209 Effects of high standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios with ractopamine HCL on growth and carcass performance of pigs from 110 to 135 kg

Abstract Recent research has reported that increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio above 20% in finishing pigs fed Ractopamine HCL (RAC) resulted in improved growth and carcass performance, however this response has been inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with RAC on growth and carcass performance. A total of 1,791 finishing pigs (PIC 1050×337; initially 110 kg BW) were used in a 27-d study. Pens of 25 or 26 pigs were allotted by initial BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a RCBD with 14 replications per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of 5 SID Trp:Lys ratios (20, 22, 24, 26, and 28%). Corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated to 0.90% SID Lys and contained 10 ppm ractopamine. At d 27, pigs were transported to a packing plant for processing and carcass data collection. Growth data were analyzed (GLIMMIX procedure of SAS) as a RCBD with pen as the experimental unit and initial BW as a covariate. Carcass data were analyzed with pen as the experimental unit and block × treatment as the random effect. Hot carcass weight served as a covariate for analysis of backfat, loin depth, and lean percentage. For overall growth performance, increasing SID Trp:Lys increased (linear, P< 0.0001) SID Trp g/kg of gain and SID Trp intake (Table 1); however, there were no evidence of treatment differences (P >0.10) for ADG or G:F. For carcass characteristics, increasing SID Trp:Lys decreased (linear; P=0.002) carcass yield and tended to decrease (P=0.078) lean percentage. There was no evidence of treatment differences (P >0.10) for HCW, loin depth, carcass ADG, or carcass feed efficiency. In summary, increasing SID Trp:Lys ratios above 20% in pigs fed RAC did not improve growth or carcass performance.

Download Full-text

PSIX-3 Effect of a combination of brown, green and red seaweeds on performance of nursery and growing-finishing pigs, and on carcass characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

Hayford Manu ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

Devi Pangeni ◽

Augustine Owusu-Asiedu ◽

Jason Sands ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Random Effect ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Negative Control ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Red Seaweeds ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a proprietary combination of brown, green and red seaweeds OceanFeedTM Swine (OFS) as a replacement of in-feed antibiotic growth promotors (AGP) or pharmacological levels of zinc oxide on performance of nursery and growing finishing pigs and carcass characteristics. Three hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (5.88 ± 0.26 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 or 4 dietary treatments of low ZnO and no AGP but formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient requirements (Negative control (NC, T1)), NC + OFS (0.75 % in the nursery and 0.5% in the grower-finisher) (T2), NC + high ZnO + OFS (T3), Positive control (PC), formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient requirements + high ZnO + AGP, (T4). All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pen with 8 pigs was the experimental unit. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was by Tukey Kramer’s method. Overall (d 0 to 149), pigs on T4 diets had greater (0.47 vs 0.50; P = 0.013) and tended to have greater (0.48 vs 0.50; P = 0.083) G:F than pigs on the control (T1) and T2 diets, respectively. Relative to pigs on the T1 diet, ADG (0.796 vs 0.799 kg) and G:F (0.47 vs 0.48) of pigs fed the T2 diet were similar (P ˃0.10). Furthermore, pigs fed T4 and T3 diets did not differ in terms of ADFI (2.15 vs 2.14 kg; P = 0.994), ADG (0.804 vs 0.826 kg; P = 0.235), and G:F (0.48 vs 0.50; P = 0.260). Dietary treatments did not affect final BW, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, BF thickness, rib eye area, and percent lean (P ˃0.10). Based on performance criteria, these findings suggest OFS seaweed blend can replace either antibiotic growth promotors or pharmacological levels of zinc oxide in swine feeds.

