scholarly journals Determination of Processed Animal Proteins, Including Meat and Bone Meal, in Animal Feed

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giséile Gizzi ◽  
Christoph von Holst ◽  
Vincent Baeten ◽  
Gilbert Berben ◽  
Leo van Raamsdonk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Abstract An intercomparison study was conducted to determine the presence of processed animal proteins (PAPs), including meat and bone meal (MBM) from various species, in animal feed. The performances of different methods, such as microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassays, and a protocol based on iquid chromatography (LC), were compared. Laboratories were asked to analyze for PAPs from all terrestrial animals and fish (total PAPs); mammalian PAPs; ruminant PAPs; and porcine PAPs. They were free to use their method of choice. In addition, laboratories using microscopy were asked to determine the presence of PAPs from terrestrial animals, which is applicable only to microscopy. For total PAPs microscopy, LC and some immunoassays showed sufficient results at a concentration as low as 0.1% MBM in the feed. In contrast, PCR was not fit for purpose. In differentiating between MBM from terrestrial animals and fishmeal, microscopy detected 0.5% of terrestrial MBM in feed in the presence of 5% fishmeal, but was less successful when the concentration of MBM from terrestrial animals was 0.1%. The animal-specific determination of MBM from mammals or, more specifically from either ruminants or pigs, by PCR showed poor results, as indicated by a high number of false-positive and false-negative results. The only PCR method that scored quite well was applied by a member of the organizer team of the study. Immunoassays scored much better than PCR, showing sufficient sensitivity but some deficiency in terms of specificity. The results also demonstrated that the reliable determination of MBM from ruminants has not been resolved, especially for low concentrations of MBM (0.1%) in feed. Comparison of the results for mammalian MBM from all methods indicated that, for control purposes, the immunoassay method, especially when applied as dipsticks, could be used as a rapid screening method combined with microscopy to confirm the positive samples. However, implementation of such a system would require that the immunoassays were previously validated to demonstrate that this approach is fit for purpose. The determination of ruminant or porcine PAPs by immunoassays was more difficult, partly because the MBM in this study contained about 50% bovine and porcine material, thereby reducing the target concentration level to 0.05%.

Comparison between VIDAS Automatic Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Immunoassay and Culture Method for Salmonella Recovery from Pork Carcass Sponge Samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUANG-SHENG YEH ◽  
CHIN-EN TSAI ◽  
SHIH-PING CHEN ◽  
CHAO-WEI LIAO
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Potential Alternative

VIDAS Salmonella (VIDAS-SLM) is an automated system that uses the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay method to detect Salmonella species. This study evaluated the efficacy of the VIDAS-SLM method in detecting Salmonella species in pork carcass sponge samples gathered from 10 slaughter plants in Taiwan. Two hundred fifty-seven pork carcass sponge samples were screened by the VIDAS-SLM method and by the culture method in parallel. While 18 sponge samples were found to test positive by both methods, the VIDAS-SLM method detected four additional positive samples for which the culture method failed to recover Salmonella. The specificity of the VIDAS-SLM method was found to be 0.98, and its sensitivity was 1.0, since no false-negative results occurred. Artificially inoculated Salmonella at concentrations as low as 5.0 × 100 CFU/ml was detected in the heat-inactivated sponge sample in the presence or absence of 5.0 × 104 CFU of Citrobacter freundii per ml. Thus, the VIDAS-SLM method is a rapid screening method and a potential alternative to the time- and labor-intensive culture method.

scholarly journals Application of the AhR reporter gene assay for the determination of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in feed samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Piskorska-Pliszczyńska ◽  
Paweł Małagocki ◽  
Beata Furga ◽  
Magdalena Gembal ◽  
Joanna Cebulska
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Gene Assay

AbstractIntroduction: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) belong to a well-known group of pollutants. Present in feedstuffs, they bioaccumulate in tissues of food-producing animals. Food is the source of over 90% of human PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs intake. Thus, feed control is one of the pillars of the EU strategy and a mean of reducing human exposure. The article presents AhR based reporter gene bioassay method for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs analysis in feed and its validation results.Material and Methods: Analytes were extracted from samples with fat. Subsequently, fat and other interferences were removed from extract using sulphuric acid modified silica. Extract was further cleaned and PCDD/Fs separated from DL-PCBs using carbon column. Contaminants detection was performed using H1L6.1c3 cell line, which produces luciferase in response to AhR ligands present in extract.Results: Performance characteristics (repeatability, reproducibility, and apparent recovery) fulfil the requirements of Regulation 2017/771/EU. The positive correlation between bioassay and reference HRGC-HRMS method was confirmed. Moreover, the role of screening method used in connection with the confirmatory HRGC-HRMS method in providing feed and food safety has been discussed.Conclusion: Bioassay is a useful method for dioxin and DL-PCBs analysis, allowing cost reduction of monitoring programmes with minimal risk of false negative results.

Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes in a Pediatric Outpatient Department: A Practical System Designed for Rapid Results and Resident Teaching

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Katherine Sprunt ◽  
Dorothea Vail ◽  
Russell S. Asnes
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Resident Teaching ◽  
Antibody Uptake ◽  
Busy Clinic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Tool

A rapid screening method for identification of clinic patients with pharyngitis who are carrying group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and for teaching residents the values and limitations of the culture-disk approach to identification has been reviewed as developed for a busy clinic and a busy hospital laboratory. Identification of positive cultures in less than 24 hours, using Taxos A disk and specific fluorescent antibody uptake, resulted in 12% apparent false-positive and 3.6% false-negative reports. However, when viewed in the light of the techniques used for verifying results, there were probably 3% false-positive and 3% false-negative reports. The screening method is considered acceptably reliable and practical as a laboratory tool and a resident teaching device.

Response of breeding sows to long term dietary supplementation with folic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
P.J.A. Sheehy
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Dietary supplementation with folic acid has been shown to improve reproductive performance in sows (Lindemann 1993). However most studies have been for one cycle only and few have examined the effect of supplementation over several parities.One hundred and thirty four crossbred sows ranging in parity from 2 to 4 were selected at farrowing and randomly allocated to two dietary treatments of low and high supplemental folic acid (0 and 10 g per tonne, Roche Products Ltd.). Treatments were applied for the following three lactations and post weaning periods, two full pregnancies and to day 30 of the pregnancy following the third lactation. The diet fed contained barley, wheat, soyabean meal and meat and bone meal with nutrient levels of 14.0 MJ DE/kg and 1.02% lysine. Sows were individually penned throughout with restricted feeding in pregnancy (2.2 kg/day increasing to 2.5 kg/day in the final month), and ad libitum in lactation (approx 5.0 kg/day) and post weaning (approx 3.4 kg/day). Blood samples for determination of plasma and red cell folate were taken from 14 sows per treatment on days 4, 50 and 110 of one cycle. These were determined by a microbiological assay (modification of methods of Scott et al 1974 and Wilson and Home 1982).

A high‐throughput screening method for determination of multi‐antibiotics in animal feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 2968-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingrong Qian ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Huiyu Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Ji ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Screening Method

Improved Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter Method, Using EF-18 Agar, for Detection of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-742
Author(s):  
Phyllis Entis
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results

Abstract A collaborative study was carried out in 30 laboratories to validate Improvements to the official final action hydrophobic grid membrane filter (HGMF) screening method for Salmonella in foods, 985.42, by comparing the performance of the improved HGMF method against that of the AOAC/BAM conventional culture method. Six products were Included In the collaborative study: milk chocolate, raw deboned poultry meat, black pepper, soy flour, egg yolk powder, and nonfat dry milk. The raw deboned poultry meat was naturally contaminated with Salmonella, and the remaining 5 products were each Inoculated In advance with low levels of Individual Salmonella serotypes. The AOAC/BAM method produced 11 false negative results and the Improved HGMF method produced 18 false negative results. The improved HGMF Salmonella method has been approved Interim official first action for all foods to replace the HGMF official final action method, 985.42.

