scholarly journals PSIII-7 Evaluating sow colostrum somatic cell count as an indicator for colostrum composition or litter characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Ryan T Maurer ◽  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Theresa J Rathbun ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Sample

Abstract Sow colostrum is essential during early piglet life to provide passive immunity via immunoglobulins and leukocytes.The somatic cell population in colostrum and milk consists of leukocytes and epithelial cells. Somatic cell count (SCC) of milk is commonly used as an indicator of cow milk quality and health status, but not commonly measured in lactating gilts or sows. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the relationship between colostrum SCC and colostrum composition or litter performance. A total of 194 frozen (-20℃) colostrum samples from Large White × Landrace females were evaluated for SCC. Cells were pelleted and washed twice by centrifugation (10 min. at 400 x g; 4℃) in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS; pH 7.2, LifeTechnologies). The resulting cell sample was labelled with a nuclear dye (LDS751) and cells counted via micro-capillary bench-top flow cytometer (Guava EasyCyte Plus, Millipore). Final SCC (cells/mL) was calculated by dividing sample cell count (cells/sample) by original sample volume (mL/sample). Data was analyzed for relationship between SCC and response variables using Pearson correlation. A pairwise comparison was used to evaluate SCC by parity category (gilts vs. sows). Results were considered significant at P< 0.05. Final somatic cell counts ranged from 5.8×104 to 2.9×106 cells/mL. Sows had decreased (P=0.033) SCC compared to gilts (3.0 ×105 vs. 3.7 ×105). There was no evidence for a relationship (P >0.05) between SCC and piglet weight at 24h or weaning, 24h litter gain, 24h or pre-wean mortality, sow backfat or body weight. Colostrum total solids, protein, lactose, and immunoglobulin G concentration showed no evidence for relationship (P >0.05) to SCC. Colostrum fat showed a weak positive correlation (P=0.018, R=0.18) with SCC. In conclusion, colostrum SCC is lower in sows than gilts, but does not appear to correlate to colostrum composition or litter performance.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

scholarly journals Prediction of total quarter milk somatic cell counts based on foremilk sampling

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wellnitz ◽  
Marcus G Doherr ◽  
Marta Woloszyn ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Counts

Determination of somatic cell count (SCC) is used worldwide in dairy practice to describe the hygienic status of the milk and the udder health of cows. When SCC is tested on a quarter level to detect single quarters with high SCC levels of cows for practical reasons, mostly foremilk samples after prestimulation (i.e. cleaning of the udder) are used. However, SCC is usually different in different milk fractions. Therefore, the goal of this study was the investigation of the use of foremilk samples for the estimation of total quarter SCC. A total of 378 milkings in 19 dairy cows were performed with a special milking device to drain quarter milk separately. Foremilk samples were taken after udder stimulation and before cluster attachment. SCC was measured in foremilk samples and in total quarter milk. Total quarter milk SCC could not be predicted precisely from foremilk SCC measurements. At relatively high foremilk SCC levels (>300×103 cells/ml) foremilk SCC were higher than total quarter milk. At around (50–300)×103 cells/ml foremilk and total quarter SCC did not differ considerably. Most interestingly, if foremilk SCC was lower than 50×103 cells/ml the total quarter SCC was higher than foremilk SCC. In addition, individual cows showed dramatic variations in foremilk SCC that were not very well related to total quarter milk SCC. In conclusion, foremilk samples are useful to detect high quarter milk SCC to recognize possibly infected quarters, only if precise cell counts are not required. However, foremilk samples can be deceptive if very low cell numbers are to be detected.

AN EVALUATION OF THE ABNORMAL MILK CONTROL PROGRAM1 RECOMMENDED BY THE INTERSTATE MILK SHIPPERS CONFERENCE (IMS)

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Lawton ◽  
V. S. Packard
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

For this investigation, 2,673 dairy herds supplying milk to the Minneapolis-St. Paul market were divided into three study groups consisting of 681, 684, and 1,308 herds. All milk supplies were analyzed monthly by the catalase test and confirmatory microscopic evaluation was made on all samples showing 20% or higher oxygen. The study groups were treated as follows: Group I producers received no reports of tests made on their milk supplies and no field work was done; Group II producers were sent reports of tests, but no field work was done; Group III received reports of tests and where high somatic cell counts were observed, a fieldman assigned to the project made farm visits, assisted the producer where possible and filed a work sheet report on milking equipment condition and milking practices. Data were collected for slightly under two years, between August, 1969 and February, 1971. A total of 30,645 catalase determinations was made. Of these, 4,875 ( 15.9%) showed 20% oxygen and higher and 2,084 (6.8%) showed 30% and higher. In the latter group, 368 (1.2% of all samples) were confirmed by the microscopic method at 1.5 million or higher somatic cell count. By study group, the percentages of samples confirmed at 1.5 million or higher somatic cell count (for all catalase tests of 20% or higher) were 1.2, 1.4, and 1.5%, respectively. Using 1.5 million or higher somatic cell count as an actionable level, actionable cases by study group were 11.3, 10.4, and 12.0%, respectively. Lastly, considering three out of five actionable level counts as a basis for suspending permits, the percent of potential suspensions, by study group, were 0.14, 0.73, and 0.91%, respectively.

