PSIV-12 Evaluation of the Effect of Benzoic Acid with or Without a Direct Fed Microbial on the Performance and Health of Growing and Finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dalton C Humphrey ◽  
J R R Bergstrom ◽  
Estefania Perez Calvo ◽  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if benzoic acid in combination of a direct fed microbial could improve grow-finish performance in swine. Three hundred and twenty (DNA 600 X 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) barrows and gilts were used to evaluate the effect of benzoic acid (BA; VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) with or without a direct fed microbial (DFM; PureGro, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) on the growth performance of pigs from approximately 35 to 125 kg. Pigs were sorted by sex, randomly placed into complete blocks, and equalized by weight (40 pens total). Pigs were fed a common diet for 11 days. Following acclimation, pens were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: standard commercial (PC), 85% PC SID lysine and lowered crude protein (NC), PC plus BA (BA at 0.3% inclusion), and PC plus BA and DFM (BA+DFM at 0.3 and 0.025% inclusion, respectively). Ultrasound was conducted to evaluate body composition on day 81. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Results were considered significant at P≤0.05 and a trend at P >0.05 and P≤0.10. Pigs fed BA had increased ADG compared to pigs fed PC (1.11 vs. 1.07 kg/d, P=0.02) and NC (1.11 vs. 1.07 kg/d, P=0.01), and similar ADG compared to pigs fed BA+DFM (1.11 vs. 1.09, P=0.21). G:F in pigs fed BA tended to be higher compared to pigs fed NC (0.175 vs. 0.172, P=0.06), and similar compared to pigs fed PC (0.175 vs. 0.176, P=0.51) and BA+DFM (0.175 vs. 0.174, P=0.73). There was a tendency in therapeutic intervention frequency across treatments (P=0.07). In conclusion, reducing lysine and crude protein levels resulted in poorer feed efficiency and BA resulted in increased gain in growing and finishing pigs from approximately 35 to 125 kg.

PSIV-11 Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Growth Performance Traits of Finishing Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Xue ◽  
Don W Giesting ◽  
Mark D Newcomb ◽  
Chad M Pilcher ◽  
Matthew J Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Commercial Research

Abstract This study was conducted at a commercial research facility and utilized 1,092 finishing pigs (PIC® 337 × Camborough®) in a RCBD with 3 dietary treatments to determine the effects of commercially available phytogenic feed additives on growth performance traits in finishing swine for the last 35 d prior to marketing. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control; 2) Aromex Pro® (AP; Delacon) fed at 0.01%; and 3) Ambitine® (AM; PMI) fed at 0.1%. Pens with 13 pigs/pen and 0.66 m2/pig were randomly allotted to treatments on the basis of live weight and gender. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soy diets that met or exceeded the pig’s requirements (NRC, 2012). Aromex Pro® and Ambitine® were added to the diets at the expense of corn. Dietary treatments started on day 0 (BW = 97.7 kg; SEM = 1.04) and were fed throughout the 35 d trial period. On d 21, the two heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, while the remaining pigs in each pen were marketed on d 35. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0, 21, and 35. Data were analyzed by using PROC MIXED of SAS® version 9.4, and pen was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare AP vs. Control and AM vs. Control. Feeding AP or AM for the last 35 d in finishing both improved (P < 0.05) ADG by 4%, ADFI by 3% and final BW by 1.6 kg over Control, but did not change feed to gain or mortality. These data demonstrate that phytogenic feed additives can improve growth performance traits in finishing swine.

187 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, and Fecal β-hemolytic Coliforms in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on growth performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Growth performance was measured on d -7 to 0 before inoculation, and d 0 to 5 and 5 to 11 post-inoculation (PI). Diarrhea score (DS; 1, normal, to 5, watery diarrhea) was daily recorded for each pig. Fecal samples were collected on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 PI to test the percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in total coliforms. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Inclusion of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI on d 0 to 5 PI, and feed efficiency on d 0 to 5 PI and d 5 to 11 PI (P = 0.07), compared with the control. Supplementation of AGP or oligosaccharide-based polymer reduced (P < 0.01) frequency of diarrhea of pigs from d 0 to 11 PI. No differences were observed in overall growth performance and percentage of fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on d 8 PI among pigs in AGP and oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced feed efficiency and reduced diarrhea of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli.