Download Full-text

PSIV-11 Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Growth Performance Traits of Finishing Swine

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 187-188

Author(s):

Pengcheng Xue ◽

Don W Giesting ◽

Mark D Newcomb ◽

Chad M Pilcher ◽

Matthew J Ritter

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Random Effect ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Performance Traits ◽

And Gender ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Commercial Research

Abstract This study was conducted at a commercial research facility and utilized 1,092 finishing pigs (PIC® 337 × Camborough®) in a RCBD with 3 dietary treatments to determine the effects of commercially available phytogenic feed additives on growth performance traits in finishing swine for the last 35 d prior to marketing. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control; 2) Aromex Pro® (AP; Delacon) fed at 0.01%; and 3) Ambitine® (AM; PMI) fed at 0.1%. Pens with 13 pigs/pen and 0.66 m2/pig were randomly allotted to treatments on the basis of live weight and gender. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soy diets that met or exceeded the pig’s requirements (NRC, 2012). Aromex Pro® and Ambitine® were added to the diets at the expense of corn. Dietary treatments started on day 0 (BW = 97.7 kg; SEM = 1.04) and were fed throughout the 35 d trial period. On d 21, the two heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, while the remaining pigs in each pen were marketed on d 35. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0, 21, and 35. Data were analyzed by using PROC MIXED of SAS® version 9.4, and pen was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare AP vs. Control and AM vs. Control. Feeding AP or AM for the last 35 d in finishing both improved (P < 0.05) ADG by 4%, ADFI by 3% and final BW by 1.6 kg over Control, but did not change feed to gain or mortality. These data demonstrate that phytogenic feed additives can improve growth performance traits in finishing swine.

Download Full-text

138 Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-based Diets on Growth Performance of Late-finishing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

Julia P Holen ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Average Length ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing levels of soybean meal (SBM) replacing feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. In both experiments, there were 22 to 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Average length of the experiments was 35 (Exp. 1) and 29 days (Exp. 2). Diets were balanced to contain 0.70% SID Lys and 2,667 or 2,610 kcal NE/kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Minimum amino acid ratios relative to Lys were: Ile, 55; Met&Cys, 60; Thr, 65; Trp, 19.5, and Val, 70. Dietary crude protein ranged from 10.1 to 15.2 for Exp. 1 and 13.6 to 19.4 for Exp. 2. The statistical model considered fixed effects of treatment, linear and quadratic contrasts, and random effect of block. In Exp.1, 1,793 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 104.9 ± 1.4 kg) were fed corn-based diets and pens of pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SBM from 5 to 20%. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed (G:F) increased (linear; P < 0.05) as SBM increased with the greatest improvement observed as SBM increased from 5 to 8.75%, with little improvement thereafter. In Exp. 2, 1,827 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 97.9 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a similar study as Exp. 1, but all diets contained 25% DDGS and SBM levels increased from 0 to 16%. Overall, G:F and final bodyweight of pigs marginally improved (linear and quadratic, respectively; P < 0.10) as SBM increased, with the greatest performance observed when diets contained 8% SBM. These results suggest that increasing SBM up to 8% at the expense of feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-DDGS-based diets improved ADG or G:F in late-finishing pigs.

Download Full-text

PSIV-12 Evaluation of the Effect of Benzoic Acid with or Without a Direct Fed Microbial on the Performance and Health of Growing and Finishing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 178-179

Author(s):

