412 vegetable samples, 235 (57%) had pesticide residues and 185 (45%) had pesticide residues that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). For the fruit samples, 245 (81%) of the 301 samples had pesticide residues and 165 (55%) had pesticide residues that exceeded the MRLs. The vegetable and the fruit samples had multiple synthetic pyrethroid residues and higher levels of residues than OP and other pesticides. Among the OP pesticides, chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide. Residue detection in the rural samples was higher than that in the urban samples. The present study found very high numbers of samples to be above the MRLs: 45% of the vegetable samples and 55% of the fruit samples. Therefore, multi-residue methods are proposed as a regular monitoring system to ensure coverage of the multiple pesticides that are commonly used in agriculture and secure the national food safety policy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health Risk due to Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, Soil, and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nikhat Khan ◽  
Ghazala Yaqub ◽  
Tahreem Hafeez ◽  
Madiha Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Soil And Water

The present study was conducted to assess the contamination and health risk due to the presence of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. A total of six vegetable samples, 3 fruit samples, 7 soil samples, and 6 water samples were collected from three different sampling points. High-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile and water solvent system was employed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. The pesticides having the highest health risk in vegetables were Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole as their health risk index was found to be exceeding the cut off value of 1. Imidacloprid was found in all vegetable samples but had no associated health risk, as all the health risk indices for imidacloprid were below the cut off value of 1. The pesticide Glyphosate detected in only one sample had no health risk associated with it. Health risks in fruits were the highest for Amamectin, Bifenthrin, and Difenoconazole and were crossing the threshold limit of 1. The results reveal the health risk indices of Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole range from 7.8 to 12.46 in vegetables and from 2.704 to 30.454 in fruits, hence, posing a serious threat to human health. Amamectin, although detected in only fruit and water samples, had the highest health risk of 30.454. Imidacloprid and Glyphosate found in every fruit sample had no associated health risk. The results revealed the presence of pesticides in water, soil, fruit, and vegetable samples. Consumers utilizing these vegetables and fruits are under potential health risks due to the presence of pesticides in soil and water. Practical Applications. In this study, an analytical method for detecting pesticides in a variety of environmental matrices including fruits, vegetables, water, and the soil is presented and the health risk associated with the presence of pesticides in a wide range of fruits and vegetables is assessed. It is highly significant because in developing countries agricultural activities contribute majorly toward the total gross domestic product and pesticides are extensively used to control, prevent, devastate, and diminish any harmful pest that destroys crops.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables During 1996

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Ashraf M El-Marsafy
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits

Abstract Samples of the most common fruits and vegetables were collected from 8 local markets in 6 governorates. These 1579 samples were analyzed for residues of 53 pesticides, which included organophosphorus and organonitrogen compounds and some synthetic pyrethroids. Samples were also analyzed for residues of organochlorine pesticides, although they had been prohibited from use several years ago. Only 510 of the 1579 samples were analyzed for dithiocarbamate pesticide residues, which were determined as CS2. Overall, 76.1% of the total analyzed samples had no detectable residues, 23.9% contained detectable residues, and 2.59% contained residues that exceeded maximum residue limits. For individual crops, contaminated samples ranged from 0 to 96% of the number of samples analyzed. However, the highest violative percentage for samples of individual crops was 12.5. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, dimethoate, bromopropylate, and profenofos were the violative pesticides determined in fruit and vegetable samples. The results of the current study demonstrated that no restricted or banned pesticides such as DDT, HCH, and their isomers were found in any of the samples analyzed. Dithiocarbamate residues were detected in 9.4% of the 510 samples analyzed, with a violative percentage of 0.39, representing one grape sample and one peach sample.

scholarly journals Modelling of Health Risk Associated with the Intake of Pesticides from Romanian Fruits and Vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10035
Author(s):  
Mariana Minuț ◽  
Mihaela Roșca ◽  
Raluca-Maria Hlihor ◽  
Petronela Cozma ◽  
Maria Gavrilescu
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
German Children