scholarly journals 173 Effects of dietary analyzed calcium to analyzed phosphorus ratio on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bone mineralization in 26- to 127-kg pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Carine M Vier ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Márcio A D Gonçalves ◽  
Uislei A D Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different analyzed calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) ratios on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 26 to 127-kg. A total of 1,134 barrows and gilts (PIC 359×Camborough, initial BW 26.3 ± 0.71 kg) were used in a 110-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. The 6 dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0:75:1, 1.00:1, 1.25:1, 1.50:1, 1.75:1, and 2.00:1 analyzed Ca:P ratio. All diets were corn-soybean meal-based and were formulated to contain adequate standardized total tract digestible P (approximately 122% of NRC 2012 estimates) for the weight range in all 4 dietary phases. Treatments were achieved by increasing calcium carbonate at the expense of corn while maintaining a constant level of monocalcium phosphate. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing analyzed Ca:P ratio increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and final BW. Feed efficiency (G:F) was relatively similar across analyzed Ca:P ratios of 0.75:1 to 1.75:1 but worsened (quadratic, P < 0.05) at the highest ratio of 2.00:1. Hot carcass weight (HCW) and carcass ADG increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) while carcass yield decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) with increasing analyzed Ca:P ratio. Bone mineralization increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) with increasing analyzed Ca:P ratio. For ADG, ADFI, G:F, and bone ash, the quadratic polynomial model demonstrated the best fit. The maximum responses in ADG, ADFI, G:F, HCW, and bone ash were estimated at 1.38:1, 1.49:1, 1.29:1, 1.25:1, and 1.93:1 analyzed Ca:P ratio, respectively. In conclusion, for growing-finishing pigs from 26 to 127-kg fed diets adequate in STTD P, the analyzed Ca:P ratio to maximize growth performance and HCW criteria ranged from 1.25:1 to 1.49:1. A higher analyzed Ca:P ratio, estimated at 1.93:1, was required to maximize bone mineralization.

scholarly journals 184 Evaluation of Aviplus on Growth Performance of Nursery and Growing-finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Wade M Hutchens ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 1,215 pigs (L337×1050, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used in a 156-d wean-to-finish experiment. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and placed in pens based on initial body weight (BW) with 27 pigs/pen. There were three dietary treatments including a: 1) control; 2) pigs fed diets containing AviPlus (micro-encapsulated sorbic and citric acids and synthetic thymol and vanillin botanicals; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL) during the nursery and finisher phases; or 3) pigs fed AviPlus during the nursery but not the finishing phase. AviPlus was included at 2.72 kg/ton from d 0 to 21, 0.90 kg/ton from d 21 to 42, and 0.45 kg/ton from d 42 to 156. Thus, there were 15 control pens and 30 Aviplus pens in the nursery and 15 pens for the 3 treatments in the finisher phase. On d 42, pigs were transported as intact pens to the finishing facility. Data were analyzed as a RCBD with pen as experimental unit. For the overall nursery period (d 0 to 42), pigs fed AviPlus had improved (P &lt; 0.05) G:F, with no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) for d 42 BW, ADG, or ADFI. For the overall finishing period (d 42 to 156) and overall experimental period (d 0 to 156), there was no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) for BW, ADG, ADFI, or G:F. There was no evidence of difference (P &gt; 0.05) observed for mortality and removals during the nursery, finisher, or overall. In summary, providing AviPlus during the nursery improved nursery G:F, but there was no effect on overall wean-to-finish performance.

scholarly journals 209 Effects of high standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios with ractopamine HCL on growth and carcass performance of pigs from 110 to 135 kg

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Hayden E Williams ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Recent research has reported that increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio above 20% in finishing pigs fed Ractopamine HCL (RAC) resulted in improved growth and carcass performance, however this response has been inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with RAC on growth and carcass performance. A total of 1,791 finishing pigs (PIC 1050×337; initially 110 kg BW) were used in a 27-d study. Pens of 25 or 26 pigs were allotted by initial BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a RCBD with 14 replications per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of 5 SID Trp:Lys ratios (20, 22, 24, 26, and 28%). Corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated to 0.90% SID Lys and contained 10 ppm ractopamine. At d 27, pigs were transported to a packing plant for processing and carcass data collection. Growth data were analyzed (GLIMMIX procedure of SAS) as a RCBD with pen as the experimental unit and initial BW as a covariate. Carcass data were analyzed with pen as the experimental unit and block × treatment as the random effect. Hot carcass weight served as a covariate for analysis of backfat, loin depth, and lean percentage. For overall growth performance, increasing SID Trp:Lys increased (linear, P&lt; 0.0001) SID Trp g/kg of gain and SID Trp intake (Table 1); however, there were no evidence of treatment differences (P &gt;0.10) for ADG or G:F. For carcass characteristics, increasing SID Trp:Lys decreased (linear; P=0.002) carcass yield and tended to decrease (P=0.078) lean percentage. There was no evidence of treatment differences (P &gt;0.10) for HCW, loin depth, carcass ADG, or carcass feed efficiency. In summary, increasing SID Trp:Lys ratios above 20% in pigs fed RAC did not improve growth or carcass performance.