Dalton C Humphrey ◽

J R R Bergstrom ◽

Estefania Perez Calvo ◽

Laura L Greiner

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Therapeutic Intervention ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if benzoic acid in combination of a direct fed microbial could improve grow-finish performance in swine. Three hundred and twenty (DNA 600 X 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) barrows and gilts were used to evaluate the effect of benzoic acid (BA; VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) with or without a direct fed microbial (DFM; PureGro, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the growth performance of pigs from approximately 35 to 125 kg. Pigs were sorted by sex, randomly placed into complete blocks, and equalized by weight (40 pens total). Pigs were fed a common diet for 11 days. Following acclimation, pens were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: standard commercial (PC), 85% PC SID lysine and lowered crude protein (NC), PC plus BA (BA at 0.3% inclusion), and PC plus BA and DFM (BA+DFM at 0.3 and 0.025% inclusion, respectively). Ultrasound was conducted to evaluate body composition on day 81. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Results were considered significant at P≤0.05 and a trend at P >0.05 and P≤0.10. Pigs fed BA had increased ADG compared to pigs fed PC (1.11 vs. 1.07 kg/d, P=0.02) and NC (1.11 vs. 1.07 kg/d, P=0.01), and similar ADG compared to pigs fed BA+DFM (1.11 vs. 1.09, P=0.21). G:F in pigs fed BA tended to be higher compared to pigs fed NC (0.175 vs. 0.172, P=0.06), and similar compared to pigs fed PC (0.175 vs. 0.176, P=0.51) and BA+DFM (0.175 vs. 0.174, P=0.73). There was a tendency in therapeutic intervention frequency across treatments (P=0.07). In conclusion, reducing lysine and crude protein levels resulted in poorer feed efficiency and BA resulted in increased gain in growing and finishing pigs from approximately 35 to 125 kg.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Enogen® Feed Corn on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab052 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Ochonski ◽

Fangzhou Wu ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Amylase Secretion ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Collection Data ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Enogen® Feed Corn (EFC; Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) hybrids contain a trait for expression of heat-stable alpha amylase in the grain. Alpha amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency. A total of 288 pigs (Line 600 × 241, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 41.6 kg) were utilized in an 82-d trial to determine if replacing conventional yellow dent corn (CONV) with EFC in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) influences growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments balancing for initial BW. There were 9 pens per treatment with 8 pigs per pen (an equal number of barrows and gilts per pen). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (CONV or EFC) and DDGS (0 or 25%). Experimental diets were fed in meal form in 3 phases: d 0 to 29, 29 to 47, and 47 to 82. Pigs were weighed approximately every 2 wk and at the beginning of each phase. On d 82, pigs were transported to a commercial abattoir for processing and carcass data collection. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. There were no corn source by DDGS interactions (P > 0.05) observed for overall performance or carcass characteristics. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was marginally greater (P < 0.089) for pigs fed EFC than CONV with no evidence (P > 0.196) for difference in average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain efficiency (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or other carcass traits. Addition of DDGS decreased (P < 0.047) overall ADG and G:F. Pigs fed DDGS had marginally lower (P < 0.071) HCW, less (P < 0.050) backfat depth, greater (P < 0.026) loin depth, and greater (P < 0.020) percentage lean and carcass fat iodine value (IV). In summary, addition of 25% DDGS to the diet decreased ADG and increased carcass fat IV. Pigs fed EFC tended to have improved overall ADG; however, G:F and carcass characteristics were not different between corn sources. These results suggest that EFC, although not beneficial, may be used as a substitute for CONV without any deleterious effects on growth performance. Further research should be conducted to understand if addition of EFC to swine diets could be beneficial in younger pigs exhibiting decreased pancreatic α-amylase secretion following weaning, or whether heat treatment of diets, such as pelleting, may influence the response to EFC.

Download Full-text

PSVI-25 Feed NSPase enzyme, Natugrain® TS, improves performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

Michael Coelho ◽

Robert Jones ◽

Frank Parks

Keyword(s):

Dose Level ◽

Block Design ◽

Random Effect ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Study Data ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Intestinal Lesion ◽

Data Set ◽

Pig Performance

Abstract In a separate data set reported on the same trial (Coelho, 2018) reported that Natugrain TS changed the microbiome by breaking down arabinoxylans into smaller oligosaccharides, decreasing intestinal E. coli and intestinal lesion score. This study data set evaluated the effect of a NSPase enzyme, Natugrain TS, on pig performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 3,750 weaned pigs (28 kg), (PIC 337 x Camborough), were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 30 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and fed mash corn/soy/DDGs diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments were T1= 0 g/MT Natugrain TS, T2= 100 g/MT Natugrain TS, T3= 150 g/MT Natugrain TS, T4= 200 g/MT Natugrain TS and T5= 250 g/MT Natugrain TS. At the finishing phase, Natugrain TS significantly increased ADG up to 200 g/ton (841, 842, 847, 854 and 852 g, P < 0.05, respectively), decreased FCR up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (2.77, 2.76, 2.74, 2.72 and 2.73, P < 0.05, respectively), increased carcass yield up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (70.2, 70.6, 71.2, 71.4 and 71.2, P < 0.05, respectively), increased percent lean up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (50.1, 50.7, 51.2, 52.4 and 52.1%, P < 0.05, respectively) and decreased mortality up to a dose level of 200 g/ton (4.8, 3.6, 2.7, 1.9 and 2.1%, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, Natugrain TS at 150 to 200 g/ton increased pig performance, carcass charateristics and decreased mortality.