This study is focused on the assessment of risks caused by pesticide residues to Romanian and other European populations, by modelling the acute and chronic risks considering short- and long-term exposures to pesticide residues in specific fruits and vegetables from different Romanian regions. Data were obtained from the Romanian 2016 official monitoring programme. For assessing the dietary risk, we used the Pesticide Residue Intake model—PRIMo. According to the official data, it was found that 50.44% of fruit samples and 28.25% of vegetable samples were contaminated with pesticides. Our study focused on acute risks and chronic risks (in a maximalist worst-case scenario) posed by pesticide residues in strawberries, apples, lettuce and potatoes, given both their high degree of consumption and contamination with pesticides. The short-term exposure assessment of children’s health due to consumption of apples, lettuce and potatoes contaminated with dimethoate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim, revealed exposure levels higher than the acute reference dose (ARfD, as 100%), raising acute risks. On the other hand, the long-term exposure assessment showed that the highest percentage from the acceptable daily intake (ADI, as 100%) was obtained for German children (DE child) (273.9%), followed by Netherlands children (NL child) (143.7%) diets, based on consumption of apples with dimethoate residues. Therefore, serious measures are needed for banning pesticides such as dimethoate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim from all countries in the EU. This would reduce the health risks generated by the consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Commonly Used Fruits and Vegetables in Bengaluru

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Sunaja Devi ◽  
Mary Leethya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to evaluate the level of different pesticides in some commonly used fruits in Bengaluru region of Karnataka. Although most fruits and vegetable samples analyzed were found to be contaminated with pesticide residues,  they were under maximum residue limit (MRL) after the salted water wash. Samples with residues above MRL may pose health hazards to the consumers. It may be due to lack of awareness of the farmers about the application dose, method of application and withholding period. The findings of this study provide important data about contamination of pesticide residue in some fruits and vegetables sold in Bengaluru.

scholarly journals Determination of Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fruits, Vegetables, Groundwater, and Soil Samples of the Cement Industry and Nearby Communities and Assessment of Associated Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ghazala Yaqub ◽  
Arooj Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zishan Ahmad ◽  
Umadia Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples

This study was conducted to estimate the heavy metal pollution in groundwater, soil, fruits, and vegetables within the cement industry and its vicinity. Seven different fruits and vegetables and seven heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, and Mn) were selected for analysis in soil, groundwater, fruit, and vegetable samples by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results of this study were compared with the National and International Standards of Pak NSWQD, WHO, and USEPA. The pH of soil and groundwater samples was within limits (WHO and Pak NSDWQ standards are 6.5–8.5). The concentration of Cr and Cu in groundwater samples was above the WHO and Pak NSDWQ standards (Cr = 0.05 ppm; Cu = 2 ppm). Vegetable samples were contaminated with metals except for Ni and Mn, whereas, in fruit samples, Mn and Cd were not present (WHO limit for Mn = 5 ppm). The mean concentration of Ni was high in fruits (WHO limit = 10 ppm), Zn was high in vegetables (WHO limit = 100 ppm), and Cu was high in soil and groundwater (WHO limit for soil = 36 ppm; for groundwater = 2 ppm). The results of daily intake of metals (DIM) for fruits, vegetables, and groundwater were compared with TDI by USEPA and PTDI of the WHO/FAO, and all were within the recommended limits. Calculated BAF for the selected environmental sample, that is, Indian Squash, lime fruit, and so on, was in order of Co > Cr > Cu and THQ; HRI was calculated to estimate the human health risk, and they were in a trend of Ni > Co > Cd > Cr and for HRI Co > Cr.

scholarly journals Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables in 1995

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Ashraf M El-Marsafy ◽  
Safaa M Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Codex Committee ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Abstract Organophosphorus, dithiocarbamates, and some synthetic pyrethroids pesticides, which are commonly used in Egypt for pest control, were monitored, as well as persistent organochlorines, which had been prohibited from use several years ago. Fruit and vegetable samples (397) were collected from 8 local markets and examined for 52 pesticides. Of all analyzed samples, 42.8% contained detectable residues, of which 1.76% exceeded their maximum residue limits (MRLs). The rates of contamination with the different pesticides were 0-86%. However, violation rates among contaminated products were very low, ranging from 0 to 4.6%. In general, organochlorine pesticide residues were not detected in most samples. Dithiocarbamate residues were found in 70.4% of 98 samples analyzed for dithiocarbamates, but only one grape sample had residues exceeding the MRL established by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.

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