scholarly journals 73 Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 130-kg. A total of 2,016 barrows and gilts (PIC 280×Camborough, initial BW of 29.6±0.53 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments (Table 1) consisted with two NDF levels (13% or 20%) and two SID Lys curves (PIC2008 or PIC2016). There were 21 mixed-sex pigs per pen, and 24 pens per treatment. The experiment diets were fed in 3 phases. Wheat, wheat by-products, peas, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve treatments, and all diets were formulated to be iso-caloric (2,420 kcal NE/kg). Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NDF level resulted in a reduction (P&lt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass ADG, and backfat depth (Table 2), and tended to decrease percentage of removals and mortality (P=0.10). Pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve had greater ADG and carcass ADG as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve (P&lt; 0.05). There were NDF×Lys interactions (P&lt; 0.10) for ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F. These response criteria were improved for pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve when NDF level was 13%; while no evidence of differences was observed at 20% NDF. Results indicate that increasing NDF level from 13 to 20% deteriorate performance of 30- to 130- kg pigs; and the improved growth performance of pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve was only observed when lower NDF level was presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enogen® Feed Corn on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ochonski ◽  
Fangzhou Wu ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Enogen® Feed Corn (EFC; Syngenta Seeds, LLC, Downers Grove, IL) hybrids contain a trait for expression of heat-stable alpha amylase in the grain. Alpha amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency. A total of 288 pigs (Line 600 × 241, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 41.6 kg) were utilized in an 82-d trial to determine if replacing conventional yellow dent corn (CONV) with EFC in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) influences growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments balancing for initial BW. There were 9 pens per treatment with 8 pigs per pen (an equal number of barrows and gilts per pen). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (CONV or EFC) and DDGS (0 or 25%). Experimental diets were fed in meal form in 3 phases: d 0 to 29, 29 to 47, and 47 to 82. Pigs were weighed approximately every 2 wk and at the beginning of each phase. On d 82, pigs were transported to a commercial abattoir for processing and carcass data collection. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. There were no corn source by DDGS interactions (P &gt; 0.05) observed for overall performance or carcass characteristics. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was marginally greater (P &lt; 0.089) for pigs fed EFC than CONV with no evidence (P &gt; 0.196) for difference in average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain efficiency (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or other carcass traits. Addition of DDGS decreased (P &lt; 0.047) overall ADG and G:F. Pigs fed DDGS had marginally lower (P &lt; 0.071) HCW, less (P &lt; 0.050) backfat depth, greater (P &lt; 0.026) loin depth, and greater (P &lt; 0.020) percentage lean and carcass fat iodine value (IV). In summary, addition of 25% DDGS to the diet decreased ADG and increased carcass fat IV. Pigs fed EFC tended to have improved overall ADG; however, G:F and carcass characteristics were not different between corn sources. These results suggest that EFC, although not beneficial, may be used as a substitute for CONV without any deleterious effects on growth performance. Further research should be conducted to understand if addition of EFC to swine diets could be beneficial in younger pigs exhibiting decreased pancreatic α-amylase secretion following weaning, or whether heat treatment of diets, such as pelleting, may influence the response to EFC.

scholarly journals 76 Effects of replacing monensin and tylosin in finishing cattle diets with essential oils and/or benzoic acid on growth performance and carcass characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Lydia M Wang ◽  
Ira B Mandell ◽  
Benjamin M Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study examined the effects of replacing monensin and tylosin with essential oils and/or benzoic acid in finishing cattle diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Crossbred steers (n = 68; BW = 539 ± 4 kg) were blocked by starting weight into three blocks and were assigned to 1 of 5 finishing diets: no additional supplement (CON), monensin/tylosin (M/T), essential oils (EO), benzoic acid (BA), or a combination of essential oils and benzoic acid (COMBO). Steers were housed with two dietary treatments represented in seven pens, while an eighth pen only housed steers fed the CON diet. Individual animal feed intake was collected using an Insentec feeding system, so steer was the experimental unit for all analyses. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design with fixed effect of treatment and random effect of block. Final weight, average daily gain, and dry matter intake were similar (P > 0.12) among treatments. Gain to feed ratio differed (P = 0.05) among treatments, specifically steers fed the M/T diet had greater G:F compared with steers fed CON, EO, and COMBO diets. For carcass characteristics, there were no significant treatment differences in hot carcass weight (P = 0.19), dressing percentage (P = 0.62), ribeye area (P = 0.49), fat thickness (P = 0.84), calculated yield grade (P = 0.91), marbling score (P = 0.07), and yield grade (P = 0.43). Quality grade differed (P = 0.05) among treatments, with steers fed the EO diet having a lower quality grade than all other dietary treatments. Overall, steers supplemented with essential oils and(or) benzoic acid had similar gain, feed intake, and carcass parameters as steers fed CON, while steers fed M/T had slightly improved feed efficiency compared to all other treatments.

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