Download Full-text

PSVI-3 Estimation of the optimal standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio required for growing-finishing pigs in low crude protein diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 204-204

Author(s):

Q, Huang ◽

D Pangeni ◽

Hayford Manu ◽

L Hanson ◽

S K Baidoo

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Random Effect ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Protein Diets

Abstract Aim was to determine standardized ileal digestible Val to Lys ratios for growing - finishing pigs fed low CP diets on performance, BUN and carcass characteristics. SID Val to Lys ratios for BW 42.5 to 70.3 kg, 70.3 to 98.1 kg and 98.1 to 128.7 kg pigs. Pigs (n = 400, 10 pens / treatment, 8 pigs / pen) blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments. Diets were SID Val to Lys of 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75. Data analyzed as a RCBD with PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with pen (experimental unit), treatment (fixed effect), and BW block (random effect). In phase 1, linear and quadratic increase of ADG (Linear, P = 0.03; Quadratic, P = 0.04), BUN decreased (Linear, P = 0.01; Quadratic, P = 0.04). SID Val:Lys for ADG, linear broken-line and quadratic model were 0.64 and 0.66, respectively. BUN for SID Val:Lys were 0.63 (P = 0.01) and 0.70 (P = 0.04). In phase 2, ADG increased (Linear, P = 0.04; Quadratic, P = 0.01) and G:F increased (Linear, P = 0.02; Quadratic, P = 0.04). a linear (P = 0.04) and quadratic (P = 0.01) increase in ADG. SID Val:Lys ADG were 0.66 and 0.70. with the increase of SID Val:Lys ratios. SID Val:Lys for G:F were 0.70 and 0.75, respectively. In phase 3, the SID Val:Lys to maximize ADG were 0.67 (Linear, P = 0.04) and 0.72 (Quadratic, P < 0.01). as the SID Val:Lys increased. Supplementation of low CP diets with high levels of SID Val:Lys increase decreased (Linear, P = 0.02) fat depth, at 0.65. but no effect on other carcass characteristics. In conclusion, SID Val:Lys requirement for ADG in three phases were 0.64, 0.66, 0.67, and 0.66, 0.70, 0.72, using a linear broken-line and quadratic model respectively. BUN and fat thickness appears to be minimized at Val:Lys ratio of 0.65 and a potential to increase lean percentage.

Download Full-text

PSIX-14 Evaluation of high-protein distillers dried grains on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 180-181

Author(s):

Zhong-Xing Rao ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Block Design ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

High Protein ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

The Difference

Abstract A total of 1,890 growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 359 × 1050; initially 27.1 kg) were used in a 124-d growth trial to compare the effects of pigs fed diets with high-protein dried distillers grains (HPDDG) or conventional dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Conventional DDGS contained 29.0% CP, 0.48% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 9.2% oil, whereas HPDDG contained 39.3% CP, 0.68% SID Lys and 11.1% oil. All diets were formulated on an equal SID Lys-basis with diets containing HPDDG having less soybean meal than diets with conventional DDGS. There were 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2 + 1 factorial with main effects of DDG source (conventional DDGS or HPDDG) and level (15 or 30%). A corn-soybean meal-based diet served as the control and allowed linear and quadratic level effects to be determined within each DDG source. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial weight as the blocking factor. Data were analyzed using lme4 package in R (version 3.5.2) with pen as experimental unit. Overall, there were no differences observed in ADG between pigs fed either DDG source. Pigs fed HPDDG had decreased (P< 0.001) ADFI and increased (P< 0.001) G:F compared with those fed conventional DDGS. Increasing either conventional DDGS or HPDDG decreased carcass yield and HCW (linear, P< 0.02); however, there were no differences between pigs fed HPDDG or conventional DDGS. Iodine value (IV) was greater (P< 0.001) in pigs fed HPDDG than conventional DDGS, and IV increased (linear, P< 0.02) with increasing DDG. These data suggest that pigs fed HPDDG had greater G:F and IV compared with pigs fed conventional DDGS, probably due to the difference in oil content.