Electronic Somatic Cell Count—Chemical Method, DMSCC, and WMT Tests for Raw Milk

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. THOMPSON ◽  
V. S. PACKARD ◽  
R. E. GINN
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

The Direct Miscroscopic Somatic Cell Count — field method (DMSCC), Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT), and Electronic Somatic Cell Count (ESCC) were studied to determine variability and relationship to each other. The coefficients of variation computed at a DMSCC count near one million were 15.6% (DMSCC), 6.3% (WMT), and 4.2% (ESCC). Linear regression equations were determined for predicting DMSCC results by WMT and ESCC. The approximate width of the 95% confidence intervals for ESCC predicting DMSCC were ± 275,000 and for WMT predicting DMSCC were ± 600,000. The prediction of square root and log transformations of DMSCC by WMT exhibited narrower confidence intervals for low somatic cell counts, but wider intervals for high counts (greater than 1,000,000).

Influence of elevated somatic cell count on casein distribution and cheese-making

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E. Ali ◽  
Anthony T. Andrews ◽  
Gordon C. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe effects of increased somatic cell count, whether caused by infection or by experimental infusion of bacterial endotoxin, on the distribution in milk of caseins between the micellar and soluble forms were investigated. The relationship of somatic cell count to some cheese-making parameters was also studied. With quite modestly elevated cell counts (2–3 × 106/ml) increases of up to 37% in total casein in the soluble phase were observed, most of which was contributed by β-casein, while κ- and αs1-caseins increased only slightly. With storage at 4°C, the concentrations of all the caseins, Ca and phosphate in the soluble phase increased substantially during the first 48 h, but this was followed by a slight decline on further storage. Rennet clotting time, losses of fat in whey, curd moisture, and losses in curd yield and rigidity were all greater the higher the somatic count. Clear differences were detectable in these parameters between milks of very low cell count (e.g. 5 × 104 cells/ml) and milks with counts more typical of those found in bulk supplies (e.g. about 5 × 105 cells/ml). If these findings can be reproduced in commercial practice even a modest reduction in bulk milk somatic cell counts might be expected to bring definite benefits.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPEED OF MILKING AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND PRODUCTION IN HOLSTEINS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship

Milking speed data were obtained for 2604 Holstein-Friesian cows, identified by sire, in test herds located in Quebec and Ontario. Milk samples were collected from each cow and analyzed for somatic cell count. Completed or projected lactation production records were available for this sample of cows. Two-minute yield and total milking time were adjusted for the effect of milk yield at sampling and the raw cell counts were transformed to the natural log scale. Sire and error variances were obtained by maximum likelihood (ML) methods and used to estimate heritabilities of and correlations between traits. The heritability estimate for the adjusted 2-min. yield, 0.23, was higher than that for the adjusted total milking time (0.13), with the estimates for the two unadjusted measures being intermediate (0.18). The phenotypic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were small. However, there were two distinct linear phases to the relationship between the adjusted 2-min yield and cell count. Small but significant phenotypic correlations were observed between unadjusted measures of milking speed and lactation production (0.11–0.22); however, correlations were not significant when adjustments were made for the milk yield at sampling. Genetic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were moderate to large and indicated an antagonistic relationship between faster milking speed and cell count. Also, the genetic correlations suggested some antagonism between increasing 2-min yield and lactation production, while the relationship between lactation traits and milking time was small. Key words: Milking speed, somatic cell count, correlations, heritabilities, Holsteins

scholarly journals Ontario Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count Reduction Program. 2. Dynamics of Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Counts

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynte H. Schukken ◽  
K.E. Leslie ◽  
A.J. Weersink ◽  
S.W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Reduction Program

scholarly journals Using Viscosity Values for Determining Somatic Cell Count in Cow Milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savas Atasever ◽  
Huseyin Erdem ◽  
Ertugrul Kul
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cow Milk

scholarly journals Variability and correlation between basic quality parameters of raw cow milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-967
Author(s):  
N. Memisi ◽  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
A. Kasalica ◽  
M. Zujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Milk

In this paper the results of the analysis of the milk somatic cell count are presented, as well as correlation between the somatic cell count and content of certain chemical parameters in milk (milk proteins, fat, lactose and dry matter without fat) determined in collective samples of milk obtained from cows reared in intensive rearing system, during two production years. The research was carried out by control of collective milk samples from cows reared on family holdings. Somatic cell count, as well as the chemical quality of milk, were controlled daily in the laboratory for raw milk in dairy plant AD ?Mlekara? - Subotica using the apparatus CombiFoss 6200 FC. In this investigation, statistically significant correlation (P<0,001) between all observed milk parameters was determined. Positive, weak and statistically highly significant correlation between the content of milk fat and proteins in milk and somatic cell count was established. It was also established that the variability of chemical parameters of milk and somatic cell count is also under the influence of different factors, such as: month of control, year of the research and farm.

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