Validation of a PCR-Based Method for the Detection of Various Rendered Materials in Feedstuffs Using a Forensic DNA Extraction Kit

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. MYERS ◽  
HAILE F. YANCY ◽  
MICHAEL ARANETA ◽  
JENNIFER ARMOUR ◽  
JANICE DERR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Pcr Primer

A method trial was initiated to validate the use of a commercial DNA forensic kit to extract DNA from animal feed as part of a PCR-based method. Four different PCR primer pairs (one bovine pair, one porcine pair, one ovine primer pair, and one multispecies pair) were also evaluated. Each laboratory was required to analyze a total of 120 dairy feed samples either not fortified (control, true negative) or fortified with bovine meat and bone meal, porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM), or lamb meal. Feeds were fortified with the animal meals at a concentration of 0.1% (wt/wt). Ten laboratories participated in this trial, and each laboratory was required to evaluate two different primer pairs, i.e., each PCR primer pair was evaluated by five different laboratories. The method was considered to be validated for a given animal source when three or more laboratories achieved at least 97% accuracy (29 correct of 30 samples for 96.7% accuracy, rounded up to 97%) in detecting the fortified samples for that source. Using this criterion, the method was validated for the bovine primer because three laboratories met the criterion, with an average accuracy of 98.9%. The average false-positive rate was 3.0% in these laboratories. A fourth laboratory was 80% accurate in identifying the samples fortified with bovine meat and bone meal. A fifth laboratory was not able to consistently extract the DNA from the feed samples and did not achieve the criterion for accuracy for either the bovine or multispecies PCR primers. For the porcine primers, the method was validated, with four laboratories meeting the criterion for accuracy with an average accuracy of 99.2%. The fifth laboratory had a 93.3% accuracy outcome for the porcine primer. Collectively, these five laboratories had a 1.3% false-positive rate for the porcine primer. No laboratory was able to meet the criterion for accuracy with the ovine primers, most likely because of problems with the synthesis of the primer pair; none of the positive control DNA samples could be detected with the ovine primers. The multispecies primer pair was validated in three laboratories for use with bovine meat and bone meal and lamb meal but not with PMBM. The three laboratories had an average accuracy of 98.9% for bovine meat and bone meal, 97.8% for lamb meal, and 63.3% for PMBM. When examined on an individual laboratory basis, one of these four laboratories could not identify a single feed sample containing PMBM by using the multispecies primer, whereas the other laboratory identified only one PMBM-fortified sample, suggesting that the limit of detection for PMBM with this primer pair is around 0.1% (wt/wt). The results of this study demonstrated that the DNA forensic kit can be used to extract DNA from animal feed, which can then be used for PCR analysis to detect animal-derived protein present in the feed sample.

scholarly journals Meat and bone meal still used in animal feed

Nature ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 414 (6860) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
Stephen Rossides
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal

Detection of Rendered Meat and Bone Meals by PCR Is Dependent on Animal Species of Origin and DNA Extraction Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. MYERS ◽  
DOROTHY E. FARRELL ◽  
CHRISTINE M. DEAVER ◽  
JACQULINE MASON ◽  
HEIDI L. SWAIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Pcr Method

The capability of eight commercially available DNA extraction kits to extract bovine DNA originating in meat and bone meal from fortified feed was evaluated. Four different batches of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) were used for DNA extraction with the eight commercial DNA extraction kits. Within each kit, there were minimal differences in the batch-to-batch amounts of extracted DNA. There were differences between the kits in the amounts of DNA that could be extracted from the same amount of starting BMBM. These differences did not translate into differences in the amount of amplifiable DNA from BMBM-fortified dairy feed. Using a validated real-time PCR method, the kit yielding the highest amount extractable DNA was completely unable to yield a positive PCR result; one other kit was also unable to produce a positive PCR result from DNA extracted from BMBM-fortified feed. There was a complete lack of a correlation between the amount of bovine DNA isolated from BMBM by a given extraction kit compared with the relative amounts of DNA isolated from fortified animal feed as evidenced by the cycle threshold values generated using the real-time PCR method. These results demonstrate that extraction of DNA from processed animal protein is different for pure ingredients and fortified animal feeds. These results indicate that a method specifically developed using just animal-derived meat and bone meal may not yield a functional assay when used to detect animal tissues in complete animal feed.

Levels of Brominated Vegetable Oils in Soft Drinks by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
H B S Conacher ◽  
J C Meranger ◽  
J Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Screening Method

Abstract A rapid screening method using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been developed for the detection and semiquantitative estimation of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks. This method and a quantitative GLC technique have been applied to the determination of the brominated oil content in a wide range of soft drinks. Of 46 drinks examined, 23 contained brominated vegetable oils at levels between 7 and 85 mg/10 fluid oz of drink.

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