Download Full-text

PSIV-19 Evaluation of Enogen® high amylase corn on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

Patricia Ochonski ◽

Fangzhou Wu ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Dent Corn ◽

Collection Data ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract A total of 288 pigs (Line 600 241, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 41.6 kg) were used in an 82-d trial to determine if replacing conventional yellow dent corn with high amylase corn (Enogen®, Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) influences growth performance and carcass characteristics. Diets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 corn sources (yellow dent or high amylase) and 2 levels of DDGS (0 or 25%). Experimental diets were fed in meal form in 3 phases: d 0 to 29, 29 to 47, and 47 to 82. There were 9 pens/treatment each containing an equal number of barrows and gilts. Pigs were weighed approximately every 2 wk and at the beginning of each phase. On d 82, pigs were transported to a commercial packing plant for processing and carcass data collection. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between corn source and DDGS inclusion for overall performance or carcass characteristics. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was marginally greater (P < 0.089) for pigs fed high amylase than yellow dent corn with no evidence (P > 0.196) for difference in feed intake, feed efficiency (G/F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or other carcass traits. Addition of DDGS resulted in decreased (P < 0.037) overall ADG and G/F. Pigs fed DDGS had marginally lower (P < 0.071) HCW, less (P < 0.050) backfat, greater (P < 0.026) loin depth, and greater (P < 0.020) percentage lean and iodine values. In summary, high amylase corn tended to improve overall ADG; however, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were unchanged between corn sources. Consistent with previous research, addition of DDGS decreased ADG and increased IV.

Download Full-text

142 Evaluation of Proso Millet as a Partial or Complete Replacement for Corn in Growing-finishing Diets for Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

Khang A Nguyen ◽

Melanie D Trenhaile-Grannemann ◽

Thomas Burkey ◽

Phillip Miller

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Proso Millet ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the inclusion of proso millet on the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs. Using a randomized complete block design, 36 crossbred barrows, with an average initial weight of 22.2 kg, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (9 pens/treatment; 1 pig/pen). Diet 1 was corn-soybean meal-based (control) and Diets 2, 3, and 4 had proso millet replacing 33%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, of corn in the control diet. The diets were formulated according to 4 growth phases (P1, 25 to 50 kg BW; P2, 50 to 75 kg BW; P3, 75 to 100 kg BW; and P4, 100 to 135 kg BW) with nutrient contents formulated according to NRC (2012) recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, using pig as the experimental unit. In P1 and P2, no differences in average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed among treatments (P > 0.3). In P3, pigs consuming the proso millet diets had greater ADFI than pigs consuming the basal diet, especially pigs fed Diet 4 compared to pigs fed Diet 1 (3.66 vs. 3.29 kg; P < 0.01). The ADG:ADFI ratio was not affected (P > 0.1) by treatments during this period. In P4, although there was a difference in ADFI between pigs fed Diet 3 and Diet 1 (3.8 vs. 3.47 kg; P = 0.04), no decreases in ADG:ADFI ratio were observed among the four dietary treatments (P > 0.5). Average daily gain was not affected (P > 0.3) by treatments during the growing-finishing period, suggesting that the level of corn replacement up to 100% by proso millet did not affect pig growth. In conclusion, proso millet was shown to effectively replace corn in corn-soybean meal-based diet for growing-finishing pigs without compromising growth performance.

Download Full-text